阅读理解专题训练(好课件)

1、阅读理解专题训练：掌握主旨大意u 考查主旨大意题常见的题干：命题者大多就段落、短文的主题（theme、topic），主题思想（main idea）、标题（title）拟题。 The main idea of the paragraph/passage is _? From the parapraph we know that _? The parapraph/passage could be entitled? Which of the following is the best title for the text? What does the author mainly discuss?1

2、) 要做好主旨大意题首先要迅速找到文章的主题句。2) 做此类题目时，首先要搞清楚是问某一段，还是全文的大意。3) 如果有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。4) 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的。因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫主题词，抓住了它，便抓住了文章的中心。u 确定主题句的位置： 在阅读中，尽量运用有关信息词确定主题句的位置。如在for example、first、second、to begin with、等之前的句子；或在all in all、above all、in a word、in short、sum up、therefore、thu

3、s、clearly等后的句中寻找并确定。 Given all these points above， I would support the idea that。For all the reasons mentioned above， I would prefer。等句子后。u 寻找主题句的位置： People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fis

4、h and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink. Today the problem of environment has become

5、 more and more serious. The world population is rising, so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive.

6、 Man has made great progress in environment protection. Governments of many countries have established laws to protect the forests and sea resources and waste water and poisonous gases have been also dealt with. Still more measures should be taken to solve the problems. People should be further educ

7、ated to realize the importance of the problem, to use modern methods of birth control and learn to recycle our natural resources. We are sure that we shall have a better and cleaned planet in the future. Nowadays the problem of environment has become more and more serious. The world population is ri

8、sing so quickly that the world has become too crowded. We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals. If we continue to do this, human life on earth will not survive Insects come in many sizesSome are big and some are

9、 smallThe smallest ones are so smal1 that it takes one hundred of them to form one inchThe biggest insects are not big，but they are one thousand times as big as the smallestThey are about ten inches in length！总结： Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking c

10、an cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or

11、 terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it? Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students

12、 at the same time. A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate, compared with that of a wild animal, but it is actually surprisingly strong. In deed, its very softness and looseness is an advantage; it makes man good at moving about movement of all living things of his own size, because he c

13、an do so many different things with his limbs. Mans games show how he can control his own body. No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man; more has such varied grace; very few lives as long as he; none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease. Therefore， man has a great advantage

14、 in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him. One of the most important uses of gold is for moneyGold can be used to make rings，earrings，and other things，Gold is also used to make a gold leaf, a very flat ribbon of gold that is often used on picture framesCups and dishes ca

15、n also be made from gold. Gold has many uses.总结： Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolish to try to judge a

16、 person only by his appearance. Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a

17、flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out People who live in countries with many doctors and modern hospitals are worlds healthiest people - right？Not necessarily. Some groups of people who have no doctors or hospitals at all are among the worlds healt

18、hiest. For example，people who live on small, faraway islands get very few diseases because there are no outsiders to bring in germs or new illness.总结： If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hur

19、ry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. This sales trick is called “bait and switch”. (诱售法 )Buyers are baited wit

20、h a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. The paragraph could be entitled _. A. Buyer BewareB. Closeout(出清存货) Sale C. Crime Pays D. Buying a TV Set Good manners are im

21、portant in all countries，but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. Americans eat with knives and forks；Japanese eat with chopsticks. Americans say “Hi” when they meet；Japanese bow. Many American men open doors for women；Japanese men do not. On the surface，it appears

22、that good manners in America are not good manners in Japan，and in a way this is true. But in any country，the manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. In all countries it is good manners to behave considerately toward others and bad manners not to. It

23、 is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. An ant can pick up an object more than fifty times its own weight. A bee can pull a load more than one hundred and fifty times its weight. If we were as strong in proportion to our size，we could pull a five-ton truck？If we h

24、ad the jumping ability of a grasshopper，we could leap a third the length of a football field！总结： Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston

25、College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.Q: What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer. B. Bingham is a diligent student. C. Joshua Bingham received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs

26、good education. Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corpora

27、tion lawyer in Miami, Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A. Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he

28、studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.总结:Types Of Paragraph StructurestypeThe position of the topicAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleAt the beginning and endNo clear topic sentenceu 应试技巧： 正确选项的特点1). 含有抽象名词和概括性词语。 2). 四个选项中, 含有approach, concept, chance, opportunity,

29、 various, both, general, many, difficult, way, necessity, necessary, importance 等词的选项一般是正确选项。3). 四个选项中, 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项。4). 那些概括全文, 内容全面, 含义深刻, 说明道理的选项一般是答案项, 而选项内容片面, 单一的内容一般是错误选项. 错误选项的特点1)以偏概全. 只是局部信息, 或是一句没有展开论述的话.2)过于笼统. 即归纳的主题太泛, 与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论述.3)把观点强加与作者. 读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作

30、者的见解.4)无关信息, 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息 u 寻找主题句：1.Underground systems are already in placeMany cities have underground car parksIn some cities，such as Tokyo，Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas，The “Chunnel”，a tunnel（隧道）connecting England and France；is now completed2.The panda is

31、 a popular animal. Stories about the panda in the Washington Zoo are always front page news and important features on television newscasts. Stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops.3. Joe is happy about being on a bowling

32、 team that bowls once a week. He also enjoys playing basketball twice a month. During the summer，he tries to play baseball on weekends. Joe really does enjoy all sports activities. He goes swimming as often as he can. Whenever he cant participate directly，he loves to watch a football game or a golf

33、or tennis match.4. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller-skates. He rolled on and on. Suddenly，he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell th

34、e mirror, breaking to pieces. Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!u 专题训练：1. Wouldnt it be terrible if we didnt have grass？We would have to walk on bare soil. Can you guess what our playgrounds would look like？On a rainy day, we would get all muddy. On a dry day we would breathe clou

35、ds of dust.The short text mainly deals with . A. why we need rain B. how grass is kept greenC. how grass helps usD. why we breathe dust2. The word Waterloo has become a synonym for defeat-total defeat and complete disaster. Waterloo, a town in Belgium, was the scene of a battle in 1851 that brought

36、overwhelming defeat to Napoleon Bonapartes French Army. At stake were the whole continent of Europe and Napoleons dream of an empire. In a few days, over forty thousand French soldiers died. With their deaths a new word for disaster was born - Waterloo.The subject of the text is . A. where Waterloo

37、is B. who named Waterloo C. why Napoleon was defeated D. how Waterloo came to mean defeat3. Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spread disease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the

38、world.This paragraph mainly tells us .A. that we are short of grain because of ratsB. why rats are still an enemy of peopleC. how rats destroy our food D. why rats cause disease4. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “ the two share little about their innermost feelings. Wher

39、eas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage. It wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa”Which of the following statements is best suppo

40、rted by the last paragraph? A. Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves. B. Women are more serious than men about marriage. C. Men often take sudden action to end their marriage. D. Women depend on others in making decisions.5. We think of a f1ood or an earthquake as a natural disaster. To ma

41、ny of natures animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans. When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes. All this upset the areas balance of nature. For the anima

42、ls, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Floods and EarthquakeB. Humans - Disaster to NatureC. American SettlersD. Nature Balance Itselfu 全文练习：1.（）A World of OpportunityThe New York Times is now better than ever.All the more reason to order

43、 home delivery now.NEW-SEPARATE sections for The Arts.Monday through Thursday,and Sports 7 days a week that you can pull out,take with you or pass along.NEW-The Dining In,Dining Out section,Wednesdays,a banquet (宴席) of great meals you can make yourself,order up or eat out.NEW-The House & Home sectio

44、n.Thursdays,filled with useful,interesting features and articles about making the most of all sorts of living spaces.NEW-An expanded,two-part Weekend section.Fridays,with more ideas about movies,shows,art exhibitions,outdoor and indoor recreations.Latest news and sports results daily.And of course,d

45、aily world and national news,Sundays special sections and all the other great features youll continue to find in The Times.Find out just how much YOU can benefit from The Times every day.Call 1-800-331-1969 or use the postage-paid order card to order convenient home delivery at 50% OFF our regular p

46、rice.Question 1:The main idea of this advertisement is that _.A.many opportunities will be provided just to those who order home deliveryB.several new sections have been printed separately from now onC.readers can be well informed of the latest news and sports resultsD.people can pick up all the inf

47、ormation they are interested in2.()Millions of people use contact lenses(隐形眼镜）.For anyone who doesnt mind sticking his fingers in his eyes,there are clear advantages:contacts correct vision better than glasses,are less often crushed underfoot,dont make you look boring,and come in a huge variety of f

48、ormssoft,firm,colored,and even theatrical.More and more people are turning to use of contact lenses.But are they safe?Latest research from Australia shows that not all chemicals are effective in killing all germs(细菌）and some of these germs can cause blindness in just 24 hours.While most problems wit

49、h contacts still can go back to poor hygiene(卫生）or overuse,not all sight-threatening conditions only happen to those who wash their lenses under the tap or decide,while tired and emotional,to sleep in their lenses for the third night running.Two of the biggest eye-damaging killersprotozoan acanthamo

50、eba and bacteria pseudomonasare all around us,in our homes and water supplies.This seemingly harmless pair can cause blindness through keratitis(disease of the cornea).“The cornea(角膜)is like a five-layered sandwich”,says Raymond Curran,a doctor from Omagh,Northern Ireland.“Once the bacteria get into

51、 a layer they can reproduce there and turn the cornea opaque(too dark to see through).”An optician(验光师）may see one possibly sight-threatening case each month,but at an eye hospital there may be several each week.Acanthamoeba,often seemingly mild,can be misjudged until it is too late.Meanwhile,pseudo

52、monas,more seriously,can cause increasing sight loss with each hour that passes.If not treated immediately,patients may need a corneal replacement.And the really bad news,according to Professor Roger Buckley,at the Moorfields eye hospital in London,is that acanthamoeba is“one of the hardest germs on

53、 Earth”it can survive in Antarctica.Question 2:In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us _.A.the possible danger of contactsB.the importance of keeping contacts cleanC.some doctors opinions about contactsD.the advantages and disadvantages of contacts3.()With only about000 pandas left in the

54、world，China is desperately trying to clone(克隆) the animal and save the endangered species(物种)Thats a move similar to what a Texas AM University researchers have been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noahs Ark”Noahs Ark is aimed at collecting eggs，embryos(胚胎)，semen and DNA of

55、endangered animals and storing them in liuid nitrogenIf certain species should become extinct，DrDuane Kraemer，a professor in Texas AMs College of Veterinary Medicine，says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the futureIt is estimated that as many as 2 000

56、species of mammals，birds and reptiles will become extinct in over 00 yearsThe panda，native only to China，is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 yearsThis week，Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rab

57、bitThey are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animalThe entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete“The nuclear transfer（核子移植)of one species to another is not easy，and the lack of available （capable of being used）panda eggs could be a major problem”Kraemer believes“They will probably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy （having a baby）It takes a long time and its difficult，but this could be groundbreaking science if it worksThey are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk，so it is worth the effort，”adds Kraemer