人教版2025年八年级英语下册 考点清单03 动词不定式和动词短语【讲练合一】

专题03动词不定式和动词短语的用法动词不定式一、基本用法1.动词不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，使用时有时可以不带to，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，to本身无意义，动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。2.动词不定式的否定形式（1）动词不定式（短语）做主语动词不定式（短语）在句中做主语时，一般位于句首，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数，有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.学外语很有用。Ithinkit’snecessaryforustoreadalot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。（2）动词不定式（短语）做表语动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。（3）动词不定式（短语）做宾语动词不定式（短语）做宾语有两种情况：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另—种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。”Ihopetoseeyoutomorrow.我希望明天见到你。注意其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：想要，拒绝，忘记（want,refuse,forget）需要，努力，学习（need,try,learn）选择，同意，帮助（choose,agree,help）希望，决定，开始（hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）（4）动词不定式（短语）做宾语补足语常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,teach,allow,promise,order,advise,expect,wish,invite,encourage,make,warn,help等。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。（5）动词不定式（短语）做定语动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？你想要些吃的吗？—Yes,please.好的。注意动词不定式（短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。Theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.这位老人没有房子住。（6）动词不定式（短语）做状语动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。I’mveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.很高兴收到你的来信。二、特殊用法1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况：（1）Itis+名词+todosth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保护环境是我们的责任。（2）Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourhomework？你花了多长时间完成作业？（3）Itis+形容词（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/ofsb.）+todosth.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.你那样做很聪明。2.feel,find,make,think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式主语，把不定式后移。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很难。3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。（1）在使役动词have,make,let之后。Hismothermakeshimsweepthefloor.他妈妈让他扫地。（2）在感官动词（短语）feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后。Didyounoticeherleavetheroom？她离开房间时你注意到了吗？（3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。Heoftenhelpsme（to）learnmaths.他经常帮助我学数学。（4）在一些固定搭配中，如“hadbetterdosth.”，“Whynotdosth.？”，“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”等。1．—Myteacheradvisesme________harderatPhysics.—Yes,youshould.Oryou’llfail________themonthlytest.A．work;topass B．towork;topass C．towork;pass D．work;pass2．Thismorning,Lindaagreed________tothelibrarywithmeafterschool.A．go B．togo C．going D．went3．Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,anumberofpeoplechoose________toworkbysubway.A．went B．goes C．going D．togo4．Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting______.A．attend B．wouldattend C．attending D．toattend5．Thisisthebestway________allkindsofplants.A．grow B．togrow C．aboutgrowing D．ingrowing6．—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme________onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A．togo B．going C．go D．went7．Iadviseyou________anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.A．tothrow B．throwing C．nottothrow D．notthrowing8．Hemadeus________bymakingfaces.A．tolaugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed9．—Maryisverygenerous.—Yes,shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned________peopleinneed.A．tohelp B．tohelping C．helped D．helping10．________ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.A．Realizing B．Torealize C．Realized D．Havingrealized11．—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore________pencils.A．tobuy B．forbuying C．buy D．buying12．—Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofvirus(病毒).—Youareright.Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.A．prevent B．toprevent C．preventing D．