希腊拉丁医学术语词根#优推内容

1、英中希腊例词拉丁例词sigmoid乙状结肠sigmoid-oscopy检查镜rectum直肠procto(co)-lectomy直/结肠切除术recto-vaginal直肠阴道的anus肛门ano-anorectal肛门直肠的liver肝hepato-heparin肝素注：hepto-七；hapto接触gall/bladdervesica fella胆囊cholecysto-itis 胆囊炎-ectomy胆囊切除术注：choledocho-总胆管/cholangio-胆管pancreas胰腺pancreato-duodenectomymouth口oro-phargeal口咽的注：orifice

2、指体腔的任何口，如：cervicalorifice子宫颈口 stomato-itis 口炎lip/labium唇cheilo-cheilitis唇炎labio-dental唇齿的palate腭urano-rrhaphy腭裂缝术-plasty腭成形术palato-palatal腭的-schisis腭裂uvula悬雍垂staphylo-注：另义为葡萄状-ptosis悬雍垂下垂uvulo-palatopharyngoplasty悬雍垂腭咽成形术tonsil扁桃体amygdalo-tomy部分切除术-id 扁桃体样的tonsillo-ectomy扁桃体切除术cheekmala颊注：mala另义为颧骨；

3、zygoma另义为颧骨bucco-buccal颊的buccolingual 颊舌的chin颏genio-plasty颏成形术mento-menton颏点-labial颏唇的tonguelingua舌glosso-pharyngeal舌咽的linguo-salivary舌唾液腺的jaw颌gnatho-gnathion颌下点orthognathic正颌学upper jawmaxilla上颌骨maxillo-facial上颌面lower jawmandibulla下颌mandibullo-mandibulectomy下颌骨切除术gumgingivae齿龈gingivo-gingivitis龈炎too

4、th牙odonto-blast成牙质细胞dento-dentalgia牙痛cementum牙骨质cemento-genesis牙骨质发生pulp牙髓pulpo-pulpitis牙髓炎enamel釉质amelo-ameloblastoma成釉质细胞瘤urine尿uro-uremia尿毒症urokinase尿激酶urino-urination排尿genitourinary 生殖泌尿的-uriadysuria排尿困难pyuria脓尿kidney肾nephro-nephron肾单位nephrosis肾（病）变（尤指肾小管）reno-renin肾素adrenalin肾上腺素renal colic 肾绞痛

5、renal pelvis肾盂pyelo-nephritis肾盂肾炎pelvio-plasty肾盂成形术ureteropelvic输尿管肾盂的ureter输尿管uretero-cystoscope输尿管膀胱镜bladdercysto-cystitis膀胱炎cystine胱氨酸vesico-stomy膀胱切开术urethra尿道urethro-urethritis尿道炎meato-meatal尿道的meatoplasty尿道成形术stonecalculus结石litho-lithiasis结石病nephrolithiasis肾结石calculo-urinary calculus 尿路结石repro

6、duction生殖germ(in)o-germinoma生殖细胞瘤genitor-genitalis生殖器woman/female女性gyneco-gynecology妇科学femino-feminize使女性化estro-estrogen雌激素estradiol雌二醇ovary/ovarium卵巢oophoroootheco-（少用）oophoritis卵巢炎ovario-ovariectomy卵巢切除术ovarian cancer 卵巢癌fallopian tubeoviductsalphinx输卵管salpingo-salpigitis输卵管炎注：salpingo-oophorectom

7、y输卵管卵巢切除术wombuterus子宫hystero-hysterectomy子宫切除术utero-uterine leiomyoma 子宫平滑肌瘤metro-endometrial子宫内膜的vagina阴道vagino-vaginitis阴道炎egg/ovum卵oo-oocyte卵母细胞oval cell 卵细胞ovo-ovalbumin卵白蛋白mensesmenstruation月经meno-menopause绝经dysmenorrheal痛经注：国内与日本文献中常用menorrhea，但西方几乎不用。pregnancygravidity妊娠pregno-pregneninolone孕

8、烯炔醇酮first pregnant trimester 妊娠首三月amnion羊膜amnio-centesis羊膜穿刺amniotic fluid 羊水注：amino-氨基酸（拼写相近）chorion绒毛膜chorio-amnionitis绒毛膜羊膜炎chorionic gonadotropin 绒毛膜促性腺激素embryo胚胎embryo-nic stem cells胚胎干细胞-dermmesoderm中胚层deliverychildbirthlabour分娩toco-tocopheral生育酚tocolytic agent保胎药物-paraprimipara初产妇conjoined tw

