高考英语新人教版必修5一轮复习讲义第一编教材回眸Unit1Greatscientists

Unit1Greatscientists听第1段材料，回答第1题。1．Whatsubjectdoesthemanlikebest?A．History. B．Biology.C．Chemistry.答案：A听第2段材料，回答第2题。2．Whatisthemalespeaker?A．Astudent. B．Apresident.C．Aprofessor.答案：A听第3段材料，回答第3题。3．Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutthecourse?A．Toohard. B．Worthtaking.C．Veryeasy.答案：B听第4段材料，回答第4、5题。4．Whattimeisitnow?A．1：45. B．2：10.C．2：15.答案：A5．Whatwillthemando?A．Workonaproject.B．SeeLindainthelibrary.C．MeetwithProfessorSmith.答案：C【技巧点拨】在听力题中，有时并不明确给出信息，而需要考生根据所听到的内容进行推理、整合，从而判断出正确答案。如第2题中，根据“takeonstudents”和“we'llhavemorechances...”可推断出说话人的身份为学生。Text1M：Whathaveyoubeenstudying?W：Biologyandchemistry.Ilikenaturalsciences.Howaboutyou?M：Iprefersocialsciences.Ilikehistorybest.Text2W：Haveyouheardourpresidentisstartinganewprogram?M：Oh,really?Howwillitbenefitus?W：Theprogramrequiresprofessorstotakeonstudentsintheirresearchprojects.Then,we'llhavemorechancesofgatheringresearchexperience.Text3M：Thiscourseisreallydifficult.W：Idon'tthinkit'sallthatbad,andwe'llbenefitalotfromit.M：Soyou'retakingittoo?W：That'strue.Text4M：Bytheway,doyouknowwhattimeitis?W：Well,it's1：45.M：Oh,I'vegottogo.W：SeeLindainthelibrary?M：No.ActuallyI'mgoingtomeetwithProfessorSmithat2：10.YoumaycontinueaprojectdiscussionwithMichael.W：Allright.1．核心单词(1)conclude(vt.&vi.)结束；推断出→conclusion(n.)结论；结束(2)defeat(vt.)打败；战胜；使受挫(n.)失败(3)attend(vt.)照顾；护理；出席；参加(4)expose(vt.)暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposure(n.)暴露；揭发(5)cure(n.)治愈；痊愈(vt.)治愈；治疗(6)challenge(n.)挑战(vt.)向……挑战(7)suspect(vt.)认为；怀疑(n.)被怀疑者；嫌疑犯(8)blame(vt.)责备；谴责(n.)过失；责备(9)pollute(vt.)污染；弄脏→pollution(n.)污染(10)contribute(vt.&vi.)捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution(n.)贡献2．阅读单词(1)scientific(adj.)科学的(2)analyse(vt.)分析(3)expert(adj.)熟练的；经验或知识丰富的(n.)专家；行家(4)victim(n.)受害者(5)absorb(vt.)吸收；吸引；使专心(6)instruct(vt.)命令；指示；教导(7)construct(vt.)建设；修建(8)positive(adj.)积极的；肯定的；确实的(9)enthusiastic(adj.)热情的；热心的(10)cautious(adj.)小心的；谨慎的【即景活用】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空1．Thatyear,I________(attend)aseminarwherewewereaskedtocreateaprojectthatwouldtouchtheworld.答案：attended2．Insteadof________(blame)thechildwhohadbrokenthevase,shegavehimatolerantsmileandlethimgo.答案：blaming3．Intheendtheideaalmostleadsthemtothesame________(conclude)．答案：conclusion4．Afterhewas________(cure)ofthecancer,helivedanormallife.答案：cured5．Notknowingwhatwaswrongwithhiscar,Tomdecidedtosendforanexperiencedman________(handle)theproblem.答案：tohandle6．Thesesoldierswereputinprisonbecausetheyrejected________(obey)orders.答案：obeying7．Tooursurprise,manyriversandlakesnearbyareseriously________(pollute)．答案：polluted8．WhenIcamein,hewas________(absorb)inreadinganewnovel.答案：absorbed9．We'renotsayingthateveryoneneeds________(contribute)theirlivestothepoor.答案：tocontribute10．Theyoungplayerwas________(defeat)byhispartnerinthegame,buthedidn'tloseheart.答案：defeated联想积累1．后缀­sion构成的抽象名词①conclusion结论；结束②admission准许进入；承认③confusion混乱；困惑；混淆④expression词组；表达；表情⑤oppression压迫；压制⑥permission允许；许可⑦profession职业；专业⑧impression印象2．表示“观点；态度”的高频形容词①positive积极的②negative消极的③subjective主观的④objective客观的⑤doubtful怀疑的⑥critical批评的1．put_forward提出2．draw_a_conclusion得出结论3．expose...to...使显露；暴露4．be_absorbed_in全神贯注于；专心致志于5．be_to_blame应受责备；应承担责任6．link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来7．contributeto导致；有助于；撰稿8．apartfrom除……之外；此外9．bestrictwith对……严格10．makesense讲得通；有意义【即景活用】用所给短语的适当形式填空putforward,drawaconclusion,apartfrom,makesense,contributeto,expose...to...1.Fromwhatissaidabove,wecan________thatputersaremoreablessingthanadisaster.答案：drawaconclusion2．Ithinktheplan________byMrSmithisveryreasonable.答案：putforward3．________thesunforalongtimeisharmfultoyourhealth.答案：Beingexposedto4．Positiveemotions________bothourhealthandoursuccess.答案：contributeto5．Ourteam,________regulartraining,willjoininavarietyofactivities.