prevents13．Thetwotoysarebothniceandit’sreallyhardforthekid________.A．choice B．choose C．choosing D．tochoose14．________important________ustoexerciseourbrains.A．That’s;for B．It’s;for C．That’s;of D．It’s;of15．Whathesaidwas________difficultforus________understand.A．so;that B．to;to C．too;to D．such;that16．Thispassageisnot________foryou________understand.A．easyenough;for B．enougheasy;for C．easyenough;to D．enougheasy;to17．Pleaseasktheman________inthehall.A．tonotsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．tonotsmoking18．Mr.Linmademydad________,becauseitisbadforhishealth.A．don’tsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．notsmoke19．Jennyisgoingtothesupermarket.Andsheisaskinghermotherwhat________fortoday’sdinner.A．isbuying B．buyC．bought D．tobuy20．Theguestshaven’tdecidedwhichhotel________.A．tostay B．tostayfor C．tostaying D．tostayin基础训练提升训练1．（23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中）Itisdangerousforyou________theplug(插座)withwethands.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．totouching2．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末）It’simportant______us______hardandachieveourdreams.A．for;working B．for;towork C．of;working D．of;towork3．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—Lookattherubbish.It’scareless________you________ithere.—Sorry.Iwillpickituprightaway.A．for,toleave B．of,toleave C．for;leaving D．of;leaving4．（23-24八年级上·天津和平·期中）Tomhopes________agoodstudentinhisclass.Buthisfatherwishes________agoodhealth.A．tobe;tohave B．himtobe;himtohave C．tobe;himtohave D．himtobe;tohave5．（23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末）AfterwatchingJiaLing’snewfilmYOLO(《热辣滚烫》),manypeopleplan________weight.A．lose B．tolose C．lost D．losing6．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末）Aliceoffered________avolunteer,shewantedtohelpthosedisabledpeople.A．be B．tobe C．being D．tobeing7．（23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末）Sallycan’twait______TreasureIsland.A．reads B．reading C．toread D．read8．（23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Singaporeisagoodplace________yourEnglish.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practices9．（23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期中）Bobdoesn’thavetime________volleyballwithme.A．toplay B．play C．playing D．toplaying10．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）—Ihavelesshomeworkthanbefore.—Metoo.Nowwehaveenoughtime________books.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading11．（23-24八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末）Ourschooldoesn’tallowus________computergames.A．play B．playing C．toplay D．played12．（23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末）Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents________vegetablestoletthemunderstandwherefoodscomefrom.A．grow B．grew C．growing D．togrow13．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Ioftenhearthem________theirtravelplanthesedays.—Oh,theycan’tdecidewhichcity________.A．todiscuss;tostart B．discuss;tostartwithC．todiscuss;start D．discuss;startwith14．（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）Ourteacheradvisesus________eachotherwhenweareintrouble.A．tohelp B．helped C．helping D．help15．（23-24八年级下·安徽合肥·期中）—Whydidn’tthedoctorsstop________lunch?—Becausetheywerebusy________apatient.A．tohave;tosave B．having;savingC．tohave;saving D．having;tosave16．（23-24八年级下·安徽阜阳·期末）________thetaskontime,theworkerswereworkingdayandnight.A．Finishing B．Finish C．Tofinish D．Finished17．（23-24八年级下·云南大理·期末）Weshoulddoeverythingwecan______theanimalsindanger.A．save B．tosave C．saving D．saved18．（23-24八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）Wemustdosomething________theleft-behindchildreninruralareas.A．help B．helps C．helping D．tohelp19．（23-24八年级下·江苏扬州·期末）Therealfactisthatmanycustomers(顾客)justdon’tknowwho__________solveproblemswithhousequalities.A．tocomplaintoto B．tocomplainto C．tocomplain D．complained20．