9、ins联胎-didymusthoraco-胸部联胎-paguscraniopagus颅部联胎man, male,virility男性andro-androgen雄激素androgenic steroid雄性类固醇scrotum阴囊注：oscheo-（极少用）scroto-plasty阴囊成形术testistesticledidymus（极少用）睾丸orchio-orchiectomy睾丸切除术cryptorchidism隐睾症testo-testosterone睾酮spermspermatozoonsemen精子spermato-spermatic cord精索semino-seminoma

10、精原细胞瘤prostate 前列腺prostato-prostaglandin前列腺素prostatic hyperplasis前列腺增生secretion分泌-crineendocrine内分泌exocrine外分泌autocrine自分泌paracine副分泌hypothalamus下丘脑hypothalamo-hypothalamo-pituiary-adrenalaxis下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴pituitary垂体hypophysohypophysectomy垂体切除术注：hypnosis催眠松果体pinealo-pinealocyte松果体细胞pineal melatonin松果体素

11、thyroid甲状腺thyro-thyrotropin促甲状腺素triiodothyronine三碘甲状腺原氨酸adrenal肾上腺adreno-adrenergicnoradrenaline去甲肾上腺素beta-adrenergic receptors b-肾上腺素能受体gonad性腺gonado-gonadotropin促性腺激素hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴nerve, nervus神经neuro-neuron神经元neurotransmitter神经递质brainencephalon脑袋encephalo-pathy脑病enc

12、ephalitis脑炎mesencephalon间脑rhombencephalon菱脑cerebrum大脑cerebro-cerebrospinal 脑脊髓的 cerebrovascular accident 脑血管意外cerebellum小脑cerebello-pontine小脑脑桥的thalamus丘脑thalamo-thalamocortical丘脑皮质的subthalamus丘脑下 epithalamus上丘脑 hypothalamus下丘脑pons桥脑ponto-pontomedullary脑桥延髓的ponto-geniculo-occipital脑桥膝枕部的hippocampus海

13、马hippocampo-hippurate马尿酸盐 （注：hippo吐根）hippocampal pyramidal neuron海马椎体神经元amygdala杏仁核amygdalo-amygdaloid body 杏仁核 basolateral amygdala底外侧杏仁核（注：多指扁桃体结构，另义为“扁桃体”）cortex皮质cortico-steroid皮质类固醇marrow髓质medullo-blastoma成神经管细胞瘤-epithelioma髓上皮瘤renal medullary 肾上腺髓质的（注：另议为“延脑”；不仅用于神经系统）meninges脑膜脊髓膜meningo-meni

14、ngitis脑（脊）膜炎arachnoid蛛网膜arachnoido-arachnoiditis蛛网膜炎arachidonic cyst蛛网膜囊肿（注：arachinoid花生四烯酸）dura硬膜dur-duroarachnitis硬膜蛛网膜炎epidural anesthesia硬膜外麻醉ventricle脑室ventriculo-ventriculography脑室造影术pyramid椎体pyramido-pyramidal neuron椎体神经元extrapyramidal tract 椎体束外的radicle神经根radiculo-radiculopathy神经根病axon轴，轴突ax

15、o-axotomy轴索显微手术axonal degeneration 轴索变性dendrite树突dendro-dendrogram树突描记图dendritic spine树状棘synapse突触synapto-synaptosome突触体注：synapsis联会（遗传学）（词源相同）sympathetic交感神经的sympatho-mimetic拟交感神经的sympathetic nerve交感神经的vagus迷走神经vago-vagotomy迷走神经切断术；vagal tone迷走神经张力mind精神心理psycho-psychic disorder精神疾病to know 认知-gnosi

16、sprognosis预后diagnosis诊断agnosia失认dysgnosia智力障碍fear恐怖-phobiaaerophobia恐高症skin/cutis皮肤derm(ato)-dermatitis皮炎cut-subcutaneous皮下的hair毛发tricho-trichomonad毛滴虫pilo-pilocarpine毛果芸香碱eye眼ophthalmo-logy眼科学oculooculomotor动眼的eyelidpalpebra眼睑blepharo-blepharoptosis上睑下垂 注：phlebo-静脉（拼写相近）lens晶状体phaco-phacoemulsifica

