关系副词引导的定语从句.ppt

1、Unit5,Grammar,TheAttributiveClause,Theuseoftherelativepronoun(关系代词),口诀:定语从句三步：第一找出先行词第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）第三选择合适的关系词,1.Thisisall_Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.WhatC.whoD.whether2.Isthereanythingelse_youwant?A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what3.Thelastplace_wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it

2、,Choosethebestanswers:,4.Pleasetakethesecondchair_isoverthere.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.that,5.Isoxygentheonlygas_helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it,6.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepolice（NMET98)A.whichB.whatC.whateverD.that,7.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanweexpected.A.wh

3、atB.whichC.thatD.it,关系副词的用法,时间,时间状语,地点,地点状语,原因,原因状语,（一）关系副词where引导的定语从句。where引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place,factory,house,village等。例：Chinaistheonlycountrywherewildpandascanbefound.ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.,知识拓展：1.关系副词where引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词(in/on/at/under等)+which”引导的定语从句。Eg:Thehotelwherewesta

4、yedwasntclean.,Thehotelinwhichwestayedwasntclean.=Thehotelwhich/thatwestayedinwasntclean.,ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,=ThehouseinwhichLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.,2.若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句，而不用where来引导。,Thelibrarythat/whichyouvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1990.,

5、3.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,stage,condition和case,position等表示抽象意义的词，常用where/prep+which引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中”。,例：IvecometothepointwhereIcantstandhim.,【典型例题】1.Itshelpfultoputchildreninasituation_theycanseethemselvesdifferently.A.thatB.whenC.whichD.where,2.Lifeislikealongrace_wecompetewithotherstogobeyon

6、dourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where,3.IhavereachedapointinmylifeIamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.A.whichB.whereC.howD.why,4.TheywillflytoWashington,_theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.when,when引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示时间的名词，如time,day,hour,year等。例：ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasavery

7、difficultperiodofmylife.,（二）关系副词when引导的定语从句,先行词是time时,若time是作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导的定语从句，that可以省略。Thisisthesecondtime(that)thepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.Icouldhardlyrememberhowmanytimes(that)Ivefailed.若time作”一段时间，时代”讲时，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which引导的定语从句Thiswasatatimewhen/duingwhichtherewasnoradios,

8、notelephonesornoTVs.,1.Thisisthesecondtime_Ihavebeenhere.2.Canyoustillrememberthetime_wespenttogetherinourchildhood.3.Thefirsttime_hesawher,hefellinlovewithher.(1.that/不填2.that/which3.that/不填),4)Wearelivinginaage_manythingsaredoneontheInternet.A.WhichB.ThatC.WhoseD.when,知识拓展：1.关系副词when引导的定语从句也可以转换为“

9、介词(in/at/on/during)+which”引导的定语从句。Istillrememberthetimewhen(duringwhich)Ilivedinthecountryside.,2.若定语从句的先行词是时间，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Illneverforgetthetimethat/whichIspentoncampus.Illneverforgetthetimethat/whichwasspentwithyou.,1.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,daysaregone_local5-starhotelscharg

10、ed6,000yuanforonenight.A.ifB.whenC.whichD.since,2.Wewentthroughaperiod_communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich,3.Occasionsarequiterare_Ihavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhyD.When,（三）关系副词why引导的定语从句。why引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词，如：excuse;explanation;r

11、eason等。例：ThereasonwhyhedidntcometothepartyisthathedidntwanttoseeJane.,Wecantaccepttheexcusewhyyouwereabsent.Thisistheexplanationwhytheyputoffthemeeting.,知识拓展：1.关系副词why引导的定语从句可以转换为“for+which”引导的定语从句。Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)Ididntcomehere.,2.若定语从句的先行词是reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用which或that引导定语从句。Thereas

12、onthat/whichshegavemewasnottrue.,即学即用1)Thereason_hedidntcomewasthathewasill.2)Thereasonheexplainedisnottrue.,why,that/which,3)Thereason_hewasabsentwas_hehadabadcold.A.When,becauseB.When,whyC.WhybecauseD.Whythat,(四)Way后接定语从句的情况,way后面的定语从句的引导词有which/inwhich/that/不填，如：IrecognizedhesfromAustraliafromthe