（24-25八年级上·吉林长春·期末）Kate,I’m________tired________walkanymore.Let’shavearest.A．so;that B．such;that C．enough;to D．too;to21．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末）OurEnglishteacherispatientenough______muchtimeexplaininggrammarrulestous.A．spend B．spending C．tospend D．spent22．（21-22八年级下·湖北孝感·期中）—Mygrandparentsaretooold__________.—Yes,buttheyshouldoftenhaveawalk.A．towork B．works C．work D．working23．（23-24八年级下·上海浦东新·期中）Theteacheroftenwarnsus______tricksonothers.A．don’tplay B．nottoplay C．notplay D．won’tplay24．（23-24八年级下·江苏徐州·期中）—MayDayholidayiscoming.Whichcityareyougoingtovisit?—Oh,Ihaven’tdecided________.A．wheretogo B．howtovisitit C．whattoread D．whotoask25．（23-24八年级下·安徽马鞍山·期末）—Idon’tknow________todowiththisproblem.Canyouhelpme?—Noproblem.A．when B．how C．where D．what动词短语1.同一介词/副词型for短语 askfor请求 carefor关心；关怀leavefor动身去cheerfor为……加油payfor为……付钱preparefor为……做准备searchfor搜寻；寻找 sendfor派人去请standfor代表；象征waitfor等待 thanksfor因……而感谢up短语 addup加起来；合计 bringup提出；养育；培养cheerup使振奋cleanup清理；打扫useup用完；用尽callup打电话dressup穿上盛装；装扮 eatup吃光endup最终成为；最后处于fixup修理；修补 stayup熬夜tidyup整理；收拾growup成长；长大 hurryup赶快out短语 blowout吹灭breakout（战争、火灾等）突然发生；爆发pointout指出bringout使显现；使变得明显 carryout执行；贯彻findout查明；发现down短语 breakdown停止运转；出故障 calmdown平静下来slowdown放慢速度diedown变弱；逐渐消失 falldown倒塌；跌倒knockdown拆除；撞倒；击倒liedown躺下 pulldown拆掉；拆毁lookdown俯视；轻视sitdown坐下 shutdown关闭；停业writedown写下；记下away短语 blowaway驱散；吹走 getaway离开；逃脱passaway去世flyaway飞走 runaway逃跑throwaway扔掉about短语 argueabout争论 bringabout引起；造成careabout关心；在意hearabout听说 hangabout闲逛talkabout谈论thinkabout考虑 worryabout担心at短语 aimat瞄准；旨在 laughat嘲笑arriveat到达（小地方）knockat敲 pointat指向…… smileat冲……微笑shoutat对……大喊 stare...at凝视；盯着看off短语 runoff流失；逃跑 dropoff入睡；下降falloff减少；跌落leaveoff停止；中断 shutoff关闭；切断payoff偿清（欠款等）ringoff挂断电话 sendoff发送；邮寄setoff动身；启程showoff炫耀 giveoff（散）发出；放出（气味、热、光等）on短语 agreeon就……达成共识 callon号召；拜访 dependon依靠；依赖feedon以……为食focuson集中于 holdon别挂电话；坚持keepon继续前行 passon传递 tryon试穿workon从事于；忙于With短语 agreewith同意 beginwith以……开始comparewith与……相比connectwith与……相连catchupwith追上；赶上fallinlovewith爱上（某人或某物）dealwith解决；处理 gowith伴随playwith和……一起玩partwith放弃；交出（难舍之物）stay/keepintouchwith与……保持联系sharewith与……分享 talkwith和……交谈in短语 breakin强行闯入；打断 bringin引入checkin报到；登记fillin填写 resultin导致；引起handin上交takein吸收；收入 believein信任；信赖考向2.同一动词型come短语comeon加油；快点儿 comeout出现；出版comeover顺便来访comealong出现；进展 comeupwith提出；想出comeback回来comeup出现；升起 comedown落下；崩塌comein进来comeacross（偶然）遇见 cometrue（希望、梦想等）实现cut短语cutdown削减；砍倒 cutup切碎cutin插嘴cutinto侵犯；打断 cutout删去；停止cutoff切断；中断Keep短语keepon继续下去 keepout留在外面keepawayfrom远离keepoff使……不接近keepupwith跟上 keepintouchwith和……保持联系look短语lookat看 lookafter照顾；照料lookinto调查lookout当心；留神lookup查阅；查找lookfor寻找；盼望lookaround环顾 lookover查看；检查lookthrough浏览lookback回顾 lookupto尊敬；钦佩lookforwardto盼望lookoutfor留心；注意察看 looklike看起来像put短语putup举起；搭建；张贴 putdown写下；放下 putback把……放回原处putinto注入；投入 putaway放好 puton穿上；上演；增加putout熄灭 putoff推迟putthrough接通（电话）turn短语turnover翻身；（使）翻转 turnout结果是；证明是 turnon打开（电灯等）turnoff关闭（电灯等） turnaway把……拒之门外 turnup开大；调高turndown调低，关小；拒绝 turnin上交；归还 turnto求助于turnaround（使）转身get短语getup起床 geton上车（船、飞机等） getoff下车（船、飞机等）getdown下来 getinto进入；陷入 getto到达getback回来go短语goon继续 goaway走开；离开；消失goahead进行；前进goalong继续前进；沿着……走 goby（时间）流逝 goover复习；仔细检查gooff爆炸；（警报等）响起 godown下降 goup上升；增长goout熄灭；出去（娱乐） gothrough通过 goback返回give短语giveup放弃 givein屈服；让步giveaway捐赠；泄露giveout散发；分发 giveover停止；交出 giveback归还；恢复take短语takeup占用；开始从事 takedown写下；记下takeaway带走；拿走takeover接收；接管 takeout拿出；除去；扣除 takecareof照顾takeplace举行；发生 takepridein以……为傲takepartin参加takeafter（在外貌、性格等方面）与（父母等）相像taketheplaceof代替考向3混合型混合辨析，即选项通常设置为“不同动词+不同介词/副词”，需要考生熟记动词短语。基础训练1．Please_________thepicturesfromthewall.Weneedtoputupanewoneonit.A．takedown B．takeafter C．takeout D．takeup2．Myalarmclockdidn’t_________thismorning,soIwaslateforschool.A．putoff B．cutoff C．getoff D．gooff3．Letme_________thebrokenglassbeforesomeonewalksonit.A．fixup B．cleanup C．makeup D．putup4．Weshouldsavenaturalresources(自然资源),ortheywill_________oneday.A．putout B．sellout C．getout D．runout5．—Ted,couldyouplease_________therubbish?

