备战2025年高考英语二轮复习专题1：阅读理解 第1讲 17大技法突破阅读理解4题型课件

第1讲17大技法突破阅读理解4题型WPS,aclicktounlimitedpossibilities汇报人：目录索引01题型一细节理解题02题型二推理判断题03题型三词句猜测题04题型四主旨大意题专题概览考情表解

卷别

题型

2024新课标Ⅰ卷2023新课标Ⅰ卷2022新高考Ⅰ卷2024新课标Ⅱ卷2023新课标Ⅱ卷2022新高考Ⅱ卷细节理解题476759推理判断题967683主旨大意题111111词句猜测题111112命题趋势趋势1文本语境复杂化,题材专业化阅读理解C篇和D篇往往是一套试题中最难的,文体一般以社科类说明文和科普类说明文为主,今年的试题文本注入了更多考生不熟悉的新话题、新理念,涉及心理学、哲学、历史学等专业性更强的素材,信息理解难度增加。未来高考阅读试题将会继续出现文学、艺术、历史、经济、科技等主题情境中专业性较强的文章。趋势2课标词汇派生词、熟词新义频现,阅读难度陡增阅读文本及选项中越来越多地出现平时使用频率较低的词汇(通过构词法合成或派生而来的新词、熟词新义、课标外拓展词等),加大了语篇阅读的难度,仅掌握课标词汇的音、形、义、用法和搭配已不能满足备考需求,需转向词汇的深度学习,如构词法、词源义等。趋势3聚焦长难句、逻辑思维,凸显考查深层理解能力鉴于高考阅读文本内容越来越专业,为了更好地将主旨表达清楚,长难句今后很可能变成较难文章的标配。题型一细节理解题01题型特点设问方式细节理解题相对比较简单,但在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重,常分为直接信息题、间接信息题及数字计算题。直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点,其他都为低频考点。1.特殊疑问句形式。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。2.填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom

.

技法1直接信息题——题干定位法

[典例](2024全国甲卷,A)EachARTSFIRSTfestivalisauniqueannualcelebrationoftheHarvardcommunity’sartisticcreativity.WeinviteyoutojoinusforthecomingARTSFIRST.WelookforwardtowelcomingyouasweshowcasethecreativityoftheHarvardartscommunitythroughperformances,artexhibitionsandart-makingactivities.ThefestivalisapubliceventforHarvardandcommunitymembersofallages.Light

Awash

in

WatercolorLearnaboutthematerialsandqualitiesofwatercolorpaintwithexpertsfromtheHarvardArtMuseumsMaterialsLab.TryyourhandatsomeofthepaintingtricksusedbyartistswhoseworkswillbeintheupcomingexhibitionofAmerican

Watercolors,1880-1990:Into

the

Light.Spineless

Artists:Invertebrate

CreativityFromwebstococoons,invertebrates(无脊椎动物)createsomeofnature’smostdelicateandbeautifuldesigns.JoinJavierMarinfromtheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistorytolearnhowinsectsandotherinvertebratesdance,inspirefashionandcreateart,whilemakingyourownspinelessartistsoutofcraft(手工艺)materials....23.WhatcanyoudotogetherwithJavierMarin?A.Practiceatraditionaldance.B.Makehandcrafts.C.Visitalocalmuseum.D.Feedinvertebrates. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:JavierMarin第二步查找定位到原文:根据小标题

Spineless

Artists:Invertebrate

Creativity下的段落中“JoinJavierMarinfromtheHarvardMuseumofNaturalHistorytolearnhowinsectsandotherinvertebratesdance,inspirefashionandcreateart,whilemakingyourownspinelessartistsoutofcraft(手工艺)materials.”可知,JavierMarin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此,可以确定你可以和JavierMarin一起制作手工艺品。[自主解答]

B▶设题特点直接信息题常设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。▶图解技法技法2间接信息题——同义转换法[典例](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C)Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心态)andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent....Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents’attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:audioandvideo,increasingly,universityteachers第二步查找定位到原文:根据题干信息锁定到“Audio(音频)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.”。A项是对信息区间的同义描述,即因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人,所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。holdstudents’attention是engaging的同义替换。[自主解答]