13、way_hespeaks.,inwhich(that/不填),填上合适的关系词并分析原因：1.Theway_heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.,that/which/不填,that/inwhich/不填,缺状语,缺宾语,缺少主语或宾语:,引导词用that/which/不填(缺宾语时),主语宾语都不缺:,引导词用that/inwhich/不填,1.Idontliketheway_youlaughather.Inwhich/that/不填,（四）判

14、断关系代词与关系副词,1.Thisisthemountainvillage_Ivisitedlastyear.2.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedlastyear.3.Thisisthemountainvillage_Istayedinlastyear.,that/which,where,that/which/不填,介词可后移，此时关系代词可以省略,Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebookwhich/that/不填youaskedfor.但是有些固定动词短语不能拆开，介词不能提前，只能能够放在动词的后面Eg.Thi

15、sisXuJingleislatestmovie(which/that)sheislookingfor.,1.Isthismuseum_youvisitedafewdaysago?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone2.Isthisthemuseum_theexhibitionwasheld?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone,归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词(who,whom,that,which,whose)；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where地点状语，when时间

16、状语，why原因状语)。,“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,介词后的关系代词只能是which（指物）whom（指人）,介词选择的三原则：,一介词根据从句谓语动词的搭配习惯而确定onwhichIspent5yuan.forwhichIpaid5yuan.ThisisthebookfromwhichIlearntalot.aboutwhichTomoftentalks,二.介词根据先行词的搭配习惯而确定,IrememberthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.thedaysduringwhichIlivedhere.themonthinwhicIstayedthere.,三.介

17、词根据从句所表达的意义而确定,Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcantplaycomputergames,crashedyesterday.Learningacountryscultureislikeopeningawindow,throughwhichyoucanknowaboutthatcountrybetter.,四.当表示所有关系或是整体中的一部分时，常用ofwhich/whom引导定语从句,Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomaredoctors.Thisisthehouse,thewindowsofwhich(whosewindow)arev

18、erybeautiful.,五.介词短语+关系代词,常见短语：atthefootof;atthebakeof;infrontof;onthetopofEg:Theystayedinabighotel,infrontofwhichwasagarden.,六.名词（代词/数词）+of+关系代词,该结构一般引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中一般做主语Eg;Thebuildinghadbeenrepaired,theroofofwhichwasdestroyedagaininthebigfire.,七.介词+whose,在定语从句中做定语，修饰其后的名词Eg:Sheistheverypersoninwho

19、sepocketIfoundmylostwatch.,1.Guncontrolisasubject_Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.OfwhichB.WithwithC.AboutwhichD.Intowhich,2.ThehouseIgrewup_hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.InitB.InC.InthatD.Inwhich,3.Tomreceivedtraininginacomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.AfterthatB.A

20、fterwhichC.AfteritD.Afterthis,4.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous,_wegavesomebellsandglasses.A.towhichB.towhomC.withwhomD.Withthat,5.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenWindows,mostof_hadntbeencleanedfortenyears.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which,as引导定语从句,在定语从句中，一般的从句关系代词是which、who

21、、whom、that、whose,其代替主句中的人或物，在从句中做主语、宾语或定语。一、as引导限制性定语从句主要结构有：thesameasasassuchassoas主句中出现thesame,as,such,so修饰先行词，需选择as做关系代词在定语从句中做主语或宾语。,1.Itsthesamepersonaswewantedtofindyesterday.我们昨天要找的是同一个人。2.SuchgirlsasheknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所认识的女孩都擅长英语。3.Doyouhavesuchbooksaswelike?你有我们喜欢那种书吗？4.Shewillmarryas

22、healthyamanasshecanfind.她将嫁给她能找到的任何一个有钱人。,5.Thereissowarmahouseaswewanttolivein.这里有如此暖和的房子，我们都想住在里面。6.Hehassodifficultaproblem,asnoneofuscansolve.他有如此难的一个问题，我们没有人能解决。,二、引导非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句内容，从句可置于句首，句中或句尾1Aseveryoneknows,Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。2The