—Ofcourse,Mom.A．takeafter B．takeup C．takedown D．takeout6．LinTaoargueswithhisbestfriend.Iadvisedhimto_________hisbestfriendfirst.A．lookup B．callup C．putup D．setup7．Idon’tthinkit’sproperforparentsto_________theirkids’diaries.A．lookback B．lookafter C．lookthrough D．lookfor8．Theywerewalkinginthemountain.They_________waterandhadnothingtodrink.A．ranacross B．ranoutof C．ranafter D．ranaway9．Hedidn’twantto_________thebusbecauseitwasrainingoutside.A．getback B．getout C．getup D．getoff10．Ifyoualways________toothers,youwillendupfeelinglikeadoormat(受气包).A．giveup B．givein C．giveback D．giveaway11．Thelastparagraphisunnecessary.Just________.A．cutitup B．cutitout C．cutupit D．cutoutit12．TheMonkeyKingisnotanormalmonkey.Hecan________himself________differentanimalsandobjects.A．turn;off B．turn;up C．turn;into D．turn;out13．Teachersareverybusythesedays,fortheyhavealotofproblemsto________.A．dealwith B．keepupwith C．agreewith D．comeupwith14．—Julie,whydidyou________thejob?—BecauseIhadfoundabetterone.A．turnup B．turndownC．lookfor D．lookthrough15．_______!Lookatthefloor,itiswet.A．Goout B．Lookout C．Breakout D．Setout16．—Childrenshouldlearnsomebasiclifeskills,likecooking,washingclothesandtidyingtheroom.—Ithinkso.Theyshouldn’talways________theirparents.A．lookafter B．dependon C．takepridein D．getonwith17．Annwantsto_________hertripbecauseshehasworktodo.A．putoff B．cleanup C．tryout D．giveaway18．Wemust_________thestudentscanstudyinaquietandpeacefulclassroom.A．makesure B．findout C．giveup D．tryon19．MissLiaskedusto_________somenewideasforourradioplay.A．catchupwith B．comeupwithC．handout D．bringout20．Youcan_________Cindy.Shealwayskeepsherpromises.A．lookafter B．hearfrom C．findout D．dependon提升训练1．（2024·四川广元·中考真题）DuringtheSpringFestival,Chinesepeopleusually________theChinesecharacter“褔”upsidedownonthefrontdoorofahouse.A．putup B．putoff C．puton D．putdown2．（2024·江苏徐州·中考真题）Iamplanningto________thenewhobbyinthesummerholiday.Iwon’tspendmysparetimeonmymobilephonealldaylong.A．pickup B．turnup C．getup D．lookup3．（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）—Ithinkmylifeissoboring.—Whydon’tyou________somehobbieslikesingingordancing?A．putup B．takeup C．getup D．showup4．（2024·西藏·中考真题）Humanbeingsshould________thenature.A．dealwith B．comeupwithC．catchupwith D．getalongwellwith5．（2024·江苏镇江·中考真题）—Mum,couldyouplease________theposterinmybedroom?Ireallylikeit!—Sure,baby.A．giveup B．takeup C．putup D．mopup6．（2024·江苏宿迁·中考真题）InSwitzerland,acountrywithhighmountainsandcleanbluelakes,people_______itsrichresourcestolive.A．carryon B．tryon C．dependon D．puton7．（2024·吉林长春·中考真题）—Mom,couldI________theTV?Iwanttowatchthenewsaboutspace.—Ofcourse.Anddon’tsittooclose.A．turnon B．turnoff C．puton D．putoff8．（2024·江苏无锡·中考真题）IknowhowbusyyouareandIwon’t________toomuchofyourtime.A．takeup B．setup C．makeup D．putup9．（2024·四川雅安·中考真题）—Shenzhou-18wassuccessfullylaunched(发射)intothespaceonApril25th,2024.