A▶设题特点相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。▶设问方式1.Accordingtotheauthor/passage...2.Whatcanwelearnabout...?▶图解技法技法3数字计算题——整合推算法[典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,A)Bike

Rental

&

Guided

ToursWelcometoAmsterdam,welcometoMacBike.Youseemuchmorefromtheseatofabike!Cyclingisthemosteconomical,sustainableandfunwaytoexplorethecity,withitsbeautifulcanals,parks,squaresandcountlesslights.YoucanalsobikealonglovelylandscapesoutsideofAmsterdam.... Prices

HandBrake,ThreeGearsFootBrake,NoGears1hour€7.50€5.003hours€11.00€7.501day(24hours)€14.75€9.75Eachadditionalday€8.00€6.0022.Howmuchdoyoupayforrentingabikewithhandbrakeandthreegearsfortwodays?A.€15.75.

B.€19.50.C.€22.75. D.€29.50.▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:Howmuchdoyoupayfor...?第二步查找定位到原文:根据题干信息锁定到文本的定价表。根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。[自主解答]

C▶设题特点数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when,inwhichyear,howmany/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。▶图解技法技法4概括信息题——归纳概括法[典例](2023全国乙卷,A)

JacquelineFelicedeAlmania(c.1322)highlightsthesuspicionthatwomenpracticingmedicinefaced.BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.In1322shewastriedforpracticingunlawfully.Inspiteofthecourthearingtestimonials(证明)ofherabilityasadoctor,shewasbannedfrommedicine.

JamesBarry(c.1789—1865)wasbornMargaretBulkleyinIrelandbut,dressedasaman,shewasacceptedbyEdinburghUniversitytostudymedicine.Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813,andthenjoinedtheBritishArmy,servingoverseas.Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.21.WhatdidJacquelineandJameshaveincommon?A.Doingteachingjobs.B.Beinghiredasphysicians.C.Performingsurgery.D.Beingbannedfrommedicine.▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:JacquelineandJames第二步查找定位到原文:根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。通过文章JacquelineFelicedeAlmania部分中的“BorntoaJewishfamilyinFlorence,shemovedtoPariswheresheworkedasaphysicianandperformedsurgery.”以及JamesBarry部分中的“Shequalifiedasasurgeonin1813”和“Barryretiredin1859,havingpracticedherentiremedicalprofessionlivingandworkingasaman.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。[自主解答]

C▶设题特点概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。▶设问方式Whatcanwesay/knowabout...?Whatdo...haveincommon?What’sthedifference...?▶图解技法课堂应用A(2023全国乙卷,B)LivinginIowaandtryingtobecomeaphotographerspecializinginlandscape(风景)canbequiteachallenge,mainlybecausethecornstatelacksgeographicalvariation.AlthoughlandscapesintheMidwesttendtobequitesimilar,eitherfarmfieldsorhighways,sometimesIfinddistinctivecharacterinthehillsorlakes.Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.IoftenleaveearlytoseektherightdestinationssoIcansetupearlytoavoidmissingthemomentIamattemptingtophotograph.Ihavemissedplentyofbeautifulsunsets/sunrisesduetobeingonthespotonlyfiveminutesbeforethebestmoment.OnetimemyfriendsandIdrovethreehourstoDevil’sLake,Wisconsin,toclimbthepurplequartz(石英)rockaroundthelake.Afterwefoundacrazy-lookingroadthathungoverabunchofrocks,wedecidedtophotographthesceneatsunset.Thepositionenabledustolookoverthelakewiththesunsetinthebackground.Wemanagedtoleavethisspottoclimbhigherbecauseofthesparetimeuntilsunset.However,wedidnotmarktheroute(路线)soweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.Oncewefoundtheplace,itwasstressfulgettinglightsandcamerassetupinthelimitedtime.Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者不畏艰险,拍摄出高质量的风景照的故事。1.How

