《跨文化交际》课件-Chapter5（最终版）

跨文化交际与礼仪InterculturalCommunicationandEtiquette

Chapter5Non-VerbalCommunication

CONTENTSWarm-upActivitiesImportantCulturalPointsKeystoExercisesRelatedCulturalResourcesPart1Warm-upActivitiesQuestiontodiscuss:Ifitwereyou,canyouacceptwhatyourfrienddidtoyou?Part1Warm-upActivitiesQuestiontodiscuss:HowcanyougetDr.Brownfromthefrustratedsituation?CulturalPointsLearningPart2Part2CulturalPointsLearningNonverbalcommunicationTimelanguageSpatiallanguageBodylanguageParalanguage5.1IntroductionDiscuss:Whatisnonverbalcommunicationaccordingtoyourundstanding?9

DefinitionofN-VC

Fourareasitcovers:NonverbalcommunicationinvolvesallbehaviorswordspeopleuseintransmittinghismessagewhencommunicatingwithothersTimelanguage(chronemics);Spatiallanguage(proxemics);Bodylanguage(kinesics);Paralanguage(voicemodulation)NonverbalCommunication5.1.1DefinitionofNonverbalCommunicationRepeating(2)Complementing(3)Contradicting(4)Regulating(5)Replacing5.1.2FunctionsofNonverbalCommunicationNonverbalcommunication

TemporalLanguage(chronemics)SpatialLanguage(proxemics)Bodylanguage(kinesics)Paralanguage(voicemodulation)BodydistanceBodytouchPhysicalappearanceGesturePostureFacialexpressionEyecontactVocalPitchTempoVolumeM-TimeP-Time5.1.3ClassificationofNonverbalCommunication5.2.TimeLanguageM-TimeP-TimepastpresentfutureTimeorientation:Past-oriented:emphasisontraditionPresent-oriented:livingforthemomentFutureoriented:apreferenceforchange5.2.1TimeOrientaionMonochronicTime(M-Time)1viewtimeasalinear,segmentandpromt;2doonethingatatime;3emphasisonschedules;4keepappoinmentsPolychronicTime(P-Time):1morehumancentered2lessrigid,lesstangibleandmoreflexible3doseveralthingsatatime

5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTimePractice

A.6:45 B.7:00 C.7:15 D.7:30or8:00Yourareinvitedtoacocktailpartytonightat7:00.Whenareyousupposedtogetthere?Why?ToanAmericanorCanadianhomeToaGermanorSwedenhomeToaLatinAmericanhome5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTimeCBDSummary

Therearetwotimesystems:MonochronicTime(M-Time)andPolychronicTime(P-Time).NorthernAmerican,WesternandNorthernEuropeanculturesaretypicalM-Timecultures.ThetwostrikingfeaturesofM-Timearepunctualityandpromptness.LatinAmerican,African,ArabandmostAsianculturesareP-Timecultures.Theyscheduleseveralactivitiesatthesametimeandthetimeismoreflexibleandmorehuman-centered.5.2.2MonochronicTimeandPolychronicTime5.3SpatialLanguageWhat’swrongwiththem?Whathappened?5.3.1PersonalSpace2-3m1.3-3m45-80cm0-45cmBodyDistance5.3.1PersonalSpaceArabsenvelopeachotherintheirbreath.Comfortableanddesirable5.3.1PersonalSpaceBodydistanceShortMediumLongLatinsMediterraneanArabsMediterraneanEuropeansJapaneseAmericansNorthernEuropeans5.3.1PersonalSpaceSummary

Thereare4typesofdistances:intimate,personal,socialandpublic.LatinsandMediterraneanArabsprefershortdistance.AmericansandNorthernEuropeansfondofmediumdistance.JapaneseandMediterraneanEuropeanswouldlikelongdistance.5.3.1PersonalSpaceBodyTouchDon’ttouchMiddleGroundTouchJapanUntiedStatesCanadaScandinaviaOtherNorthernEuropeancountriesAustraliaEstoniaFranceChinaIrelandIndiaMiddleEastcountriesLatin

AmericancountriesItalyGreeceSpainandPortugalSomeAsianCountriesRussia5.3.2TouchingBehaviorEnglish-speakingcountriesAvoidphysicalcontactIftouchaccidentally,makeanapology“Sorry,oh,I’msorry.”“Excuseme.”5.3.2TouchingBehavior(1)PhysicalAppearance(2)Gesture(3)Posture(4)Facialexpression(5)Eyecontact5.4BodyLanguagePostureWhichgirldoyouthinkisprettier,withmake-ups,orwithnomake-ups?5.4PhysicalAppearanceLookatthefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandfindoutthedifferentmeaningsofthetwogestures.5.4.2Gesture5.4.2Gesture5.4.2GestureInBritainorUS,itmeansgood,greatorwell-doneandisalsousedaskingforfreeride.InGermanandJapan,itmeansNumberone.InPersiancultureitishighlyoffensive.InChinaitmeansgreat,good,youarewonderful.Thumbup5.4.2GestureUS:

OKJapanandKorea:

moneyLatinAmericancountriesandGermany:obsceneTunisian:Iwillkillyou.Arabs:

(abaringofteeth)extremehostility

“ok”5.4.2GestureSignoftellingsbtocomecloserAmerican:wavegoodbyeAmericanChinese5.4.2Gestureattentiveandinterested

absent-mindedorlackinginterest

5.4.3PostureStandIn5.4.3PostureInwesterncountries,inconversaiton,thepeoplewhostandusuallymeansheisinthepositionofahighersocialstatus,higherpositioninthecompanyorelderthanhisinterlocutor.InChina,peoplestanduptoshowrespectwhentheyareintroducedtoothers,whereasincertainPolynesiancultures,peoplesitdown

BeseatedIn5.4.3PostureInChina,StandasstraightasapineandsitasuprightasabellInAmerica,slouchWesternculturesemphasis“ladiesfirst”.InChineseculture,werespectforseniority.Mostofthetime,wewillwaituntiltheeldersbesitted.Inclassroom,InanAmericanclassroom,wemayseetheteachersitonthedesk,orhe/shemayputhis/herfeetonchairs.neverhappeninaChineseclassroomUS:

confortable,

friendlyArab/Thailand:thesoleshould

neverbepointedinthedirectionofanotherperson.Germany/Sweden/China:asignofrudenessandpoormaners5.4.3PostureSadnessAngerSurpriseFearEnjoymentDisgustContempt

5.4.4Facialexpressions

Sadness5.4.4Facialexpressions

Mediterraneancoultures:

exaggeratesignsofgrieforsadness—mencryinginpublicAmerican:

suppresstheemotionsJapanese:

hideexpressionsofanger,sorrow,ordisappointment—laughingorsmilingChinese:

controlemotions—savingfaceSmile5.4.4Facialexpressions

American:asignofhappinessorfriendly

affirmationJapanese:maskanemotionoravoidansweringaquestionKorean:toomuchsmilingashallowpersonThailand:thelandofSmiles5.4.5EyeContact

NorthAmericans:directeyecontactasignofhonestyIfnot,asignofuntruthfulness,shameorembarrassmentEnglanguagesaying:Nevertrustapersonwhocan’tlookyouintheeyes.5.5Paralanguage

Paralanguageisacomponentofmeta-communicationthatmaymodifynuancemeaning,orconveyemotion.VocalPitchTempoVolumnKeystoExercisesPart3IIComprehensionCheck

Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).______1.AmericansandChinesehaveverydifferentwaysinmanipulatingvolumeofspeech.______2.Peoplehaveafullunderstandingoftheimportanceofparalanguageincommunication.______3.Gesturescanbeparticularlytroublesome.Apositivegestureinoneculturemaybean

insultinanotherculture.

______4.Speakingisjustonemodeofcommunication.Therearemanyothers.______5.Peopleinallculturesusenonverbalgesturestocommunicateconsciously.______6.LatinAmerican,African,ArabandmostAsianculturesareM-timecultures.______7.Arabsbelongtotouchculture.______8.Insomecultures,eyecontactshouldbeavoidedinordertoshowrespectorobedience.______9.Nonverbalcommunicationisusedonlyasameansofsubstitutingforverbal

communicationthatcannotadequatelyconveyanintendedmessage.______10.Nonverbalcommunicationistheprocessofcommunicationthroughbodylanguage.TFTTFFTTFFIII.VocabularyCompletethefollowingsentenceswiththewordsgivenbelowandeachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.1.Thebeautifulthingontheworldoftenmakesone___________admiringly.2.Thisbuttonisforadjustingthe________.

3.___________istheuseofmannerofspeakingtocommunicateparticularmeanings4.Theartistaskedhismodeltotakeareclining____________.5.Don't_______!Standupstraight!6.She_______herdisappointmentbylayingherhandonherforehead.7.OneofmycolleaguesexplainedtoherthatChinaisa____________nation.8.Shewastotally___________byhissuddenchangeofmood.9.Iwasnolongerasweet__________littleboy.10,Ifthisofferis__________,Iwillgladlyacceptit.fondlevolume

Paralanguageposureslouchgesturedhospitablebewilderedobedientgenuine

fondleslouchparalanguageposturegestureobedientvolumegenuinehospitablebewilderIV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa1.眼睛是心灵的窗户2.沉默是金，雄辩是银。3.人靠衣装，马靠鞍4.站如松，坐如钟5.与时俱进

1.Theeyesarethewindowtothesoul2.Silenceisgolden,butspeechissilver.3.Finefeathersmakefinebirds4.Standasstraightasapineandsitasuprightasabell.5.advancewithtimes

IV.TranslationTranslatethefollowingChinesephrasesintoEnglishandviceversa6.Silencemeansmorethanwordsatthisverymoment7.Firstcome,firstserved.8.Ifyoudrinkwithabosomfriend,athousandcupsarenotenough;ifyouarguewithsomeone,halfasentenceisenough.9.Timeismoney.10.Arealmannevergoesbackonhiswords.6.此时无声胜有声7.先到先招待。8.酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。9.时间就是金钱。10.一言既出，驷马难追。V.Activities1.SupposeyouareanexchangestudentinAmerican.OneofyourAmericanfriendsinvitesyoutohis/herhouseforhis/herbirthdayparty.Trytousesomespecificexamplestoshowdifferentwaysofnonverbalcommunicationinsuchaninterculturalsituation.Roleplaywithyourpartner.2.SupposeyouaregoingtoinviteyourAmericanfriendsouttodinner,whatistheproperwaytobookatableandsendyourinvitationtoyourAmericanfriends?