17、tion晶状体乳化法vitreum玻璃体vitreo-vitrectomy 玻璃体摘除术 vitreous humour玻璃体注：vitriol矾（拼写相近）cornea角膜kerato-keratitis角膜炎 orthokeratology角膜矫正术conjunctiva结膜conjunctivo-conjunctivitis结膜炎sclera巩膜sclero-scleritis巩膜炎 icteric sclera 巩膜黄染注：另义为“硬化”，如sclerosisiris虹膜irido-iridocyclitis虹膜睫状体炎retina视网膜retino-retinal视黄醛retinol

18、视黄醇choroid脉络膜choroido-choroiditis脉络膜炎 注：chorion绒毛膜（拼写相近）ear/auris耳oto-otorhinolaryngology 耳鼻喉科学drum membrane鼓膜myringo-myringotomy鼓膜切开术tympanic/cavity鼓室tympano-tympanoplasty鼓室成形术tympanitic membrane鼓膜nose鼻rhino-rhinitis鼻炎naso-nasopharynx鼻咽sense/sensation感觉(a)esthesio-anesthesia麻醉注：aesthetic美学的（拼写相近）si

19、gnt/vision视觉-opiamyopia 近视-opsiaoscillopsia振动幻视hearing听觉acou-anacousia聋audio-audiometry听力检查法smell/olfaction嗅觉osmo-anosmia嗅觉缺失注：另义为“渗透”taste味觉-geusisageusia味觉缺失gusto-gustatory味觉的touch触觉hapto-haptic触觉的注：hepato- 肝/hepto-七（拼写相近）thigmo-thigmotaxis趋触性muscle/musculus肌肉myo-myocardial心肌的musculo-skeletal肌肉骨骼的

20、注：其他含“肌，肉”义的词或构词形：flesh； caro-，carnitine肉毒碱；sacro-，sacroma肉瘤；creato-，creatine肌酸；ino-，inotropic影响肌肉收缩力的bone/os骨osteo-osteoporosis骨质疏松症osseo-ossification骨化cartilage软骨chondro-chondrocyte软骨细胞注：choroido-绒毛膜（拼写相近）tendon肌腱tendo-tendosynovitis 腱鞘炎ligament韧带syndesmo-syndesmosis韧带联合desmo-desmoplasia结缔组织生成skul

21、l/cranium颅骨cranio-craniocerebral颅与脑的spine/spinal cord脊髓rachio-rachitic佝偻病的vertebra椎体spondylo-spondylitis脊椎炎vertebro-vertebrate有脊柱的disc/diskdisco-/disko-diskectomy椎间盘切除术sacrum骶骨sacro-sacrococcygeal骶尾的注：occyx尾骨（因形似杜鹃而得名）rib/costa肋骨costo-clavicular肋锁的costal cartilage肋软骨sternum胸骨sterno-sternocleidomasto

22、id胸锁乳突的clavicle锁骨cleido-cleidocranial锁骨颅骨的heel bonecalcaneus根骨calcaneo-fibular跟腓的ischium坐骨ischio-femoral坐骨股骨的注：ischo-闭止（拼写相近）joint关节arthro-arthritis关节炎 arthropod节肢动物synovia滑膜synovio-synovitis滑膜炎cellcorpuscle细胞cyto-cytochrome细胞色素 注：cysto-囊肿-cytecytotoxic T lymphocyte 细胞毒性T淋巴细胞-phil(e)neutropil嗜中性细胞bl

23、ast胚细胞blasto-blastocyst胚囊fibroblast成纤维细胞nucleus核karyo-type染色体组型nucleo-tide核苷酸 -side核苷-lus核仁 -lolus核仁小斑ribo-ribonucleic acid核糖核酸plasma原生质胞浆plasmo-plasmon细胞基因组织 plasma membrane 质膜-plastprotoplast原质型 endoplastic内质的colour染色chromo-chromosome染色体 chromatid染色单体 chromatin染色质注：autosome常染色体ploidy倍体-ploiddiploi