does

the

author

deal

with

the

challenge

as

a

landscape

photographer

in

the

Midwest?A.Byteamingupwithotherphotographers.B.Byshootinginthecountrysideorstateparks.C.Bystudyingthegeographicalconditions.D.Bycreatingsettingsinthecornfields.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“Tomakesomeofmylandscapeshots,Ihavetravelleduptofourhoursawaytoshootwithin10-minutetimeframe.Itendtotravelwithafewofmyfriendstostateparksortothecountrysidetogoonadventuresandtakephotosalongtheway.”可知,为了拍摄一些风景照片,作者经常和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险,沿途拍照。故选B项。2.What

is

the

key

to

successful

landscape

photography

according

to

the

author?A.Propertimemanagement.B.Goodshootingtechniques.C.Adventurousspirit.D.Distinctivestyles.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Beingattherightplaceattherighttimeisdecisiveinanystyleofphotography.”可知,作者认为,成功拍照的关键在于,在正确的时间出现在正确的地点,即适当的时间管理。故选A项。3.Whatcanweinferfromtheauthor’stripwithfriendstoDevil’sLake?A.Theywentcrazywiththepurplequartzrock.B.Theyfeltstressedwhilewaitingforthesunset.C.Theyreachedtheshootingspotlaterthanexpected.D.Theyhadproblemswiththeirequipment.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段第五句“However,wedidnotmarktheroutesoweendedupalmostmissingthesunsetentirely.”可知,作者他们险些错过了日落,即到达拍摄地点比预计的晚了一些。故选C项。4.HowdoestheauthorfindhisphotostakenatDevil’sLake?A.Amusing.

B.Satisfying.C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Still,lookingbackonthephotos,theyaresomeofmybestshotsthoughtheycouldhavebeensomuchbetterifIwouldhavebeenpreparedandmanagedmytimewisely.”可知,尽管作者认为还有些缺憾,但照片拍得还是不错的,作者对此感到很满意。故选B项。B(2024新课标Ⅰ卷,D)IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshavecollectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anewStanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofamobileapplication,”saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyintheStanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences.“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfromphysicalspecimens(标本),andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspeciesarerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?”Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtestedhowwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias(使有偏差)data,likethegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,”saidDaru.Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethepeoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheirencounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveoreye-catchingfeatures.Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?“Quitealot,”Daruexplained.“Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampledareasandleadthemtoplaces—andevenspecies—thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityofobservationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheiruploadedimage.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究显示,生物多样性记录存在偏差,建议使用专家确认和引导采样人员记录较少关注的区域和物种以提高数据质量。5.What

do

we

know

about

the

records

of

species

collected

now?A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andotherdigitalrecords.”可知,现在生物多样性的记录主要是以照片、视频和其他电子形式存在的。6.WhatdoesDaru’sstudyfocuson?A.Threatenedspecies. B.Physicalspecimens.C.Observationaldata. D.Mobileapplications.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomesfrom...Aretheyusable?”和第三段可知,Daru主要研究的是观测数据。7.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段Daru的话和第五段可知,收集生物采样数据的人,对于采样区域、采样时段以及采样物种的选择有一定的主观性,这些不当的采样方式导致收集到的数据产生偏差。8.WhatisDaru’ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.答案D解析推理判断题。根据最后一段Daru的解释,生物多样性应用程序可以根据研究结果来告知用户哪些区域被过度采样,并引导他们关注那些采样不足的地区和物种,鼓励他们让专家确认上传样本图片中的物种名称。由此可知,他的建议是为采样人员提供指导。题型二推理判断题02推理判断题属于高层次阅读理解题。解答该类题目时一定要从整体上把握语篇内容,在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息之间架起桥梁,透过字里行间,体会作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在进行推断时,要据文推理、合情推理,不可脱离原文主观臆断。高考对推理判断题的考查形式包括以下几种:隐含推断题、观点态度题、写作手法题、写作意图题、文章出处/类别题和作者身份/读者对象题。技法1隐含推断题——据文推理法[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,C)Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksoftravelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer’smarketsareasolidchoicetoreducethejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensitevenmore.BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyoffreshgreens....Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereit’seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there’snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Insidetheoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,”saidaBMFemployee.30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:BMFemployees第二步查找定位到原文:根据题干信息锁定到文本的最后一段。根据最后一段“BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.”及“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment...”可推知员工具有强烈的环保意识。[自主解答]

