定语从句详解

1、welcome,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,从句的位置：,在名词或代词后,先 行 词： 被定语从句修饰的词,引 导 词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词,引导词的作用: (1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成分 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置,he is the first chinese who went to the space.,杨利伟,费俊龙,we are all proud of the man who was a famous basketball player.,姚明,郭敬明,the actor/actress who has big eyes is very pop

2、ular.,杨幂,小沈阳,he is the first chinese who went to the space. we are all proud of the man who was a famous basketball player. the actor/actress who has big eyes is very popular.,1.he is the first chinese who went to the space.,we are all proud of the man who was a famous basketball player.,the actor/a

3、ctress who has big eyes is very popular.,the handsome the tall the strong the clever,boy,the boy is xiaoming. the boy is handsome.,the boy who is handsome is xiaoming.,the boy who is tall is xiaoming.,the boy who is strong is xiaoming,the boy who is clever is xiaoming, the boy is xiaoming. the boy i

4、s smiling., the boy is xiaoming. the boy has a round face.,the boy,the boy who has a round face is xiaoming., the boy is xiaoming. the boy sits in front of me.,the boy who sits in front of me is xiaoming.,who is smiling (主语),is xiaoming., the woman got the job. the woman can speak russian.,the woman

5、 who can speak russian got the job., the teacher will give us a talk. the teacher is famous.,the teacher who is famous will give us a talk.,ex: he is the teacher. the teacher can speak french.,he is the teacher who can speak french., do you know the man? the man came to visit you today.,do you know

6、the man who came to visit you today?, the man is kind. everyone likes the man.,the man, the woman is beautiful. we saw the woman on the street.,the woman (whom) we saw on the street is beautiful., the teacher will give us a talk. we met the teacher yesterday.,the teacher (whom) we met yesterday will

7、 give us a talk.,(whom) everyone likes (宾语),is kind., the lady stepped on his foot. he was dancing with the lady.,the lady (whom) he was dancing with stepped on his foot., do you know the man? you will visit him today.,do you know the man (whom) you will visit today?,apple,the red the green the smal

8、l the big,the apple which is red is mine.,the apple which is green is yours.,the apple which is red is small,the apple which is green is big., mrs. clark is angry with the goat. the goat is eating her flowers.,mrs. clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers., can you lend me the book?

9、you talked about it last night.,can you lend me the book （which） you talked about last night.,（主语）,（宾语）,could you tell me something about zheng he?-sure. he was a ming dynasty explorer _ the chinese people are proud of? a. which b. whose c. whom d. wherei hear that lilys brother is a worker here.- l

10、ook, the man _ is working over there is her brother.a. who b. whom c. what d. which,c,a,what kind of movies do you like?i like the movies _ are about chinese history. a. who b. whom c. whose d whichive become good friends with several of the students _ i met in the english speech contest last year.a

11、. whom b. where c. when d. whichwhat are you looking for?- im looking for the ring _my husband bought me last year.a. which b. who c. whom d. it,d,a,a,im looking at the photo _ you sent me with your letter.awho bwhom cwhich dit who is your new head teacher this semester?- the woman _ is wearing a re

12、d skirt.a. whom b. who c. whose d. whichjim dislikes people _ talk much but never do anything.a. whom b. when c. whose d. who,b,d,c, that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,a plane is a machine. it can fly.,a plane is a machine that can fly.,he is the man. i told you about him.,he is the man (that) i told you abo

13、ut.,he is the man (that) i told you about.,4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）,a plane is a machine that can fly., that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。,i am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,ive read all the books that are not mine.,this is the first book (that) he has read.,this

14、 is the very book that belongs to him.,(1) 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。,(2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等 修饰时。,(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,(5) 先行词是who或who引导的主句。 who is the girl that drove the car? who t

15、hat broke the window will be punished. (6) 主句以there be 引导时 there are 200 people that didnt know the thing. (7) 当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系代词用that. she isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago. (8)当先行词是which时，关系代词用that. which is the book that you bought last week?,1.this is all_i know about the matter. a.that

16、 b.what c.who d.whether 2is there anything else_you require? a.which b.that c.who d.what 3.the last place _we visited was the great wall. a.which b.that c.where d.it 4.he talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. a.which b.that c.it d.whom 5.there is no dictionary

17、_you can find everything. a.that b.which c.where d.in that 6.this is one of the best books_. a.that have ever been writtenc.that has written b.that has ever been written d.that have written,a,b,b,b,c,a,7.he wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ _ he saw on the way to the paris. a.what b.that

18、 c.which d.where 8.is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? a.that b./ c.which d.it 9.is there anything_to you? a.that is belonged b.that belongs c.which belongs d.that belong 10.the scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by us all. a.which b.that c.who d.whose 11.which of the b

19、ooks_were borrowed from him is the best? a.which b.what c.that d.whose,b,a,b,b,c,12.the terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields. 13.the wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate. 14.this is the very thing _ i was looking for. 15.this is the second no

20、vel _i have ever read. 16.there is nothing in the world _ can frighten me. 17.who is the man _ is reading under the tree? 18.my hometown is not the same one _ it used to be twenty years ago.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,who,that （先行词为人）区别,1.用who不用that的情况：,(1)当先行词为one,ones,anyone,those时。 (2)当先行

21、词为人称代词时。,he who does not reach the great wall is not a true man. those who have any difficulty with pronunciation should practise,2.只能用which 的情况:,1.介词前置时关系代词只能用which(先行词为物) 2. 引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时只能用which (1) she failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry. (2)my glasses,without which i was l

22、ike a blind man,fell to the ground and broke.,this teacher is liked by all the students. i work with her son.,this teacher,with whose son i work, is liked by all the students,the boss had heard about the accident. mr king worked in his department.,the boss in whose department mr king worked had hear

23、d about the accident.,1 the river _are covered with trees is very long. a which banks b of which banks c whose banks d the banks of which 2 she likes to use words _is clear to him. a of which the meaning b of which meaning c whose of meaning d meaning of which 3 themanager_company they worked agreed

24、 _their decision. a which, with b in which, to c whose, with d in whose, with 4 look! the dictionary ,_is red, is a birthday gift given by my parents. a which cover b the cover of which c the whose cover d that the cover 5 mr brown,_, works as the manager of the company. a we got here in his car b w

25、e got here by car c in whose car we got here d by whose car we got here,d,a,d,b,c,as 也可以用来引导定语从句.,当先行词与as,so,such,the same 连用或先行词本身是such,the same时,关系代词用as. as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,1.he is not such a man as only thinks of himself. 2.i should like to use the same pen as i used yesterday. 3.such problems as a

26、re often mentioned should be solved. 4.i will read as many books as are required. 5. here is so big a stone as no one can lift.,mr king was quickly taken to hospital. her legs were badly hurt.,mr king, whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.,we shall make a decision about ms king.

27、 i have told you her story.,we shall make a decision about ms king, whose story i have told you.,.,the chair is being repaired now. the legs of the chair are broken.,the chair,whose legs are broken is being repaired .,the boss of the company told the story about . his name was mr little.,the boss of

28、 the company, whose name was mr little, told the story about ms king,6 will you please show me the girl _name is linda? a who b whom c whose d which 7 it was a meeting ,_importance i did not realize at the time. a which b of which c its d whose 8 do you know who is living in that house _windows face

29、 south? a whose b which c which of d its 9 what about the watch price is 100 yuan？ a that b its c which d whose,c,d,a,d,when在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,ill never forget the day when i joined the league,on which,where在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词+关系代词（which）”。,this is the house where i lived two years ago.

30、,in which,why在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for+ 关系代词（which）”。,do you know the reason why she was late.,it rained heavily, for which he was late for the class.,1. this is the town _ i was born. this is the town _ i visited last week. 2. i will never forget the day _ i came to school. i will never forget the day

31、_ i spent with you. 3. this is the reason _ he was late. this is the reason _ he told me. the reason _he explained is not true.,where,which,when,which,why,which,which,“介词关系代词(whom/which)”引导定语从句应注意： 1介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 a.与先行词的搭配关系 1）i will never forget the day _ i joined the army. 2) i will never forg

32、et the days _ i worked in the school. 3) i will never forget the year _ my son went to college. 4) i got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday, _ most people had had supper.,on which,during which,in which,by which,b. 与谓语动词的搭配习惯 1）have you found the book _ i paid 29 us dollars? 2) have you found the book _ i s

33、pent 29 us dollars? 3) have you found the book _ we learnt a lot? 4) have you found the book _ she often talks?,for which,on which,from which,about which,the boy (whom) you want to talk to is in the lab. the boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., the boy is in the lab. you want to talk to him,

34、the boy (whom/that) you want to talk to is in the lab.,the boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab., this is the boy. i sit behind him.,this is the boy (whom/that) i sit behind.,this is the boy behind whom i sit.,do you find the pen? i wrote with it just now,do you find the pen (which/that) i wro

35、te with just now?,do you find the pen with which i wrote just now?,关系代词作介词宾语的几种结构：,1.介词 + whomwhich,the woman general still remember the day on which she joined the army,2.介词 短语 + whichwhom,the fisherman lived in a small house in front of which lies a well.,3. 不定代词 或数词 +whichwhom,there are many book

36、s here , none of which belongs to me. china has a lot of famous writers, one of whom is luxun.,4.名词+ of which,she mentioned a magazine,the title of which i have forgotten.,she mentioned a magazine,the title of which i have forgotten.,part of whom/which,there are 23 students in our class, a:_(他们都） lo

37、ve mothers deeply. b:_ （大多数） are from countryside. c:_ （有些）are from xiabancheng d:_（没有一个）are from beijing,all of whom,most of whom,some of whom,none of whom,there are 23 students in our class. (,and) a:_ (他们都） love mothers deeply. b:_ （大多数） are from countryside. c:_ （有些） are from xiabancheng d:_ （没有

38、一个） are from beijing,all of them,most of them,some of them,none of them,every student has many books, a:_（大多数）are textbooks. b:_ （一些） are extra curricular books. c:_ （其余的）are reference books. d:_（没有一本）are novels. e:_（有几本）are english books.,most of which,some of which,the rest of which,none of which,

39、several of which,1.do you know who lives in the： building_there is a well? a.in front of it b. in front of whose c.in front of which d.in front which 2.ill never forget the day_i joined theleague. a.on which b.in which c.which d.at which 3.the woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. a. who b.