23、earth,asweknow,movesroundthesun.地球，我们都知道，围着太阳转。3Tomworkshardandiswillingtohelpothers,asweallknow.汤母工作努力，并且乐于助人，这一点我们都知道。,非限制性定语从句中的谓语为被动式时，常用as做主语besaid/known/announced/reported/mentioned/expected/discussedGrammar,ashasbeensaidbefore,isnotasetofdeadrules.语法，就像以前所说，不是一套死规则。Asisknowntoall,TaiWanisapar

24、tofChina.,as引导非限制性定语从句，有“如，似，正像”的含义，因此，下列句式多用asashasbeensaidabove如上所说asanybodycansee正像每个人所看到的那样aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样Theboyhasasmuchprogressaswehadexpected.正像我们所预料的那样，这个男孩取得了大的进步。,定语从句与其他从句的比较1.非限制性定语从句和单句/并列句的比较Hehastwosons.Bothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,andbothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons

25、;bothof_areteachers.（句）Hehastwosons,bothof_areteachers.（句）A.themB.whom,A,简单,A,A,并列,并列,B,定语从,分析：注意标点符号和是否有连词是区分定语从句、简单句和并列句的一个关键。,2.as引导的非限制性定语从句与it引导的句子Theearthisround,and_isknowntoall._isknowntoall,theearthisround._isknowntoallthattheearthisround.A.(I)itB.A(a)s,A,B,A,3.定语从句和状语从句(1)Thisissuchabigsto

26、ne_noonecanliftit.（从句）Thisissuchabigstone_noonecanlift.（从句）,状语,that,as,定语,分析：从引导词来看，状语从句中的that是连词，在从句中不充当任何成分，而定语从句中的as在从句中要作一个成分（主语，宾语或表语）。,(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawerwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）Pleaseputtheletterwherehecaneasilyfindit.（从句）,定语,状语,总结：where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。,4.when引导的定语从

27、句与强调句句型。ItwasOctober_wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）ItwasinOctober_wemetinBeijingforthefirsttime.（句）,when,that,定语从,强调,总结：强调句句型：Itis/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分，去掉Itis/wasthat/who,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成分。,解题技巧：1.通读全句。首先判断是什么句型。2.题干句如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。3.分析从句的句子结构，在定语从句中，缺什么，就补什么：缺主语或宾语，用关系代词；缺状语，用关系副词4

28、.注意标点符号和题干中是否存在并列连词and,but等。,即学即用：1)Yesterdaymyphysicsteachersetsuchadifficultexamproblem_noneofusworkedout.A.thatB.asC.sothatD.which,B,2)HereareplayersfromJapan,someof_areouroldfriends.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.them,C,3)Itwaselevenoclock_theywentoutofthecinema.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich,C,1.Illneverfo

29、rgetthedays_weworkedtogether.2.Illneverforgetthedays_wespenttogether.3.Iwenttotheplace_Iworkedtenyearsago.,when/inwhich,which,where/inwhich,几种易混的情况,及物动词,4.Iwenttotheplace_Ivisitedtenyearsago.5.Thisisthereason_hewaslate.6.Thisisthereason_hegave.,which,why/forwhich,that/which,及物动词,及物动词,1.Lastweek,0nly

30、twopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_wantedtobuythem.A.NoneofthemB.BothofthemC.NoneofwhomD.Neitherofwhom,Themanpulledoutagoldenwatch,-_weremadeofsmalldiamonds.A.ThehandsofwhomB.WhomthehandsofC.WhichthehandsofD.Thehandsofwhich,Thenewlybuiltcafe,thewallsof_arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,es

31、peciallyafterhardwork.A.ThatB.ItC.whatD.which,Thatsthenewmachian_partsaretoosmalltobeseen.A.ThatB.WhichC.WhoseD.what,Youwillfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation_youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.A.WhichB.WhereC.whenD.as,JuliewasgoodatGerman,French,andRussian,allof_shespokefluently.A.WhoB.WhomC.WhichD.that,(2011四川高考)Thatevening,_Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.AwhichBthatCwhenDwhat,(2011陕西高考)Iwalkeduptothetopoft