答案：apartfrom6．Itdoesn't________tobuythatexpensivecoatwhenthesearecheaper.答案：makesense联想积累1．“动词＋宾语＋to”短语①expose...to...使显露；暴露②link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来③add...to...把……加到……里④pare...to...把……比作……⑤devote...to...把……奉献于……⑥supply...to...向……供应……2．“be＋过去分词＋in”短语①beabsorbedin专心于……②belostin陷入……；专心致志于……③becaughtin被困在……④beburiedin埋头于……⑤beoccupiedin忙于……3．与forward搭配的短语①putforward提出②lookforwardto盼望③bringforward提出④stepforward向前迈步1．Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。2．Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.每次爆发(霍乱)时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。【句式仿写】1．______________________________________(老师和他的学生们都没有)eacrosssuchadifficultproblem.答案：Neithertheteachernorhisstudentshave2．________(每次)Iwasintrouble,hewouldetohelpmeout.答案：Everytime联想积累1．并列连词neither...nor...①neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。②遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词。either...or...不是……就是……notonly...butalso...不但……而且……not...but...不是……而是……③此外，遵循“就近原则”的还有Therebe句型。2．引导时间状语从句的名词，副词和连词小结①作连词，引导时间状语从句的名词短语有：everytime,eachtime,anytime,nexttime,thefirsttime,themoment,theinstant,thesecond,theminute,thehour,theday等。②有些副词，如directly,instantly,immediately等也可引导状语从句。③关联从属连词nosooner...than,hardly/scarcely/barely...when等也能引导时间状语从句。如果nosooner,hardly/scarcely/barely位于句首，主句要用倒装语序。[单词点津]concludevt.&vi.结束；推断出[教材原句]Drawaconclusion得出结论(1)concludeeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(sth.fromsth.从某事中推断出某事,fromsth.that...从某事中推断,出……))concludesth.eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(withsth.以某事结束某事,bydoingsth.通过做某事结束,某事))toconclude最后(2)eto/arriveat/reach/drawaconclusion得出结论inconclusion总而言之；最后【特别提醒】表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有：inshort,inbrief,inaword,allinall,tosumup,briefly(speaking),onthewhole等。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Heconcluded________theirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.答案：from(2)完成句子①________,I'dliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.最后，我想说我今天玩得非常开心。②Themeeting______________________.会议于十点钟结束。答案：①Inconclusion②concludedatteno'clockattendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加[教材原句]JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。attendschool/class/church上学/上课/去教堂attendameeting/lecture/wedding/funeral/party参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/参加葬礼/出席聚会attendsb.看护，照料某人attendto处理，料理(生意或个人事务)；接待(顾客)【特别提醒】attend侧重“参加”之意。attendto作“处理”讲时，与do/dealwith近义；另attend作“看护；照料”讲时，与takecareof,lookafter近义。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Ifyouhadtoldmebeforehand,Iwould________(attend)yourwedding.②Alltheparticipantswererequiredtosigninastheyenteredthehall________(attend)themeeting.答案：①haveattended②toattend(2)完成句子Ican'tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingto________.今晚我不能与你一起外出，因为我有一件急事要处理。答案：attendtoexposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光[教材原句]Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。expose...to...使……暴露于/面临/遭受……beexposedto暴露于……；接触……exposesb.tosth.使某人接触到某物exposedadj.暴露的；无遮蔽的exposuren.显露；暴露；揭露；曝光【特别提醒】在expose...to...以及beexposedto...结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。【即景活用】完成句子①Don't__________________directsunlight,oryou'llgetsunburnt.不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。②If________theoutsidesurroundings,they'llbestrongerandbetterpreparedfortheirfuture.置身于外部的环境，他们将变得更强大，并且为未来更好地做准备。③Somechildrenarenever________classicalmusic.一些孩子从来就没有接触过古典音乐。答案：①exposeyourskinto②exposedto③exposedtoabsorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心[教材原句]Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法是人们在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的。(1)absorb/attract/drawone'sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...from...