VICaseAnalysisSituation1InaChineseclassroomagirlwasaskedtoansweraquestion.Shestoodupandsmiled,withoutmakinganysound.Situation2WhenanAmericanwasparkinghisbikeandthebikeaccidentallyfellover,hefeltembarrassed.WhilethoseChinesepeoplearoundjustlookedathimandlaughed.Situation3Inthediningroom,whenanAmericandroppedaplatequitebyaccidentandfeelsbad,andChineseonlookerslaughed,compoundinghisdiscomfortandcausinghisangerandillfeeling.Questionfordiscussion:Couldyouexplainthemeaningofsmileorlaughineachcase?Case1PartVCaseAnalysisSmilesandlaugherusuallyconveyfriendliness,approval,satisfaction,pleasture,joy,andmerriment.ButveryoftenwesternersareconfusedatthesmileorlaughoftheAsians,whichdoesnotnecessarilymeanhappinessorfriendship.InSituation1,thegirlsmiledtocoverherembarrassmentresultingfromnotbeingabletoanswerthequestion.InSituation2and3,thelanguageis,ofcouse,notatthepersonorhismisfortune---whetherhebeaforeigneroraChinese.Itcanconveyanumberoffeelings;don’ttakeitsoseriously;laughitoff,it’snothing;suchthingscanhappentoanyofus,etc.butasmileusuallymeanshappinesstoanAmerican.PartVCaseAnalysisCase2LiLanhadanAmericanfriendSusan.TheyusuallyhadlunchtogetherandLiLanoftenaskedSusanforadviceonproblemsshefacedadjustingtoAmericansociety.SusangaveLiLanalotofadviceandhelpedhertoimproveherEnglish.OnceLiLanneededurgentlyabigsumofmoneytopayhertuitionfee.SinceshehasnootherfriendsintheStates,sheturnedtoSusanforhelpandpromisedthatshewouldreturnthemoneysoon.ToLiLan’sgreatdisappointment,thistimeSusandidn’tseemhappytolendthemoneytoher.ThoughLiLanreturnedthemoneyasshepromised,theydidn’tgetalongwellfromthenon.Questionfordiscussion:HowwouldyouexplainSusan’sbehaviortowardLiLan?PartVCaseAnalysisPeoplefromdiffrientculturehavediffrientunderstandingaboutfriendship.LiLanandSusanhavedifferentexpectationsoffriendship.IntheWest,peopleprefertobeindependent.Friendswillprovideemotionalsupport,buttheyrarelyborroworlendmoney.Instead,theyaskforloansfromthebank.WhileinChina,peopleofferbothemotionalsupportandconcretehelp,includinggivingmoney.AsanAmerican,SusanwouldliketohelpLiLan,butshedidn’texpectLiLanaskformoney,whichgoesagainsttheprincipleofindependence.WhileasaChinese,LiLanconsidereditnaturaltoborrowmoneyfromSusanwhensheneededthemoneyurgently.IfLiLanknowstheUSculturewell,shemaytrytoaskforaloanfromabank;ifSusanknowstheChineseculturewell,shemayhelpLiLanoutfinanciallybylendingherthemoneyVII.VideoWatchingLietome《别对我说谎》Part4RelatedResources

英语里有句格言：Nevertrustapersonwhocan’tlookyouintheeyes.英美人交谈时，双方正式对方，这是正直与诚实的标志。中国人在交谈时，不一定要正式对方，甚至有时还会有意避免不断的目光接触，以示谦恭，服从或尊敬。虽然英美人习惯交谈时正式对方，但他们又讨厌那种目不转睛的凝视，因为这再他们看来是一种非常粗鲁的行为，好像他们是物而不是人。然而，凝视在中国人看来有时仅是好奇与惊讶，并非无礼。据研究，人们看到有趣的或喜欢的东西，瞳孔会扩大，而看到不喜欢的或厌恶的东西时瞳孔会缩小。这种现象据说古时候的珠宝商就已经知道。他们能从顾客的瞳孔变化推断对方是否对货物有兴趣，从而据顶是抬价还是跌价。据说美国商人与中国珠宝商打交道是会戴上墨镜，以免瞳孔的变化被发现Part4RelatedResources

英美人忌讳从体内发出的各种声音，特别是咳嗽，喷嚏，抽鼻子，清嗓子，打嗝，放屁，肚子咕咕响等在人际交往时，他们会极力抑制这类功能性发声，如果做不到，也要立刻道歉。中国人认为这类行为纯