—WeChinese____________it.A．runoutof B．takecareof C．areafraidof D．areproudof10．（2024·甘肃临夏·中考真题）Wearesupposedto________thelightswhenweleavetheroom.A．turndown B．turnup C．turnoff D．turnon11．（2024·安徽·中考真题）Therecanbesometroubleatthebeginning,butthingswill________wellintheend.A．breakup B．giveup C．setout D．turnout12．（2024·云南·中考真题）Thestudentsworkedingroupsto________thedifficultprobleminthemathclass.A．workout B．turndown C．cutoff D．worryabout13．（2024·甘肃白银·中考真题）Mygrandpadecidedto________smokingforhishealth.A．giveaway B．giveout C．giveback D．giveup14．（2024·四川泸州·中考真题）Whenyou________Mamianqun(horse-faceskirt),youwillsensethebeautyofChina’straditionalclothing.A．turnon B．getonC．puton D．dependon15．（2024·天津·中考真题）Emailisoneofthegreatwaysto_________friends.A．takepridein B．keepclearofC．getintothehabitof D．stayintouchwith

专题03动词不定式和动词短语的用法动词不定式一、基本用法1.动词不定式的形式动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”，使用时有时可以不带to，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能做谓语，to本身无意义，动词不定式同其后的宾语构成不定式短语。2.动词不定式的否定形式（1）动词不定式（短语）做主语动词不定式（短语）在句中做主语时，一般位于句首，相当于名词或代词，谓语动词用单数，有时为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语。Tolearnforeignlanguagesisveryuseful.学外语很有用。Ithinkit’snecessaryforustoreadalot.我认为大量阅读对我们有必要。（2）动词不定式（短语）做表语动词不定式（短语）做表语常表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等。从时间概念上说含有将来意义，常用于be动词的后面。Mydutyistolookaftertheanimals.我的职责就是照看这些动物。（3）动词不定式（短语）做宾语动词不定式（短语）做宾语有两种情况：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式，另—种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的不定式。”Ihopetoseeyoutomorrow.我希望明天见到你。注意其后常接动词不定式做宾语的动词有：想要，拒绝，忘记（want,refuse,forget）需要，努力，学习（need,try,learn）选择，同意，帮助（choose,agree,help）希望，决定，开始（hope/wish/expect,decide,begin/start）（4）动词不定式（短语）做宾语补足语常接动词不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：tell,ask,want,teach,allow,promise,order,advise,expect,wish,invite,encourage,make,warn,help等。Theyaskedhimtosingapopsongattheparty.他们请他在宴会上唱一首流行歌曲。（5）动词不定式（短语）做定语动词不定式（短语）做定语常用来修饰名词或不定代词，置于被修饰词之后，即做后置定语。—Wouldyoulikesomethingtoeat？你想要些吃的吗？—Yes,please.好的。注意动词不定式（短语）做定语修饰名词时，与其所修饰的名词具有逻辑上的动宾关系，如果不定式中的动词为不及物动词，其后应加上一个含义上所需要的介词。Theoldmanhasnohousetolivein.这位老人没有房子住。（6）动词不定式（短语）做状语动词不定式（短语）做状语往往表示目的、原因、结果、比较和独立成分。表示原因和结果时不置于句首。①动词不定式做目的状语，可以放在句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可以放在句尾。Togetthereontime,theystartedearly.为了准时赶到那儿，他们很早就出发了。②动词不定式做结果状语，常用在too...to...结构中。Theboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.这个男孩太小，还不能照顾自己。③动词不定式做原因状语，常跟在做表语的形容词后。I’mveryhappytoreceiveyourletter.很高兴收到你的来信。二、特殊用法1.不定式（短语）做主语时，常用it代替它做形式主语，而将不定式放到后面，有三种情况：（1）Itis+名词+todosth.It’sourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.保护环境是我们的责任。（2）Ittakes/tooksb.+sometime+todosth.Howlongdidittakeyoutofinishyourhomework？你花了多长时间完成作业？（3）Itis+形容词（easy/kind/important/diffcult/foolish/right/silly/nice…）+（for/ofsb.）+todosth.Itiscleverofyoutodothat.你那样做很聪明。