从……中吸收……absorb...into...把……吸收进……beabsorbedby/into被……吞并/吸引(be)absorbedin...全神贯注于……(2)absorbedadj.全神贯注的absorbingadj.十分吸引人的【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①However,whensomethingdidinterestme,Icouldbee________(absorb)．②Plantsabsorbcarbondioxide________theairandmoisturefromthesoil.答案：①absorbed②from(2)完成句子________inpainting,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.全神贯注于画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。答案：Absorbedblamevt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备[教材原句]Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看起来水是罪魁祸首。(1)blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)应承担责任；应受责备(用主动形式表被动意义)(2)accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责；为……承担责任put/laytheblameonsb.把责任推到某人身上【特别提醒】betoblame为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。【即景活用】完成句子①IoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichI____________forMiller'saccident.我经常做噩梦，在梦中感觉我应该对米勒发生的事故负责。②Alicewasinlowspiritsbecauseshe____________thebreakdownoftheschoolputernetwork.因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的瘫痪负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。③Manychildrenareafraidof____________forfailingtheexam.许多孩子害怕因考试不及格而受责备。④Iamready__________________forthemistake.我准备为这个错误承担责任。答案：①wastoblame②wasblamedfor③beingblamed④totake/bear/accepttheblamecontributevt.&vi.捐献；贡献；捐助[教材原句]－tocontribute捐献(1)contribute...to...向……捐献……contributeto有助于；导致；为……作贡献；为……捐款；为……撰稿(2)contributionn.捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto对……作出贡献；为……捐款【特别提醒】表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语有：contributeto,resultin,bringabout,leadto,cause等。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空①Whomadeagreat________(contribute)tothecivilrightsmovementintheUS?②Alcoholcontributes________100,000deathsintheUSeachyear.答案：①contribution②to(2)完成句子Ifyouwantto____________ournewspaper,pleasesendmeyourarticlebeforethedeadline.如果你想给我们报纸投稿，请在最后期限前把文章发给我。答案：contributeto[短语点拨]putforward提出；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表)向前拨[教材原句]Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes?谁提出关于黑洞的理论？eq\x(\a\al(putaway把……收拾好；整理；储蓄,putaside把……放到一边；储存；留出,putdown放下；写下；记下；镇压,puton穿上；上演,putoff推迟；延期,putup搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿,putthrough接通；完成,putout扑灭,putupwith容忍；忍受))【即景活用】写出下列句子中putforward的含义①TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimstohelppromotefullyautomaticdriving.________②Mywatchwasslow,soIputitforwardthreeminutes.________③Shewasputforwardasanadvancedworker.________④Theyhaveputforwardthedateofthemeetingbythreedays.________答案：①提出②把表拨快③推荐④将……提前apartfrom除……之外，还；此外[教材原句]Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了以上提到的结构，你也学过下面的词组。(1)apartfrom具有下列三层含义：①相当于besides。指“除……之外，另外还有”，强调“另外还有”；②相当于except。指“除了……”，表示从整体中除去；③相当于exceptfor。指“除……外”，是在对某人或物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。(2)take...apart将……拆开tellsb./sth.apart把某人/某物区分开【即景活用】完成句子①Ihavefinished________thelastquestion.除了最后一道题，我全做完了。②__________________theyardandmakingupthebedsfortheold,wealsoreadnewspapersforthemandhadchatswiththem.除了打扫庭院和为老人们铺床外，我们还为他们读报纸并且跟他们聊天。③Theyaresoalike,andit'sdifficultto________________.他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分开。答案：①apartfrom②Apartfromcleaning③tellthemapartmakesense有意义；讲得通[教材原句]Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。makesenseof理解；弄明白makenosense没有道理；没有意义etoone'ssenses恢复理智；醒悟过来ina/onesense从某种意义上来说innosense决不(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装结构)monsense常识asenseofduty/humor/beauty/direction责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感Thereisnosensein(doing)sth.(做)某事是没有意义的【即景活用】单句语法填空①Canyoumakesense________whatthiswriterissaying?②Thereisnosense________(buy)expensiveclothesforchildren,astheysoongrowoutofthem.