D▶设题特点隐含推断题要求考生根据文中的信息进行合理的、适度的逻辑推断,推断出作者没有直接说明的内容,可能会发生的事情,理解作者的言外之意等。考生只有正确把握文章的内在关系,理解关键词句的真正含义,才可能作出准确的推断。此类题目的题干主要包括六个动词:infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),conclude(得出结论)和assume(假定,设想)。▶图解技法技法2观点态度题——忠于措辞法[典例](2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,D)Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重视)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:thepopularizationofemotionalintelligence第二步查找定位到原文:根据选段第一句中的“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知,作者认为情商的普及整体上利大于弊。由此可推知,作者对于情商的普及持支持态度。[自主解答]

A▶设题特点所谓作者的观点和态度,就是作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类:支持、赞同、乐观;客观、中立;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此,在推断过程中应特别注意文中作者的措辞,尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对某事所持的态度、观点或看法,或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。▶图解技法技法3写作手法题——行文逻辑法[典例](2021八省联考卷阅读,C)Twobasicmagictricksaremakingobjectsseemtoappearandmakingobjectsseemtodisappear.Acombinationofthesetwotricksmakesforsomeinterestingeffects.Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagician,employingquickhandmovementsoramechanicaldevice,hidesoneball.Whiledoingthishetalkstotheaudienceandwavesabrightlycolouredclothwithonehand.Theaudienceistoobusywatchingtheclothandlisteningtothemagician’swordstonoticethathisotherhandishidingtheball.Anotherfavouritetrickistocutorburnsomething,andthenmakeitappearwholeagain.Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.Thenhe“magically”makesitappearwholeagainbydisplaying(展示)anotherobjectthathasnotbeencutorburned.30.Whatdoestheauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Providingexamples.

B.Makingasummary.C.Drawingcomparisons. D.Explainingaconcept. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干中关键词:theauthorfocusoninthelasttwoparagraphs第二步查找定位到原文:根据关键词定位信息句“Forexample,themagicianputsasmallballunderoneofseveralcups.Theballthenseemstojumpfromonecuptoanotherortochangecolour.”和“Whatactuallyhappensisthatthemagicianmakesthecutorburnedobjectdisappearbyquicklyhidingitwhiletheaudiencewatchessomethingelse.”可知,作者在举例子。[自主解答]

A▶图解技法技法4写作意图题——文体特点法[典例](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D)GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAI

by

Design:A

Plan

for

Living

with

Artificial

Intelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(变革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代码)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.AswesooncometolearnfromAI

by

Design,AIisalreadysuper-smartandwillbecomemorecapable,movingfromthecurrentgenerationof“narrow-AI”toArtificialGeneralIntelligence.Fromthere,Campbellsays,willcomeArtificialDominantIntelligence.ThisiswhyCampbellhassetouttoraiseawarenessofAIanditsfuturenow—severaldecadesbeforethesedevelopmentsareexpectedtotakeplace.Shesaysitisessentialthatwekeepcontrolofartificialintelligence,orriskbeingsidelinedandperhapsevenworse.Campbell’spointistowakeupthoseresponsibleforAI—thetechnologycompaniesandworldleaders—sotheyareonthesamepageasalltheexpertscurrentlydevelopingit.Sheexplainsweareata“tippingpoint”inhistoryandmustactnowtopreventanextinction-leveleventforhumanity.WeneedtoconsiderhowwewantourfuturewithAItopanout.Suchstructuredthinking,followedbyglobalregulation,willenableustoachievegreatnessratherthanourdownfall.AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonebookonthesubject,thisisit.35.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.TorecommendabookonAI.B.TogiveabriefaccountofAIhistory.C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert. ▶解题之门第一步锁定题干关键词:purpose,writingthetext第二步浏览全文,了解大意:第一段:介绍新书《人工智能设计》第二段:介绍本书作者的背景第三、四段:概述书中的主要论点、观点及意义第五段:进行总结,再次强烈推荐这本书。[自主解答]