40、to whom c.to who d whom 4.jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. a.from who b.from whom c.to that d.to whom 5.his glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. a.which b.with which c.without which d.that,c,a,b,b,c,做做试试,6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much

41、can be learned. a.who b.that c. from which d.from whom 7.he built a telescope_he could study the skies. a.in which b.with that c.through which d.by it 8.do you know the reason_he was late? a.that b.which c.for what d.for which 9.i have bought two ballpens,_writes well. a.none of which b.neither of w

42、hich c.none of them d.neither of them 10.the second world war_millions of people were killed in 1945. a.during which b.in that c.where d.on which,d,c,d,b,a,11.china has many rivers,_the changjiang river is the longest. a.which b. in which c.among which d. one of which 12.this is the very knife_i use

43、d to cut apples yesterday. a.that b.by which c.which d.with which 13.the speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high. 14.in the park there are many flowers,the colour_ which is bright and nice. 15.the little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures. 16.what were the things_which he w

44、as not too sure,c,d,at,of,in,of,17.they held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech. 18.the book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading. 19.is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured tv? 20.the villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without bei

45、ng found by the japanese soldiers. 21.wu dong,_whom i went to the concert, enjoyed it very much. 22.the stories about long march,_which this is one example,are well written.,at,for,in,through,with,of,1.he paid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows,most of _had not been cleaned for at least one year.

46、2.in the dark street, there was not a single person _ _she could turn for help. 3.china has a lot of islands ,the largest_ _is taiwan. 4.the old lady had one son and two daughters,_ _ _treated her well, _made her very sad. 5.there are forty students in our class,_ _20 are girls; the rest are boys.,w

47、hich,to whom,of which,none of which,which,of whom,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：,the man who came here yesterday has come again.,限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切， 写时不用逗号分开。,非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句， 写时往往逗号分开。,1.his mother ,whom he loved dearly,went abroad. 2.th

48、is machine ,which he has looked after for many years ,is still working perfectly. 3.aqiao,whose parents had died ,had to make a living by herself. 4.the family ,who lived upstairs,are fond of music.,说明：非限制性定语不能用that 引导； 作宾语用的关系代词不能省； 要用逗号隔开。,* as 和which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别：,which引导的从句与主句关系较密切，常放在主句之后；而as引

49、导从句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。 which既可代指先行词，又可代指整个主句的内容。相当于“and this” or “ and that”. 译为“这一点”。 而as 则只能代指整个主句的内容。译为“正如.那样”，且已形成固定结构。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported, as is often the case, as is expected. etc. eg. einstein, as is known, is a famous scientist. as is reported, china has become an important c

50、ountry in the world. he didnt come to attend the meeting, as is expected. bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. my son now goes to the school, which i used go to when i was a child.,1._was natural,he married jenny. a.which b.that c.this d.as 2.such signs_we use in the experiment_ greek letter

51、s. a.as ,are b.as,is c.that,are d.that,is 3.i passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . a.that b.as c.which d.who 4.she is very good at dance,_everybody knows. a.that b.which c.who d.as 5.it was raining,_was a pity. a.what b.that c.the which d.which 6._has been said above,grammar i

52、s a set of dead rules. a.which b.what c.that d.as 7.we do the same work_they do. a.which b.as c.than d.like 8.the earth is round,_we all know. a.that b.which c.who d. as,d,a,c,d,d,d,d,b,d,定语从句和其它句型的转换,从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,1.定语从

53、句和非谓语动词： 从句是主动形式，用现在分词; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。或者看定语和被修饰词之间的关系，如果定语和被修饰 词之间是主谓关系，用现在分词；如果定语和被修饰 词之间是动宾关系，用过去分词；,1.定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)there are lots of good english programmes which are broadcast on tv or the radio in china. -there are lots of good english programmes _ on tv or the radio in china. (2)at one time

54、there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the caac offices. -at one time there were long queues of people _ outside the caac offices.,(1)there are lots of good english programmes which are broadcast on tv or the radio in china. there are lots of good english programmes _ on tv or the

55、 radio in china. (2)at one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the caac offices. -at one time there were long queues of people _ outside the caac offices.,broadcast,waiting,2.定语从句和并列句 是否有连词是区分定语从句和并列句的一个关键 1. i saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with di

56、sease. -i saw some trees, the leaves of _were black with disease. 2. the professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _there is a pair of glasses 3.the world trade organization (wto) finally opened its door to china on november 10,_ a 15-year wait. a. to end b. ended c. ending d. ends,which,whom,c,a whombthemctheydwho 1）mrsmithhasthreesons，noneofis a computerexpert2he