modal verbs 1.ppt

1、Hector Martinez Garcia,Modal Verbs,Advance English Grammar,CHAPTER 3,Hector Martinez Garcia,Modal Verbs Practice Link,The followig web site is excellent to practice and revise modal verbs ,CHAPTER 3,Here is a list of the modal verbs in English,CHAPTER 3,Heres a list of the modal verbs in English:,Mo

2、dals are different from normal verbs: 1: They dont use an s for the third person singular. 2: They make questions by inversion (she can go becomes can she go?). 3: They are followed directly by the infinitive of another verb (without to).,OUTLINE,GENERAL FEATURES MODAL VERBS Classified according to

3、the meaning they express We will include semi-modals or suppletive forms A modal verb can appear in more than one meaning,GENERAL FEATURES,MOST OF THEM ARE FOLLOWED BY BARE INFINITIVE Ex: She should be here by five oclock They do not have inflections (-ed, -ing, 3rd person singular s) Ex: He can spe

4、ak five different languages They are negated by adding not Ex: She might not come since she is very angry with me We do not find those features in Be able to Have to Be allowed to,MODALS EXPRESSING ABILITY,CAN: PRESENT ABILITY EX: She can read minds. COULD: PAST ABILITY, CONDITIONAL Ex: At the age o

5、f five , she could read and write,SEMI-MODAL VERBS,BE ABLE TO: Suppletive form To express ability in all those tenses can, could cant express Ex: she hasnt been able to find a job yet Was/were able(managed just once) to vs could (general ability in the past) Ex: At the age of six, I could play the p

6、iano Ex: At the age of six, I couldnt play the piano. But once, I was able to play the happy birthday song once.,MODALS OF POSSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY,100% SURE. must 50% POSSIBLE may/might 0% SURE / IMPOSSIBLE cant,MODALS OF POSSIBILITY AND CERTAINTY,MUST EX: lucy must be at home. The lights are on M

7、ay/might/could EX: Peter has come to class today. He might be ill Cant EX: Lucy cant be at home. The lights are off,MODALS OF OBLIGATION,MUST ( Inner obligation) EX: You must study harder if you want to pass your exams Have to ( Rules) Ex: Girls have to wear uniform in private schools That differenc

8、e tends to disappear Have to Semi-modal in form Suppletive form for all those tenses must cannot express She had to get up early last Saturday since she had to attend a very important lecture,PROHIBITION AND NECESSITY,MUSTNT Ex: You mustnt lie on your CV (NOT HAVE TO)Remember to use auxiliary verbs

9、Ex: you dont have to pick me up if you dont want to (its not compulsory) NEED You need to take some time off NEEDNT isnt followed by to Ex: you neednt study for this exam,Advice,SHOULD/OUGHT TO They are used to express advice Ex: You ought not to apply for that job,Permission,CAN/MAY/COULD It depend

10、s on the degree of politeness Can / May I come in? Could I come in Mr Robinson?,MODALS + PERFECT INFINITIVES (to have / ppart),MIGHT/MAY/COULD HAVE +PAST PARTICIPLE Something which was possible in the past but it didnt finally happen EX: She could have taken the job but she didnt,MODALS + PERFECT IN

11、FINITIVES,Must have. Logical inference about the past Ex: you must have seen John at the party,MODALS + PERFECT INFINITIVES,Cant have. Ex: She cant have understood the question,SHOULD HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE,To express your opinions about something in the past. Now its too late Ex: He should have agre

12、ed to come to the party. It was real fun,SHOULDNT HAVE,Its used to express or show regret or express some criticism I shouldnt have drunk that much,HAD BETTER,FORM HAD BETTER+ BARE INFINITIVE HAD BETTER NOT+BARE INFINITIVE Ex: Wed better stop for petrol soon. The tank is almost emply Use: We use it

13、for a particular situation and not for general advice,WOULD RATHER,FORM WOULD RATHER+BARE INFINITIVE WOULD RATHER NOT+BARE INFINITIVE Ex: Id rather not go out this evening if you dont mind Ex: Id rather stay at home than go out,WOULD RATHER,Id rather you did something Notice the difference: Id rathe

14、r cook the dinner now. Im in a hurry Id rather you didnt cook. You are a terrible chef,RATHER,Used together with prefer I prefer coke to water I prefer drinking coke to drinking water I prefer to drink coke rather than drink water Id prefer to drink a coke rather than drink water,SUMMARISING (part 2

15、),CAN / COULD / MAY,Physical ability: I can speak English Senses: I cant think of a solution Permission: May I go to the toilet? Asking: Could you give me.? Negative deduction: He cant be there Probability: She could be here in a minute. Possibility: This new model can be red or white Conditional: H

16、e could go tomorrow Habitual Past: At that time he was very nervous; he could abuse you without any reason at all Be able to: a gerund, to-infinitive, a perfect tense,MAY / MIGHT,More formal. In the past to be allowed to , to be permitted to Possibility May Might Could Prohibition may you may not le

17、ave yet. Menace might Smoking might damage your health Indirect speech might He told me he might be there Habit in past,Certainty,Must / Have to,Obligation Have got to more informal Have to = external authority You have to study more Must = personal obligation I must study more Must also for deducti

18、ons = He must be very old. Have to also used when must is not possible Past, present perfect, conditional. I had to study the whole subject again. TO BE / HAD BETTER TO other obligations,Neednt / didnt need to / neednt have / dont have to,Absence of obligation no obligation Present / Future dont hav

19、e to, dont need to , neednt + INFINITIVE You dont have to wake up too early Past didnt have to, didnt need to (we dont know) You didnt have to wear a tie Neednt + perfect infinitive (we know) You neednt have worn a tie.,Obligation, no obligation, prohibition,Obligation: You have to wear a tie Absenc

20、e of obligation: You dont have to wear a tie Prohibition: You mustnt wear a tie,Likely,Peter will probably come Subject + likely + to + infinitive Peter is likely to come It is + likely + that + Subject + will infinitive It is likely that Peter will come,Uhmmm! It is likely to rain today.,Deductions,Positive deductions in present Peter must be here. Ive s