A▶设题特点各种文体的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的题。通常情况下,作者在文中不直接陈述自己的写作目的,而是通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。所以,这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进行总结和分析的能力。▶图解技法技法5文章出处题/写作对象题——体裁内容法[典例](2023新课标Ⅱ卷,C)Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Loversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld...Inthis“bookofbooks,”artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures....Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubjectFroma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader...28.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anintroductiontoabook.B.Anessayontheartofwriting.C.Aguidebooktoamuseum.D.Areviewofmodernpaintings. ▶解题之门推理判断题考查对文章出处的推断。根据第一段的第一句“Reading

Art:Art

for

Book

Loversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld...”以及第二段的第一句“Inthis‘bookofbooks,’...”可知,文章描述了这本书的主题和内容,很有可能是一本书的序言或者简介。[自主解答]

▶设题特点文章出处题要求考生具备一定的常识,能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。写作对象推断题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的写作对象。A▶图解技法课堂应用A(2024全国甲卷,C)TheSaintLukastraindoesn’tacceptpassengers—itacceptsonlythesick.TheSaintLukasisoneoffivegovernment-sponsoredmedicaltrainsthattraveltoremotetownsincentralandeasternRussia.Eachstoplastsanaverageoftwodays,andduringthattimethedoctorsandnursesonboardproviderural(乡村)populationswithbasicmedicalcare,X-rayscansandprescriptions.“Peoplestartedqueuingtomakeanappointmentearlyinthemorning,”saysEmileDucke,aGermanphotographerwhotraveledwiththestaffoftheSaintLukasforatwo-weektripinNovemberthroughthevastregions(区域)ofKrasnoyarskandKhakassia.Russia’spublichealthcareservicehasbeeninseriousneedofmodernization.Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,particularlyinthepoorer,ruralareaseastoftheVolgaRiver,includingarrangingdoctor’sappointmentsbyvideochatandexpandingfinancialaidprogramstomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.TheannualarrivaloftheSaintLukasisanotherattempttoimprovethesituation.For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock(补给).Thenitstartsalloveragainthenextmonth.Moststationswaitaboutayearbetweenvisits.Doctorsseeupto150patientseveryday.Thetrain’sequipmentallowsforbasiccheckups.“Iwasveryimpressedbythedoctorsandtheirassistantsworkingandlivinginsuchlittlespacebutstillstayingfocusedandveryconcerned,”saysDucke.“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了俄罗斯政府为解决偏远地区医疗资源不足的问题而运营的SaintLukas医疗车。1.HowistheSaintLukasdifferentfromothertrains?A.Itrunsacrosscountries.B.Itreservesseatsfortheseniors.C.Itfunctionsasahospital.D.Ittravelsalongariver.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第一段可知,SaintLukas列车只允许病人乘坐,是政府资助的一辆医疗列车,列车上的医生和护士为乡村人口提供基本的医疗服务。因此,该列车与其他列车的不同之处在于它的作用相当于一家医院。2.What

can

we

infer

from

paragraph

3

about

Krasnoyarsk?A.Itisheavilypopulated.B.Itofferstrainingfordoctors.C.Itisamoderncity.D.Itneedsmedicalaid.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Thegovernmenthasstruggledtocomeupwithmeasurestoaddresstheproblem,...tomotivatedoctorstopracticemedicineinremotepartsofthecountrylikeKrasnoyarsk.”可知,政府激励医生在克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远地区行医。由此推测,克拉斯诺亚尔斯克需要医疗援助。3.HowlongcantheSaintLukasworkwithonesupply?A.Aboutayear.

B.Abouttenmonths.C.Abouttwomonths. D.Abouttwoweeks.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For10monthseveryyear,thetrainstopsatabouteightstationsovertwoweeks,beforereturningtotheregionalcapitaltorefuelandrestock.”可知,该列车会在大约八个站点停留两周多,然后返回补充燃料和进行补给。由此可知,该列车进行一次补给后可工作大约两周。4.What

is

Ducke’s

attitude

toward

the

Saint

Lukas’

services?A.Appreciative. B.Doubtful.C.Ambiguous. D.Cautious.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中Ducke说的话“Iwasveryimpressed...”以及“Theywerethebestchanceformanyruralpeopletogetthetreatmenttheywant.”可知,Ducke对该列车的服务持赞赏的态度。B(2023新课标Ⅱ卷,D)Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou’relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit’sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonline