简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法

1、简单句的六种基本句型及其主要用法。一、S + V（主语不及物动词）这种句型简称为主谓结构。不及物动词是指那些本身意义已完整，后面不需要接宾语的动词，如come, go, swim, appear, run, arrive, fall等。如：Did you go by sea？你们走的是海路吗？No, we flew. 不，我们是坐飞机去的。有时，不及物动词后面会跟副词、介词短语等作状语。如：Why dont you come at once when I call you? 我叫你时，你为什么不马上来？【练习导航】. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。1. 他在听。 He _ _.2. 昨晚

2、你睡得好吗？Did you _ _ last night?3. 这场雨持续了两个小时。 The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物总是变化的。 Things always _.5. 他来中国的梦想实现了。 His dream to China _ _ _. . 单项选择( )6. An MP5 player of this type costs too much. Youd better _. A. waitB. waitingC. waitedD. to wait( )7. It _ outside. I have to stay at home.A. rain B. is

3、rainingC. rained D. has rained( )8. Did you watch the basketball match yesterday?Yes, I did. My uncle _ in the match. A. is playingB. was playingC. has playedD. will play( )9. What did your father say just now?Sorry, I dont know. I _ on the phone.A. am talkingB. talkC. was talkingD. have talked ( )1

4、0. You _ first and I _ behind. A. go; was followingB. will go; followC. will go; followedD. go; will follow二、S + V + P（主语系动词表语）系动词通常与表语一起构成系表结构，用来说明主语的性质、特点或状态等。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。常见的系动词有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。如：All her friends a

5、re now outside the door. 她的所有朋友现在都在门外。The milk turned sour. 牛奶变酸了。【练习导航】翻译下面的汉语句子。1. 他感到有点累。_2. 这听起来是个好主意。_3. 海伦在家吗？_4. 我的电脑在书房里。_5. 他的梦想是成为一名医生。_6. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳。_7. 问题是你想干什么。_8. 他总是乐于助人。_9. 这盘菜闻起来不错。_10. 那个女孩是我的妹妹。_三、S + V + O（主语及物动词宾语）及物动词后面必须接宾语才能表达一个完整的意思。宾语是动作的承受者，一般由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词等充当。如：Hes havi

6、ng lunch. 他正在吃午餐。I prefer standing. 我宁愿站着。He promised to lend me some books. 他答应借给我几本书。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子的宾语。1. He handed in his homework this morning._2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. _3. He forgot which way to go. _4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? _5. Ill do what I can. _. 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，

7、每空一词。6. 你认识这些人吗？Do you _ _ _?7. 今天早上他完成了报告。He _ _ _ this morning.8. 现在我来自我介绍一下。Now Ill _ _. 9. 他已经决定搬到北京去了。He has decided _ _ _ Beijing.10. 我不记得事故是什么时候发生的。I dont remember _ the accident _.四、S + V + IO + DO（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）有些及物动词，如hand, give, throw, lend, sing, read, write, buy, leave, make, pass, tel

8、l, get 等可以带双宾语，一个宾语指人，称为间接宾语；另一个指物，称为直接宾语。及物动词带双宾语通常有以下两种结构：1. 及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语2. 及物动词+直接宾语+to / for+间接宾语【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的直接宾语。1. She gave me her telephone number. _2. Bring me some water, please. _3. Ill make you some fresh tea. _4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 将下列句子改为同义

9、句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal. She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of

10、coffee. She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 【温馨提示】某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为to引导的短语，这类动词有give, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? 你能把车借给我们吗？Can you lend your car to us? 某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为for引导的短语，这类动词有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My

11、uncle bought me a watch. 我叔叔给我买了一块表。My uncle bought a watch for me.五、S + V + O + OC（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）有些及物动词加上宾语后，它的意思表达还是不完整，这就需要再加上一个补足语来使句子的意思完整。宾语补足语通常由形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、动词不定式、V-ing形式等充当。如：Please dont call me Lucy. 请不要叫我露西。I found the box empty. 我发现箱子是空的。The teacher told us to do some exercises. 老师要我们做

12、一些练习题。【练习导航】. 找出下列句子中的宾语补足语。1. They call their daughter Mary. _2. Dont leave me behind. _3. I wish you to be happy. _4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. _5. Good food keeps you healthy. _. 翻译下面的汉语句子。6. 他们请我和他们一道去。_7. 我刚才看见她在跟简谈话。_8. 你认为这部电影精彩吗？_9. 你建议我做什么？ _10. 你注意到他进来了吗？_六、there be句型 there be句型主要用来表示

13、“某地有某物或某人”。如果be动词后面有两个或两个以上的主语，be动词的选用需要遵循“就近原则”。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本书和一支钢笔。【练习导航】. 单项选择( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. wasB. wereC. will beD. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going

14、to haveC. is haveD. is going to be ( ) 3. There _ to be something wrong with him.A. is B. wasC. seemsD. are ( ) 4. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt itD. arent there( ) 5. There _ more than two hundred people killed in road accidents since last month. A. was

15、 B. wereC. have been D. are . 根据汉语完成下列英语句子，每空一词。6. 一个男孩正在院子里和一只小狗玩。_ _ a boy _ with a dog in the yard. 7. 以前在街道拐角处有一家商店。_ _ _ _ a shop on the corner of the street. 8. 可能会有一个更好的办法来做这件事。_ _ _ a better way to do this. 9. 没有空气就没有声音._ _ _ sound without air. 10. 没有时间再等你了。_ _ no time _ _ _ you. Key：一、. 1.

16、is listening 2. sleep well3. lasted for 4. change 5. has come true . 6-10 ABBCD二、 1. He feels a little tired. 2. It sounds a good idea. 3. Is Helen in?4. My computer is in the study. 5. His dream is to become a doctor.6. My favorite sport is swimming.7. The question is what you want to do.8. He is a

17、lways ready to help others.9. The dish smells good.10. The girl is my sister.三、. 1. his homework 2. yourself 3. which way to go4. waiting 5. what I can. 6. know these people 7. finished his report 8. introduce myself 9. to move to 10. when; happened四、. 1. her telephone number 2. some water3. some fresh tea 4. a folk song 5. her paintings. 6. gave; to 7. bought; for 8. cooked; for 9. showed; to 10. made; for 五、.1. Mary 2. behind 3. to be happy4. chatting with Nancy 5. healthy . 6. They