2.feel,find,make,think等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，宾语补足语是形容词或名词，常用it做形式主语，把不定式后移。IfinditdifficulttolearnEnglishwell.我发现学好英语很难。3.省略to的动词不定式的四种情况。（1）在使役动词have,make,let之后。Hismothermakeshimsweepthefloor.他妈妈让他扫地。（2）在感官动词（短语）feel,hear,see,watch,notice,listento,lookat之后。Didyounoticeherleavetheroom？她离开房间时你注意到了吗？（3）help后的不定式可省略to，也可带上to。Heoftenhelpsme（to）learnmaths.他经常帮助我学数学。（4）在一些固定搭配中，如“hadbetterdosth.”，“Whynotdosth.？”，“wouldratherdosth.thandosth.”等。1．—Myteacheradvisesme________harderatPhysics.—Yes,youshould.Oryou’llfail________themonthlytest.A．work;topass B．towork;topass C．towork;pass D．work;pass【答案】B【详解】句意：——我的老师建议我更努力地学习物理。——是的，你应该这样做。否则你将无法通过月考。考查非谓语动词。advisesbtodosth表示“建议某人做某事”，可排除AD选项；failtodosth表示“未能做某事”。故选B。2．Thismorning,Lindaagreed________tothelibrarywithmeafterschool.A．go B．togo C．going D．went【答案】B【详解】句意：今天早上，琳达同意放学后和我一起去图书馆。考查非谓语动词。agreetodosth.“同意做某事”，此处动词不定式作宾语，故选B。3．Inordertoprotecttheenvironment,anumberofpeoplechoose________toworkbysubway.A．went B．goes C．going D．togo【答案】D【详解】句意：为了保护环境，许多人选择乘地铁去上班。考查动词不定式。went动词过去式；goes动词三单；going动名词或现在分词；togo动词不定式。choosetodosth表示“选择做某事”，空处用动词不定式。故选D。4．Hesaidhehadanimportantmeeting______.A．attend B．wouldattend C．attending D．toattend【答案】D【详解】句意：他说他有一个重要的会议要参加。考查非谓语动词。根据“hehadanimportantmeeting”可知是有一个会议要参加，此处应用动词不定式作定语。故选D。5．Thisisthebestway________allkindsofplants.A．grow B．togrow C．aboutgrowing D．ingrowing【答案】B【详解】句意：这是种植各种植物的最好方法。考查非谓语动词。根据“Thisisthebestway”可知，此句考查thebestwaytodo“做某事的最佳方法”。故选B。6．—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme________onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A．togo B．going C．go D．went【答案】A【详解】句意：——你为什么如此激动？——皮特邀请我到云台山旅游。考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。invitesbtodosth“邀请某人做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选A。7．Iadviseyou________anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.A．tothrow B．throwing C．nottothrow D．notthrowing【答案】C【详解】句意：我建议你在开车时不要向窗外扔任何东西。考查非谓语动词。根据“Iadviseyou...anythingoutofthewindowwhiledriving.”可知此处指不要向窗外扔东西，advisesb.nottodosth.意为“建议某人不要做某事”，为固定搭配。故选C。8．Hemadeus________bymakingfaces.A．tolaugh B．laughing C．laugh D．laughed【答案】C【详解】句意：他扮鬼脸逗我们笑。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用省略to的不定式，作宾补。故选C。9．—Maryisverygenerous.—Yes,shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned________peopleinneed.A．tohelp B．tohelping C．helped D．helping【答案】A【详解】句意：——玛丽很慷慨。

——是的，她把她所有的钱都捐出去帮助有需要的人。考查动词不定式。根据“shegaveawayallhermoneysheowned...people”可知，捐钱是为了帮助有需要的人，动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。10．________ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.A．Realizing B．Torealize C．Realized D．Havingrealized【答案】B【详解】句意：为了实现愿望，我们必须努力。考查非谓语动词。根据“...ourwishes,wemusttryourbesttoworkhard.”可知，努力的目的是为了实现愿望，用不定式表目的。故选B。11．—Wheredidhego?—Hewenttoanotherstore________pencils.A．tobuy B．forbuying C．buy D．buying【答案】A【详解】句意：——他去哪儿了?