24、d二倍体 polyploid多倍体 aneuploid非整倍体haploid单倍体-valent价的-valentdivalent二价的monovalent单价的thread线mito-mitosis有丝分裂 mitochondrion线粒体-nemapachynema粗线期 zygonema偶线期注：-nema用于有丝分裂中的分期-tenepeptotene细线期 zygotene偶线期 pachytene粗线期diplotene双线期 注：-tene用于减数分裂I期中的进一步分期phase/stage期-phaseprophase前期 metaphase中期 anaphase后期 注：-p

25、hase 用语减数分裂II期中的进一步分期-centric/-mere着丝粒-centricpoly-centric多着丝粒的telo-末端telotelophase末期telomere端粒gene基因geno-genome基因组发生-genesisgameto-配子发生 carcinogenesis癌发生-genyprogeny后代 注：gony-膝（拼写相近）gamete配子gameto-gamo-（少用）gametocyte配子母细胞gamogony配子生殖monogamy一夫一妻制pheno-表型phenol-phenotype表型zygote合子zygo-heterozygote杂合

26、子homozygote纯合子zygoma颧骨 zygodactyl并指（趾）（畸形）tissue组织histo-histocompatibility组织相容性皮-thelium-thelia（复）epithelium上皮fat脂肪lipo-lipase脂肪酶lipoxygenase脱脂合酶adipo-fibroma脂肪纤维瘤adipose tissue脂肪组织steato-stearo-steatosis皮脂腺病stearic acid硬脂酸membrane/tunica膜membranetransmembranous跨膜的intramembranous膜内的tunicatunica vagi

27、nalis testis睾丸鞘膜layer/lamina层lamino-lamina propria 固有层fiber纤维fibro-ino-（少用）fibroblast成纤维细胞flesh肉sarco-sarcoma肉瘤carno-carnitine肉毒碱ino-inotropic影响肌收缩力creato-creatine kinase肌酸激酶striated muscle横纹肌rhabdomyo-sarcoma横纹肌肉瘤smooth muscle平滑肌leiomyo-leiomyoma平滑肌瘤注：lieo-回肠（拼写相近）cortex皮质cortico-corticosterone皮质酮m

28、arrow/medulla髓质medullo-medulloepithelioma鞘上皮瘤sheath鞘vagino-theco-（少用）vaginectomy睾丸鞘膜切除术node结nodulo-nodular goiter结节性甲状腺肿sinus窦antro-antroduodenal胃窦十二指肠注：andro-雄sino-sinoatrial心房的sick sinus syndrome病态窦房结综合症door/porta/hilumhilus门pyle-pylephlebitis门静脉炎porto-portography门静脉造影术portal hypertension门静脉高压注：py

29、le-多指门静脉/pyleo-多指肾盂/pyloro-幽门pore/foramen孔foramino-tomy椎间孔切开术trabecula小梁trabeculo-trabeculectomy小梁切除术lobe/leaf叶lobo-lobectomy叶切除术temporal lobe 颞叶cord索cordo-corditis精索炎wall壁/顶parieto-parietotemporal顶颞的nail甲onycho-onychosis甲病 注：oncho-肿瘤（拼写相近）blood/hemahemato-hematoma血肿-poiesis血细胞生成sangui-sanguine多血的he

30、mo-hemorrhage出血serum/whey血清oro-orosomucoid血清粘蛋白sero-serotonin血清素serotype血清型lymph淋巴lympho-lymphocyte淋巴细胞lymphokine淋巴因子注：nymph小阴唇milk/lac乳galacto-galactose半乳糖galactorrhea乳溢lacto-lactoferrin乳铁蛋白bile/chole/gall胆汁cholo-cholelithiasis胆石病bili-bilirubin胆红素spit/saliva唾液sialo-glycoprotein唾液酸糖蛋白sialic唾液（酸）的pty

31、alo-ptyalism涎分泌过多tear泪dacryo-dacryocystitis泪囊炎lacrimalacrimonasal泪鼻的chyle乳糜chylo-chylothorax乳糜性水胸chymopapain木瓜凝乳蛋白乳注：chyme食糜phlegm/mucus黏液blenno-blennadenitis黏液腺炎muco-mucous黏液的，分泌黏液的mucocele黏液囊肿（息肉）myxo-myxoma黏液瘤sweatperspirationdiaphoresis汗液hidro-hidradenitis汗腺炎sudo-sudomotor催汗的stool/feces/dung粪cop

