全新版综合4 unit 1 b

1、unit 1: text b,the normandy landings,s r _ main,culture notes,reading,comprehension task,dwight david eisenhower,d-day,culture notes,s r _ cn_ main,s r _ culture notes 1.1,dwight david eisenhower,dwight david eisenhower (1890 1969) the popular world war ii general and the 34th president of the unite

2、d states,s r _ culture notes 1.2,1. a brief introduction,born in texas and raised in kansas, eisenhower was a general and political leader of the twentieth century. as supreme commander in europe of the forces of the allies during world war ii, he directed the invasion of normandy on d-day and led i

3、n the overthrow of the nazi government of germany. he later organized the military forces of the north atlantic treaty organization. in 1952, his popularity was so high that both the democrats and the republicans wanted him for a presidential candidate; he chose the republicans. “i like ike” was a p

4、opular slogan of his campaigns. he defeated the democratic candidate, adlai stevenson, in both 1952 and 1956. in,s r _ culture notes 1.2,office, he negotiated the end of the korean war and generally pursued moderate policies. his years as president were marked by increasing prosperity at home, altho

5、ugh the cold war with the soviet union continued abroad. richard nixon was eisenhowers vice president.,s r _ culture notes 1.2,2. his chronology,october 14,1890,s r _ culture notes 1.2,june 7,1948,december 19,1950,march 28,1969,s r _ culture notes 1.1,3. a video clip about him,directions: here is a

6、video clip about dwight d. eisenhower. after you watch it, you are required to say something about him with your partner or in your group. you can adopt different ways to do that such as retelling, dialog, interview and so on.,s r _ culture notes 1.1_pop,s r _ culture notes 1.2_pop1,s r _ culture no

7、tes 1.2_pop2,s r _ culture notes 1.2_pop2,s r _ culture notes 2.2,d-day,directions: this text describes the normandy landings in detail and d-day is its code name. now here is a video clip about it and you can have a visual-aural experience of it. you can see the transcript of it if necessary.,s r _

8、 culture notes 2.1,now, on june 6, 1944 eisenhower was ready and the first waves of nearly 2 million alive troop sailed for normandy. a giant armanda of 4,000 ships. the skies were alive with a light planes pounding road and real networks. german reinforcement for normandy will be slow in arriving a

9、nd tired and disorganized after their continual hammering from the air. german defenses on the beaches were soften up by massive bombardment. they expected an attack across the straits of dover and the landing at normandy came as a complete tactical surprise. this was a crucial attack at the power o

10、f nazi germany. this was the d-day. it was the greatest amphibious invasion of all time and even stalin was force to admit that history of warfare knows no other like undertaking from the point of view of its scale, its vast conception and its masterly execution. by the end of d-day, more than a qua

11、rter of a million of alive troops were firmly established in french soil.,s r _ reading _ text 1,would nature be on the side of the allied forces as they prepared to invade mainland europe or would it favour the germans? no one was certain.,the normandy landings,anthony ward,the largest and most amb

12、itious military expedition in history was the invasion of normandy in northern france by british, american and canadian forces that took place in the summer of 1944. even nature played a role.,s r _ reading _ text 2,it took more than a year for military planners to orchestrate every movement of troo

13、ps, artillery, ships and aircraft and to set everything in place for the move that was to open up a second front in europe. this would liberate france and open the way for the final assault on germany itself. everything was controlled; right down to the placement of military decoys across the englis

14、h channel to fool the germans into thinking the attack would come from britains closest point to france at pas de calais pas de calais: the part of france closest to the british isles rather than in normandy as planned. everything was controlled, that is, except the weather.,s r _ reading _ text 3,d

15、-day, the code name given to the day of invasion, was originally scheduled for 5 june 1944. this date had been arrived at by considering two factors moonlight and tide. the hour of the invasion would need to be near sunrise, when the seaborne troops would have a rising tide. this would enable them t

16、o land close to the obstacles that had been placed to hinder their landing without coming ashore on top of them. the paratroopers needed a full moon for visibility. the days with the proper tide-moonlight formula closest to the target date were 5, 6 and 7 june. the fifth was chosen for d-day to allo

17、w a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponed.,s r _ reading _ text 4,in addition to moonlight and favourable tides, calm seas were needed for the crossing. but an unusually stormy transition from spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break

18、in the weather. it also meant the possibility that operation overlord, as the invasion was called, might have to be postponed until later in the year or even the following year.,with the arrival of 5 june, the weather was so bad that general eisenhower dwight david eisenhower (1890-1972): nicknamed

19、ike. us general, commander of the allied expeditionary force (1943-1945) and 34th president of the us (1953-1961) , supreme commander of the invasion forces, was forced to postpone the invasion by one day.,s r _ reading _ text 5,when he met with his staff to review their options, they were faced wit

20、h the grim reality that 6 june did not look much better than the original d-day. the meteorological report gave a thin ray of hope that a lull in the storm would allow enough time to launch the invasion. consultations went on late into the night on whether to press ahead. opinions were divided. fina

21、lly, eisenhower made his decision. “i am quite positive we must give the order,” he said. “i dont like it, but there it is. i dont see how we can do anything else.” within hours, an armada of 3,000 landing craft, 2,500 other ships, and 500 naval vessels began to leave english ports.,s r _ reading _

22、text 6,meanwhile, critical errors by the german side allowed them to be taken completely by surprise. due to the bad weather, the german navy cancelled its usual patrol of the english channel. also, a practice drill scheduled for june 6 was called off. the german meteorological services were unaware

23、 of the break in the weather. on the eve of the attack, many of the top german leaders were absent from their commands. rommel erwin rommel (1891-1944) nicknamed the desert fox. german field marshal, noted for his brilliant generalship in north africa in world war ii. later a commander in france. he

24、 committed suicide after the officers plot against hitler. , the general in charge of the coastal defences, was in germany visiting his wife on her birthday, and several officers were some distance away in rennes rennes: city in northwest france or on their way there for a war-game exercise.,s r _ r

25、eading _ text 7,the assault on normandy began at 12:15 a.m., when the pathfinders for the american airborne units left their planes and parachuted to earth. five minutes later, on the other side of the invasion area, the british pathfinders made their jump. the pathfinders were specially trained to

26、find and mark the drop zones. the main airborne assault was to commence within the hour. the airborne attack became confused because of stiff winds and the evasive flying of the transport planes when they encountered anti-aircraft fire. as a result, the paratroopers were scattered over a wide area a

27、nd most missed their drop zones, some by as much as 20 miles. other complications were caused by the terrain, and the worst terrain was on the cotentin peninsula.,s r _ reading _ text 8,the germans had laced the open fields with anti-personnel and glider stakes and flooded the low areas. the floodin

28、g caused the most trouble for the americans of the 101st and 82nd airborne divisions, with many of the troops drowned, laden down by their heavy equipment. the airborne units were to secure the flanks of the amphibious assault. that meant capturing bridges, crossroads and coastal batteries. after ac

29、complishing those tasks, the paratroopers had to withstand any german counterattacks.,as the airborne units struggled to achieve their goals, the great fleet made its way across the channel to its appointment with destiny. leading that grand armada were the minesweepers. behind them followed a vast

30、array of naval vessels of every conceivable type. never before had such a fleet been assembled. including the landing craft carried on board, the combined allied invasion armada numbered up to 6,000 ships. approximately 150,000 men were to cross the english channel and land at assault beaches code-n

31、amed “utah,” “omaha,” “gold,” “juno” and “sword.”,s r _ reading _ text 9,s r _ reading _ text 10,the first areas of french soil wrested from german control were a group of small islands located three miles off utah beach. allied commanders were concerned that these islands could be used as sites for

32、 heavy guns. the men of the u.s. 4th and 24th cavalry squadrons were designated to take the islands prior to the main invasion. the assault teams found only land mines. the germans had left the islands unoccupied. for the majority of the assault troops, however, the war had not begun yet. after spen

33、ding as long as 48 hours aboard the various transport ships as a result of the delay, many of the men were miserably seasick and in poor shape for the challenge ahead.,s r _ reading _ text 11,the naval bombardment began around 5:45 a.m. the air attack followed. the naval and air bombardments were de

34、signed to destroy the beach guns and obstacles, pin down the enemy and provide shelter for the ground troops on the open beaches by making craters. both, however, largely failed in their objectives. weather conditions had improved, but they were not perfect. because of poor visibility caused by low

35、cloud cover, it was decided that the bombers would delay the release of bombs 30 seconds to avoid hitting the assaulting troops. as a result, the bombs fell inland and missed their targets. although the naval bombardment was more accurate, it was not much more effective against the hardened german g

36、un emplacements.,s r _ reading _ text 12,the weather also was partially responsible for causing some of the assault craft to miss their assigned landing areas. additionally, many of the landing craft and amphibious tanks foundered in the rough sea. in the omaha area, most of the craft carrying artil

37、lery and tanks intended to support the incoming troops sank in the high waves. at utah beach, however, a strange stroke of good fortune occurred when the assault craft encountered a southerly current that caused them to land in the wrong sector. the german shore batteries that would have contested a

38、 landing in the original area would undoubtedly have taken a heavy toll. the landing at the new sector was virtually unopposed.,s r _ reading _ text 13,despite difficulties, eisenhowers gamble with the elements was to pay off. the invasion forces succeeded in establishing a toehold on french soil. r

39、einforcements began to pour in, thrusting on deep into france. within a year hitlers empire, which he had boasted would last a thousand years, lay in ruins.,s r _ reading _ word _ ambitious,ambitious: adj. full of ambition,a slave has but one master; an ambitious man has as many masters as there are