——他去另一家商店买铅笔了。考查动词不定式的用法。根据“Hewenttoanotherstore...pencils.”可知，去另一家商店是为了买铅笔，动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。12．—Weshoulddowhatwecan________thespreadofvirus(病毒).—Youareright.Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.A．prevent B．toprevent C．preventing D．prevents【答案】B【详解】句意：——我们应该尽我们所能去阻止病毒的传播。——你说得对。我们可以经常洗手，戴口罩。考查动词不定式表目的。根据“Wecanoftenwashhandsandwearmasks.”可知，经常洗手和戴口罩，我们做这些是为了防止病毒的传播，因此该句中应用动词不定式topreventthespreadofvirus作目的状语。故选B。13．Thetwotoysarebothniceandit’sreallyhardforthekid________.A．choice B．choose C．choosing D．tochoose【答案】D【详解】句意：这两个玩具都很好，孩子很难选择。考查非谓语动词。choice选择，名词；choose选择，动词。It’s+adj.+forsb.+todosth.“对某人来说，做某事是……的”，固定句式，其中it是形式主语，不定式为真正的主语。故选D。14．________important________ustoexerciseourbrains.A．That’s;for B．It’s;for C．That’s;of D．It’s;of【答案】B【详解】句意：我们锻炼大脑是非常重要的。考查it的用法。根据句意并结合句子结构可知，此处为“It’s+adj.+for/ofsb.+todosth.”结构；如果句子中的形容词说的是后面sb.的性格、品德、特点等，就用介词of：如果不是，就用介词for；important不是形容性格等，所以此处应用介词for。故选B。15．Whathesaidwas________difficultforus________understand.A．so;that B．to;to C．too;to D．such;that【答案】C【详解】句意：他所说的话对我们来说太难而无法理解。考查词组辨析。根据第一空后的“difficult”可知，第一空只能填入程度副词修饰形容词，排除B和D；根据第二空后的“understand”可知，此处需填入不定式符号to，排除A。即本题考查的是“too+adj.+todosth.”，表“太……而不能做某事”，其中，动词不定式作结果状语。故选C。16．Thispassageisnot________foryou________understand.A．easyenough;for B．enougheasy;for C．easyenough;to D．enougheasy;to【答案】C【详解】句意：这篇文章对你来说不够容易理解。考查enough用法和动词不定式作结果状语。easy容易的，形容词；enough足够地，副词，修饰形容词时置于形容词之后，排除B和D。分析句子结构可知，此处考查notadj.enoughtodosth.“不足够……做某事”，所以第二空处应用动词不定式tounderstand作结果状语，排除A。故选C。17．Pleaseasktheman________inthehall.A．tonotsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．tonotsmoking【答案】B【详解】句意：请要求该男子不要在大厅内吸烟。考查动词不定式的否定形式。根据“Pleaseasktheman…inthehall.”可知，asksb.nottodosth.表示“让某人不要做某事”。故选B。18．Mr.Linmademydad________,becauseitisbadforhishealth.A．don’tsmoke B．nottosmoke C．notsmoking D．notsmoke【答案】D【详解】句意：林先生让我爸爸不吸烟，因为这对他的健康有害。考查非谓语动词。根据“becauseitisbadforhishealth”可知，此处是指让爸爸不要吸烟，结合空前使役动词“made”可知，此处考查makesb.notdosth.表示“使某人不做某事”。故选D。19．Jennyisgoingtothesupermarket.Andsheisaskinghermotherwhat________fortoday’sdinner.A．isbuying B．buyC．bought D．tobuy【答案】D【详解】句意：Jenny要去超市。她问她妈妈今天的晚餐买什么。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用“疑问词+不定式”结构，作宾补。故选D。20．Theguestshaven’tdecidedwhichhotel________.A．tostay B．tostayfor C．tostaying D．tostayin【答案】D【详解】句意：客人们还没有决定住进哪家旅馆。考查动词与介词的搭配。stay“停留，逗留”；stayfor“逗留”，后接一段时间；stayin“在……（地方）停留”，后接地点。由“hotel”可知，此处要用stayin。故选D。基础训练提升训练1．（23-24八年级下·上海普陀·期中）Itisdangerousforyou________theplug(插座)withwethands.A．touch B．totouch C．touching D．totouching【答案】B【详解】句意：你用湿手碰插头是危险的。考查非谓语动词。该句考查“Itis+形容词+forsb+todosth”固定结构，表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，需接动词不定式作逻辑主语。故选B。2．（23-24八年级下·广东广州·期末）It’simportant______us______hardandachieveourdreams.A．for;working B．for;towork C．of;working D．of;towork【答案】B【详解】句意：对我们来说，努力工作和实现梦想是很重要的。考查it固定句型。根据“It’simportant…us…hardandachieve”可知，形容词important是描述做某事的效果或影响，因此该句考查itisadjforsbtodosth“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故选B。3．（23-24八年级下·江苏常州·期末）—Lookattherubbish.It’scareless________you________ithere.—Sorry.Iwillpickituprightaway.A．for,toleave B．of,toleave C．for;leaving D．