32、ro-sterco-coproporphyrinogen粪卟呤原immune免疫immuno-immunoblotting免疫印记thymus胸腺thymo-thymine胸腺嘧啶注：另义为“情感、精神”spleen/lien脾spleno-splenectomy脾切除术allergyoversensitivityanaphylaxis过敏allegro-allergen过敏原anaphylatoxin过敏毒素life生物bio-biosynthesis生物合成vito-vitamin维生素vivo-in vivo在活体内plant植物botano-botany植物学phyto-phytohe

33、magglutinin 植物血细胞凝集素leaf/folium叶phyllo-phylloquinone叶绿醌注：folic acid叶酸tree/arbor树arboro-arborization（树状）分支root/radix根rhizo-rhizotomy脊神经跟切断术fruit果fructo-fructarian果食者nake裸gymno-gymnosperm裸子植物gymnasium体操馆（原意为to exercise naked裸体锻炼）animal动物zoo-zoology动物学fish鱼ichthyo-ichthyosis鱼鳞病注：ischo-闭止；ischio-坐骨bull牛

34、tauro-taurine牛磺酸spine/thorn棘刺acantho-acanthosis棘皮症echino-echinocyte棘红细胞insect昆虫entomo-entomology昆虫学human/ hominidman人anthropoanthropometry人体测量germ/bacterium细菌bacterio-bacteriology细菌学coccus球菌-coccopneumococcus肺炎球菌staphylococcus葡萄球菌streptokinase链球菌激酶escherichia大肠杆菌coli-colibacillosis大肠杆菌注：Theodor Esch

35、erich发现此菌，故名escherichia bacillus-ella菌人名+ellasalmonella沙门氏菌shigella志贺氏菌virus病毒-viridaeretroviridae逆转录病毒worm蠕虫-wormtapeworm绦虫eelworm线虫roundworm蛔虫athero-粥样athero-atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化注：arthro-关节；anthro-人类；atelo-发育不全（拼写相近）cavern空洞syringo-syringomyelia脊髓空洞症注：另义为“瘘”，“丁香花”（花茎可制笛）spitting咯-ptysishemoptysi

36、s咯血death死thanato-gnomonic死征euthanasia安乐死mortal-mortality死亡率necro-necrosis坏死tumor necrosis factor肿瘤坏死因子fever/pyrexia发热pyro-antipyretic退热的，解热剂febri-febrile热的，发热的inflammation炎症phlogo-phlogistic炎性的phlogotic炎性的-itishepatitis肝炎tumo(u)r/massneoplasm肿瘤onco-oncogene致癌基因注：-cele肿块，如varicocele精索静脉曲张tumori-tumor

37、igenesis肿瘤发生-omahepatoma肝细胞瘤neoplasio-neoplastic新生物瘤的cancer/carcinomamalignancy癌carcino-carcinogenesis癌发生prolapse下垂-ptosisptosis上睑下垂apoptosis细胞凋亡注：-ptysis咳、咯（拼写相近）pain/dolor/ache疼痛-algianeuralgia神经痛-odyniaosteodynia骨痛pus脓pyo-pyogenes酿脓注：pustular脓包的（词义区别）rupture/rhegma破裂-rrhexisamniorrhexis羊膜破裂stroke

38、/paralysispalsy麻痹瘫痪-plegiaparaplegia 截瘫-plexyapoplexy中风卒中stone/calculus结石litho-cholelithiasis胆结石注：biliary calculus胆结石vomiting 呕吐-emesis-emeticantiemetic抗呕吐的disease/illnessdisorder/sicknessmaladie疾病patho-pathogenesis发病机理-iaarrhythmia心律不齐noso-nosological疾病分类学的-igovertigo眩晕-iasispsoriasis牛皮癣schistosomi

39、asis血吸虫病morbido-morbidity发病，发病率-ismalcoholism酗酒-emiahypercholesterolemia高胆固醇血症-lepsyepilepsy癫痫-osisthrombosis血栓形成meter计表-meterspirometer呼吸量计；肺量计measurement测定-metrypelvimetry骨盆测量法lens镜-scopelaryngoscope喉镜-scopy镜检bronchoscopy支气管镜检查record/picture图像-gramelectrocardiogram心电图instrument描记器/图-graphelectroca