③Innosense________herealizehehadmadesuchaseriousmistake.答案：①of②buying③did[句型与语法][教材原句]Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。(1)“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。但“only＋主语”位于句首时不用倒装。(2)ifonly“但愿；要是……就好了”，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Onlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussion________MsGarzafinallysayyes.答案：did(2)完成句子①______________________________cooperateandworkwell.人们只有相互信任才能很好地合作和工作。②________hehadtalkedtohersooner!他要是早点和她谈谈就好了！答案：①Onlyifpeopletrusteachothercanthey②Ifonly(3)单句改错Onlythensherealizehowmuchdamagehadbeencaused._____________________________________________________答案：she前加did[教材原句]Heplacedafixedsunatthecentreofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕着太阳转，而只有月球围绕着地球转。【即景活用】(1)单句语法填空Withtheboy________(show)ustheway,wegotthereeasily.答案：showing(2)完成句子①____________________,shewenthome.做完一切事情以后，她回家了。②Ican'tgoout______________________.因为有这些衣服要洗，我不能出去。③Heusedtosleep______________________.他过去常开着所有的窗子睡觉。答案：①Witheverythingdone②withtheseclothestowash③withallthewindowsopen[教材原句]Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeopleexposedtocholera.但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。过去分词inspired和exposed在句中分别作表语和定语。作定语时置于所修饰词之后或之前表示动作完成或被动。作表语时置于系动词之后，说明主语的状态或特征。【特别提醒】单个的过去分词作定语时，常位于它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后，但单个过去分词修饰something,everything等不定代词时，也要后置。【即景活用】单句语法填空①Haveyoureadthenovel________(write)byMoYan?②Aftertheheavyrain,manycarsgot________(catch)inthemud.③Thechildrenwereall________aftertheyheardthe________newsthattheirteamhadwonthegame.(inspire)答案：①written②caught③inspired;inspiringJohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon,whowassoexpertthathe__1__(attend)QueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.Buthewasfamousfor__2__(defeat)“KingCholera”．Cholerawasa__3__(dead)diseaseandneitheritscause__4__itscurewasunderstood.JohnSnowwantedtofacethechallengeandsolvetheproblem.Hesuspectedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.SowhenanothersevereoutbreakhitLondon,hebeganhisenquiry.Hefoundthatmanyvictims__5__(link)totheoutbreakwerenearthewaterpump,sohehadthehandle__6__(remove).Soonafterwardsthediseasesloweddown.Hedrew__7__conclusionthatthepollutedwaterwas__8__(blame)．Thewater__9__(pany)wereinstructednottoexposepeople__10__pollutedwateranymore.Finally“KingCholera”wasdefeated.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________答案：1.attended2.defeating3.deadly4.nor5.linked6．removed7.the8.toblame9panies10.toⅠ.单句语法填空1．Onlywhenhearrived________themeetingbegin.答案：did“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句whenhearrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。2．NeitherInorJohn________(be)tiredofthespeech.Itisinteresting.答案：isneither...nor...连接两个并列主语，谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则，故填is。3．________(absorb)inwritingaletter,hedidn'tevenlookupwhenIcamein.答案：Absorbedbeabsorbedin...“全神贯注于……”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。4．Thatyou________(expose)tothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.答案：areexposedbeexposedto...“暴露于……；接触……”。5．Thereisnosensein________(worry)aboutthefuture.答案：worryingThereisnosensein(doing)sth.“(做)某事是没有意义的”。6．While________(attend)tothecentraltask,weshouldunfoldtheworkinotherfields.答案：attendingattendto“处理；照料”，从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：Whileweareattendingto...，故填attending。7．Thebankmanagerwasreally________(blame),thoughhetriedtoputitonaclerk.答案：toblamebetoblame“应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。8．MrReedmadeuphismindtocontributeallhehadto________(set)upsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.答案：settingcontribute...to...“为……奉献……”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。9．Myparentstendtoacceptanyidea________(put)forwardbyexpertsonTV.