of;leaving【答案】B【详解】句意：——看看这些垃圾。你把它留在这儿太粗心了。——对不起。我马上去取。考查介词和非谓语动词。forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult,interesting,important,impossible等；ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。Leave离开；第一空careless描述人的性格，用介词of；It’s+形容词+ofsbtodosth表示“某人做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，todosth是真正主语，故选B。4．（23-24八年级上·天津和平·期中）Tomhopes________agoodstudentinhisclass.Buthisfatherwishes________agoodhealth.A．tobe;tohave B．himtobe;himtohave C．tobe;himtohave D．himtobe;tohave【答案】C【详解】句意：汤姆希望成为班里的好学生。但他的父亲希望他有一个良好的健康。考查非谓语动词。hopetodosth“希望做某事”；wish(sb)todosth“希望(某人)做某事”，根据语法规则，空一需用hopetodosth，可排除BD选项；根据“Buthisfatherwishes...agoodhealth.”可知，此处是指他的父亲希望他有一个良好的健康，A选项语境不符合。故选C。5．（23-24八年级下·云南玉溪·期末）AfterwatchingJiaLing’snewfilmYOLO(《热辣滚烫》),manypeopleplan________weight.A．lose B．tolose C．lost D．losing【答案】B【详解】句意：看了贾玲的新电影《热辣滚烫》后，很多人都计划减肥。考查非谓语动词。plantodosth.“计划做某事”，固定词组。故选B。6．（23-24八年级下·吉林松原·期末）Aliceoffered________avolunteer,shewantedtohelpthosedisabledpeople.A．be B．tobe C．being D．tobeing【答案】B【详解】句意：爱丽丝主动提出成为一名志愿者，她想帮助那些残疾人。考查动词非谓语。offertodo“提出要做”，故选B。7．（23-24八年级下·山东青岛·期末）Sallycan’twait______TreasureIsland.A．reads B．reading C．toread D．read【答案】C【详解】句意：萨莉迫不及待读《金银岛》了。考查非谓语动词。can’twaittodosth“迫不及待做某事”，为固定短语。故选B。8．（23-24八年级下·陕西西安·期末）Singaporeisagoodplace________yourEnglish.A．practice B．practicing C．topractice D．practices【答案】C【详解】句意：新加坡是一个练习你的英语的好地方。考查非谓语动词。agoodplacetodosth表示“做某事的好地方”，不定式作后置定语。故选C。9．（23-24八年级下·黑龙江绥化·期中）Bobdoesn’thavetime________volleyballwithme.A．toplay B．play C．playing D．toplaying【答案】A【详解】句意：鲍勃没有时间和我一起打排球。考查非谓语动词。havetimetodosth.“有时间做某事”，固定用法。故选A。10．（2022·江苏南京·中考真题）—Ihavelesshomeworkthanbefore.—Metoo.Nowwehaveenoughtime________books.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading【答案】C【详解】句意：——我现在的功课比以前少。——我也是。现在我们有更多的时间去读书了。考查动词不定式。read动词原形；reads动词三单；toread动词不定式；reading动词的现在分词。根据“Nowwehaveenoughtime...books.”可知，有足够的时间去读书，不定式在此作定语，且haveenoughtimetodosth.为固定搭配。故选C。11．（23-24八年级下·甘肃陇南·期末）Ourschooldoesn’tallowus________computergames.A．play B．playing C．toplay D．played【答案】C【详解】句意：我们学校不允许我们玩电脑游戏。考查非谓语动词。play玩，动词原形；playing玩，现在分词或动名词；toplay玩，动词不定式；played玩，过去式或过去分词。allowsbtodosth“允许某人做某事”。故选C。12．（23-24八年级下·云南普洱·期末）Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents________vegetablestoletthemunderstandwherefoodscomefrom.A．grow B．grew C．growing D．togrow【答案】D【详解】句意：现在，许多学校鼓励学生种蔬菜来让他们明白食物从哪里来。考查动词不定式。根据“Nowadays,manyschoolsencouragestudents”可知，此处是固定搭配encouragesbtodosth“鼓励某人做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。13．（23-24八年级下·江苏泰州·期末）—Ioftenhearthem________theirtravelplanthesedays.—Oh,theycan’tdecidewhichcity________.A．todiscuss;tostart B．discuss;tostartwithC．todiscuss;start D．discuss;startwith【答案】B【详解】句意：——这些天我经常听到他们讨论他们的旅行计划。——哦，他们不能决定从哪个城市开始。考查非谓语动词，“疑问词+动词不定式”结构和动词短语。start开始；startwith从……开始。根据第一空前的often可知，此处表示经常听到某人做某事，应用短语hearsb.dosth.，所以第一空应填discuss；分析“theycan’tdecidewhichcity”和选项可知，此处应用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构，此句意为“他们不能决定从哪个城市开始”，短语startwith符合语境，所以第二空应填tostartwith。故选B。14．（23-24八年级下·天津河北·期末）Ourteacheradvisesus________eachotherwhenweareintrouble.A．tohelp B．helped C．helping D．help【答案】A【详解】句意：我们的老