40、rdiograph心电图计recording描计术-graphyhysterosalpingography子宫输卵管照相术determination测定-assayradioimmunoassay放射免疫测定layer体层/断层tomo-lamino-（少用）tomographyX线断层照相术carry （携带）泳-phoresiselectrophoresis电泳physics物理physio-physiotherapy物理疗法movementmotionlocomotion运动moto-motoneuron运动神经元kinesio-kinesiology运动学kinetio-kinetic

41、s动力学 pharmocokinetics药物动力学scinti-闪烁scinti-scintigraphy闪烁法speed/ratevelocity速度veloci-velocimetry速度测量timechrono-chronologicaltempo-rospatial时空的length长度longi-longitudinalis纵的，纵肌height/altitude高度hypso-hypsarrhythmia高度节律失常density密度densito-densitometry密度测定法heat热thermo-thermometer温度计calori-calorimetry 侧热法p

42、yro-pyrogen致热原cold冷cryo-cryosurgery低温外科solid固体stereo-stereoagnosis实体缺失gas/vapour气体vaporo-vaporizer汽化器，喷雾器air空气aero-aerosol气溶胶，气雾剂physo-physostigmine毒扁豆碱light/lumen光photo-/phos-photosynthetic光合作用的phosgene光气voice/sound声音phonetics语音学sono-sonography超声描记术echo回声echo-echocardiography超声心动描记术electricity电elec

43、tro-electrophysiology电生理学current流rheo-rheology流变学magnet磁magneto-electromagnetic电磁的ray射线roentgeno-roentgenolucent可透X线的radio-radioisotope放射性核素strength/forcepower力dynamo-pharmacodynamic药效学的pressure压baro-baroreceptor压力感受器tension张力teno-tensor张肌weight/gravity重力gravio-graviometric比重测定的viscosity黏visco-visco

44、meter黏度计lancet刀-tomeosteotome骨凿注：lancet柳叶刀incision/sectionamputation切断术-tomylaparotomy剖腹术注：incision切口；section切开术（词义区别）excision/resectionremoval切除术-ectomycholecystectomy胆囊切除术注：resection,excision均义为“切除”opening造口术-stomygastrostomy胃造口术shape成形术-plastyarthroplasty关节成形术sew/suture/rhaphe缝合术-rraphyherniorrha

45、phy疝缝合术注：suture另义为“缝线”seam缝fixationimmobilization固定术-desisarthrodesis关节固定术-pexymastopexy乳房固定术loosening松解术-lysisarthrolysis关节松解术correction矫正术ortho-orthopedics矫形外科学puncture穿刺术-centesisthoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术环钻术trepo-trepanation环钻术cold冷冻cryo-cryosurgery低温外科注：crypto-隐性（拼写相近）plantation植术planto-transplantati

46、on移植术drug/medicine药pharmaco-pharmacology药理学treatment/remedytherapy疗法-therapychemotherapy化学疗法-mimetic拟parasympathomimetics拟副交感神经药物make/creative生成-poiesishematopoiesis血液生成receptor受体-receptorphotoreceptor光受体poison/toxin毒toxico-toxicology毒理学anesthesia麻醉narco-narcotic麻醉insula胰岛insulino-insulinoma胰岛瘤salic

47、yl水杨酸salicylo-salicylate水杨酸盐ergot麦角ergo-ergotamine麦角胺thymus麝香草thymo-thymol麝香草酚citric acid柠檬酸citro-citrate枸橼酸盐注：cistron顺反子（拼写相近）-mycin霉菌素-mycinmitomycin丝裂霉素enema灌肠-clysterenteroclysis灌肠注：enema灌肠剂agent剂-antadjuvant辅药-entsolvent溶剂-inecreatine肌酸cysteine半胱氨酸-ininsulin胰岛素-agogue催剂-agoguecholagogue利胆剂kille

48、r杀灭剂-cideinsecticide杀虫剂inhibitator抑制剂-staticbacteristatic抑菌药form/shape形状morpho-morphological形态学的-iformtransformation转化plane/planum平面plano-planimetry平面测量solid立体stereo-stereoisomer 立体异构体square方形quadri-quadratus方肌wheel/roller轮状trocho-trochlear滑车（神经的）rota-rotavirus轮状病毒ball/bulb/globe球sphero-hemisphere半球globo-globulin球蛋白cylinder圆柱cy