答案：putputforward“提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。10．Irecognizedhervoice________momentIpickedupthereceiver.答案：thethemoment“一……就……”。Ⅱ.单句改错1．Althoughdefeatinginthematch,wedidn'tloseheart._____________________________________________________答案：defeating→defeated此处表示在比赛中被打败，故应用过去分词表被动。2．WhenIopenedthedoor,Ifoundmyfathersittinginhischair,pletelyabsorbinginthenewspaper._____________________________________________________答案：absorbing→absorbed(be)absorbedin“全神贯注于……”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。3．Itmakesasensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol._____________________________________________________答案：去掉amakesensetodosth.“做某事是明智的，合乎情理的”，为固定用法，故去掉a。4．Neithertheteachernorthestudentsiscontentwiththeresult._____________________________________________________答案：is→areneither...nor...连接两主语时，谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”。5．Theplanwasputforwardatyesterday'smeeting,inmyopinion,isquitepractical._____________________________________________________答案：去掉was或was前加which/that该句中已有谓语动词is,故putforwardatyesterday'smeeting为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰作主语的名词plan；也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan，因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，所以在was前加which/that。Ⅲ.语法填空Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren，__1__(give)upitsdecades­longone­childpolicy,themunistPartyofChina(CPC)__2__(announce)afterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthechallengeofanagingpopulation,accordingtoamuniqué(公报)__3__(issue)aftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thmunistPartyofChina(CPC)CentralmitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature(立法机关)__4__itesintoforce.China'sfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s__5__(control)therapid__6__(grow)ofthepopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples__7__onechild,andastoruralcouples,theycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstbornchildwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents__8__werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave__9__secondchild.Theone­childpolicywas__10__(far)loosenedinNovember2013aftertheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralmittee,andcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.1．________2.________3.________4.________5.________6.________7.________8.________9.________10.________篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来。1．giving考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句子主语China与giveup之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词­ing形式作状语，故填giving。2．announced考查动词的时态。根据时间状语onThursday可知，本处应用一般过去时。3．issued考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，issue与muniqué之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词issued作定语。4．before考查连词。句意：提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准。before“在……之前”。5．tocontrol考查非谓语动词。中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口。本处应用动词不定式作目的状语。6．growth考查词性转换。此处表示控制急剧增长的人口，应用名词作宾语，故填growth。7．to考查介词。limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配。8．who/that考查定语从句的引导词。夫妇双方均为独生子女的，还可以再生一个孩子。本处先行词为parents，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填who/that。9．a考查冠词。序数词前用不定冠词，意为“再，又”。这里指“再生一个小孩，或可生第二个孩子”。10．further考查副词的比较级。根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知，本处应用比较级；由于本处不是表距离，而是表事情的程度，故填further。Ⅳ.短文改错Oneday,anoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenly,abagofwastefellinthesky,nearlyhittinghimonhishead.Hewasgreatlyfrighteningbytheunexpectedincident.Droppedthethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.Whatdangerousitwas!Obviously,theaccidentcausedbyacarelessneighbourlivinghighlyinanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblamefor.Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreaboutother.Onlywhenweeachbehavedproperlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.答案：Oneday,anoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenly,abagofwastefelleq\o(in,\s\do14(①from))thesky,nearlyhittinghimoneq\o(his,\s\do14(②the))head.Hewasgreatlyeq\o(frightening,\s\do14(③frightened))bytheunexpectedincident.eq\o(Dropped,\s\do14(④Dropping))thethingshehadboughttotheground,heranawayrapidly.eq\o(What,\s\do14(⑤How))dangerousitwas!Obviously,theaccidenteq\o(∧,\s\do14(⑥was))causedbyacarelessneighbourlivingeq\o(highly,\s\do14(⑦high))inanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblameeq\o(eq\o(for,＼),\s\do14(⑧)).Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreabouteq\o(other,\s\do14(⑨others)).Onlywhenweeacheq\o(behaved,\s\do14(⑩behave))properlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.难项分析：第二处：his→the考查冠词。动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位为固定用法，此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部”。第四处：Dropped→Dropping考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语he与分词之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。第九处：other→others考查代词。other为形容词“其他的”；others为代词，指代“其他人”。单元加餐练Ⅰ.完形填空Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull__1__ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot__2__onobviousfacts,andtherefore__3__toacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas__4__andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseof__5__sciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto__6__asfarbackasthe__7__ofRogerBacon,thewonderfulphilosopherofOxford,wholived__8__theyears1214and1292.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgestosuggestthatwemustlearnscience__9__observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself__10__manyimportanttruths.Galileo(1564­1642),however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,__11__begantoshowhowmanyimportant__12__couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.BeforeGalileo,learnedmenbelievedthatlargebodiesfellmore__13__towardstheearththansmallones,__14__Aristotlesaidso.ButGalileo,goingtothe__15__oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo__16__stonesandprovedAristotlewaswrong.ItwasGalileo's__17__ofgoingdirecttoNature,andprovingour__18__andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What__19__thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknowitclearlythatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave__20__betterresults.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者通过实例阐明自己的观点：一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者，不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。1．A.use B．timeC．speed D．trust答案：A根据语境可知，此处是makeuseof“利用，使用”这一固定词组。2．A.relied B．basedC．insisted D．centered答案：B根据该空前的“Hedoesn'tacceptideas”和后面的“onobviousfacts”可知，此处是bebasedon/upon这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。3．A.refuses B．desiresC．intends D．regrets答案：A由空格前面的“doesn'taccept”和“andtherefore”可知，此处应选refuses，表示“拒绝”。4．A.casually B．carefullyC．quickly D．secretly答案：B结合语境“Healwayschecksideas”和后面的“makesexperimentstoprovethem”可知，此处表示仔细地核查那些观点。5．A.natural B．physicalC．ancient D．modern答案：D根据下一段的最后一句话中的“thathasledtoallthediscoveriesofmodernscience”可知，此处表示modernscience“现代科学”的兴起。6．A.date B．keepC．look D．e答案：A由下文的“theyears1214and1292”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。dateback是一个固定词组，意为“追溯到”。7．A.study B．timeC．year D．birth答案：B结合空格后面的“theyears1214and1292”可知，此处表示罗杰·培根那个时代。time这里指“时代，年代”。8．A.both B．eachC．between D．among答案：C根据空格后面的“theyears1214and1292”可知，此处应选between与and连用，表示“在……和……之间”。9．A.in B．withC．on D．by答案：D根据后面的“observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事情并做实验，因此选by。10．A.brought B．discoveredC．took D．