40、 people who may be useful in bettering his position.,这看起来像一个非常雄心勃勃的计划！我祝你们两个好运！,that looks like a very ambitious plan! i wish both of you good luck!,s r _ reading _ word _ obstacle,obstacle: n. a thing that blocks ones way,这一决定排除了人质获释的最后障碍。,the biggest obstacle in our way was a tree trunk in the roa

41、d.,this decision has removed the last obstacle to the hostages release.,s r _ reading _ word _ in case,in case: so as to be safe if (sth.) happens,我带了一些三明治以防我们饿了。,ive brought some sandwiches in case we get hungry.,i brought my key just in case you forgot yours.,s r _ reading _ s _ the fifth was ,the

42、 fifth was chosen for d-day to allow a safety margin in case the attack needed to be postponed.,translate the sentence into chinese.,6月5日被选定为进攻开始日，其用意是留下一个安全系数，以防万一进攻需要推迟。,s r _ reading _ word _hold out,hold out: offer,我们的食品供应将只能再撑两个星期。,few people held out any hope of finding the lost jewelry.,our f

43、ood supplies will only hold out for another two weeks.,s r _ reading _ s_ but an unusually ,but an unusually stormy transition from spring toward summer that year held out little hope that there would be a suitable break in the weather.,然而，当年春夏之交大风暴异乎寻常地多，希望在这个时候天气会出现一个适合进攻的风平浪静的间隙，可能性微乎其微。,translat

44、e the sentence into chinese.,a lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.,s r _ reading _ word _ due to,due to: because of,due to wet leaves on the line, this train will arrive an hour late.,她的众多不幸是由无聊造成的。,s r _ reading _ word _ cancel,cancel: vt. decide not to go ahead with (sth. previously arranged

45、),去伦敦的火车已被取消。,janet had to cancel tomorrows trip because of her bad cold.,the train to london has been cancelled.,s r _ reading _ word _ call off,call off: decide that a planned event will not take place; cancel,由于寒冷的天气，明天的比赛已被取消。,tomorrows match has been called off because of the icy weather.,the p

46、olice have called off the search for the missing child until dawn tomorrow.,s r _ reading _ word _ on the eve of,on the eve of: immediately before,在中国新年前夕，美国总统向华人社区发去贺信。,the us president issued a letter of congratulations to the chinese community on the eve of the chinese new year.,on the eve of the

47、 national entrance examinations, he was so stressed that he couldnt concentrate on his reading.,s r _ reading _ word _ stiff,stiff: adj. (of a wind, etc.) blowing strongly; not easily bent,当该名男子在雪地里被发现时，他的尸体已经僵硬得像块木板。,the mans body was as stiff as a board when it was found in the snow.,the handle on

48、 this door is rather stiff.,s r _ reading _ word _ secure,secure:,他们尽力保卫大桥，使之免遭再次袭击。,they tried to secure the bridge from the threat of further attack.,our missiles and bombers secure us from attack.,1. vt. make (sth.) safe from being attacked, harmed, or lost,2. adj.,is your online banking informat

49、ion secure from hackers?,尽管失业率上升，79的美国人觉得他们的工作是安全的。,79% of americans feel secure in their jobs despite rises in joblessness.,s r _ reading _ word _ withstand,withstand: vt. endure without giving in; resist,这座桥被设计成能抵御地震。,the bridge was designed to withstand earthquakes.,the specially designed shelter

50、s are built to withstand ground and air attacks.,s r _ reading _ word _ concern,concern: vt. worry,我父亲的健康问题使我们非常担心。,the state of my fathers health concerns us greatly.,it concerns me that he hasnt been in contact with the company yet.,s r _ reading _ word _ prior to,prior to: before,在面试前，他做了大量的准备工作。

51、,he had made a lot of preparation prior to the interview.,there is only one week prior to her going abroad.,s r _ reading _ word _ aboard,aboard: prep. on board of; on; in.,在船碰撞中，船上所有的乘客都落入河中。,during the collision all passengers aboard the ship fell into the river.,how many people were aboard the hi

52、jacked plane?,s r _ reading _ word _ pin down,pin down: prevent from moving,the troops were pinned down by resistance forces 30 miles north of the capital.,it took four nurses to pin down the little boy for an injection.,该部队在首都以北30英里处被抵抗力量牵制住了。,s r _ reading _ word _ objective,objective: n. a thing

53、aimed at or wished for,销售人员可以实现财务目标吗？,can the sales force achieve its financial objectives?,her main objective now is simply to stay in power.,s r _ reading _ word _ responsible,responsible: adj. being the cause of; legally or morally obliged,她的部门负责监督理事会。,her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.,paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.,s r _ reading _ word _construct,contest: vt. fight for; struggle to win or keep,她很可能会赢得，因为只有两个人角逐席位。,she is likely to win since only two people are cont