gave答案：B结合空格后面的“manyimportanttruths”可知，他本人发现(discovered)了很多重要的真理。11．A.who B．whenC．that D．where答案：A结合空格前面的“wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmen”可知，先行词是men，故用who引导定语从句。12．A.truths B．problemsC．people D．subjects答案：A由空后的“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”及上文第10空所在句子可知，很多真理可以通过观察得到发现。truth“事实，真理”。13．A.slowly B．rapidlyC．lightly D．heavily答案：B结合空格前面的“largebodiesfellmore”和后面的“towardstheearththansmallones”可知，在Galileo之前，学者们认为重的物体比轻的物体自由落体的速度更快，因此选rapidly“迅速地”。14．A.although B．becauseC．when D．if答案：B根据“Aristotlesaidso”的意思可知，这里表示因为(because)亚里士多德是这样说的。15．A.place B．footC．top D．ceiling答案：C结合空格后面的“oftheLeaningTowerofPisa,letfalltwo__16__stones”可知，伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。16．A.big B．smallC．equal D．unequal答案：D由第13空中的关键信息“largebodies”和“smallones”可知，此处表示使用了两个不同重量的石头，因此选unequal“不相等的”。17．A.spirit B．skillC．theory D．discovery答案：A由后面的“ofgoingdirecttoNature”可知，此处表示探索自然的精神(spirit)。18．A.plans B．opinionsC．world D．ability答案：B与后面的“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinions)和理论。19．A.makes B．preventsC．considers D．promises答案：A由下文中的“arethosewhoseobservationshave__20__betterresults”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make“使……变成”符合句意。20．A.foreseen B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged答案：C结合上文中所举的例子可知，观察已经产生(produced)了更好的结果。Ⅱ.阅读理解AAlbertEinsteinhadagreateffectonscienceandhistory,andhisachievementwasevengreaterthanonlyafewothergreatscientistshaveachieved.AnAmericanuniversitypresidentoncesaidthatEinsteinhadmadeanewoutlook,anewviewoftheuniverse.Itmaybesometimebeforetheaveragemindunderstandsfullytheidentity(特性)oftimeandspaceandsoon—butevenordinarymennowunderstandthattheuniverseissomethinglargerthaneverthoughtbefore.By1914youngEinsteinhadbeenworld­famous.HeacceptedtheoffertobeeaprofessoratthePrussianAcademyofScienceinBerlin.Hehadfewduties,littleteachingandunlimitedchancesforstudy,butsoonhispeaceandquietnesswerebrokenbyWorldWarⅠ.Einsteinhatedfightingandkilling.Thegreatsufferingofwaraffectedhimdeeply,andhesatunhappilyinhisofficedoinglittle.Helostinterestinhisresearch.Onlywhenpeacecamein1918washeabletogetbacktowork.IntheyearfollowingWorldWarI,honourswereincreasinglyputonhim.HebecameheadoftheKaiserWhihemInstituteofTheoreticalPhysics.Buthehimselfrefusedtheefforttoputhiminapositionfaraboveotherpeople.Hewaswellknownforhishumble(谦逊的)manner.Heoftensaidthathissuccesswouldcertainlyhavebeenachievedbyothersifhehadneverlived.In1921hewontheNobelPrize,andhewashonouredinGermanyuntiltheriseofNazism(纳粹)whenhewasdrivenfromGermanybecausehewasaJew.篇章导读：本文是一篇人物传记。文章简要介绍了著名科学家爱因斯坦的事迹，及其对科学和历史产生的巨大影响及其重大贡献。1．Themainideaofthefirstparagraphis________.A．thedifficultyofEinstein'sthoughttoothersB．thefeelingofanAmericanuniversitypresidenttowardsEinsteinC．thedifferencebetweenscienceandhistoryD．thechangeinhumanthoughtproducedbyEinstein答案：D段落大意题。第一段讲述了爱因斯坦对科学和历史产生了巨大影响，同时也使人们的思想产生了巨大的变化。2．ItseemstotheAmericanuniversitypresidentthat________.A．EinsteinachievedmorethananyotherscientistinhistoryB．everybodyunderstandsEinstein'sscientificideasC．thenewviewoftheuniversecanbequicklylearnedbyeveryoneD．ourideasabouttheuniversearedifferenttodaybecauseofEinstein答案：D推理判断题。由第一段最后一句可知，爱因斯坦的理论使人们对宇宙的看法发生了转变。3．Einsteindidhisgreatestwork________.A．whenNazismroseB．whenhewasyoungC．duringWorldWarⅠD．afterheleftEurope答案：B推理判断题。由第三段和最后一段可知爱因斯坦在一战和纳粹时期，几乎没有正常工作，排除A项和C项；本文也没有讲述他离开欧洲以后的科研情况，排除D项；由第二段第一句和最后一段第一句可知，B项所述正确。4．Fromthepassagewecanknowthat________.A．GermansusuallyhaveahighrespectforscienceB．EinsteinhadotherinterestsbesidesscienceC．Einsteinwasforcedtoworkagainin1918D．EinsteinledaquietlifeduringWorldWarⅠ答案：A推理判断题。由第四段中的第一、三句及最后一段中的“hewashonouredinGermany”可知，德国人民尊敬爱因斯坦，尊敬科学。B项文中未提及；C、D两项与文意不符。BWhenAlfredNobelcreatedtheprizesthatbearhisname,hedecidedthattheybegivenforworkdoneinthepreviousyear.Butithasledtoallkindsoftrouble—asitdidonceagaint