2025北京八十中高一4月月考英语（教师版）

第1页/共1页2025北京八十中高一4月月考英语2025年4月(考试时间60分钟满分100分)提示：试卷答案请一律填涂或书写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。在答题卡上，选择题用2B铅笔作答，其他试题用黑色签字笔作答。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，40分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题2分，共20分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Lastsummer,onherwaytoworkinMinneapolis,KatieStellerstoppedatatrafficlight,whereamanwassittingwithasignaskingforhelp.She___1___downherwindow,shouting,“Doyouwanta___2___haircutrightnow?”Gettingayes,shepulledofftheroad,tookaredchairfromhercar,andhelpedthemancuthishair.AfterStellerwas___3___,themanlookedinamirror.“Ilookgood!”helaughed.Todate,Stellerhasgivensuchhaircutstopeoplealllivingonthemargins(边缘)aroundthecity,andsheiskeenlyawareofthe___4___ofhercleanupjob.AhaircutchangedSteller’slife:Asateen,withaseveredisease,herhairgotthinned.So,hermotherarrangedforSteller’sfirstprofessionalhaircut,whereshefelt___5___whentalkedtolikeaperson.Afterthat,Stellerknewhowtohelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.“Iwantittobeagateway,toshow___6___,butalsotogettoknowpeople.”In2009,shebeganRedChairProject,___7___outtopeopleonthestreets.WhatbreaksSteller’sheartisjusthowlonelypeoplelook,soshelistenstotheirstoriesoflossandstruggletogetbackontheirfeet.Theattention___8___works.Anditallbeganwitha___9___insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut.“Thewayyoushowupintheworldmatters,”saysSteller,“Ican’tfixpeople’sproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthemfeelless___10___foramoment.”1.A.pulled B.turned C.rolled D.knocked2.A.quick B.free C.unique D.fancy3.A.done B.gone C.spotted D.left4.A.risk B.power C.reward D.function5.A.leftbehind B.calmeddown C.takenaway D.caredabout6.A.faith B.trust C.respect D.interest7.A.sending B.speaking C.pointing D.reaching8.A.hardly B.merely C.apparently D.accidentally9.A.belief B.pride C.lesson D.harmony10.A.guilty B.alone C.depressed D.dissatisfied第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每题2分，共20分)在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词：在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。11.Twentyminers_________(trap)underground,butsoontheywererescued.(所给词的适当形式填空)12.Weshouldtake_________(measure)toprotectendangeredanimals.(所给词的适当形式填空)13.Uptonowlotsoftests________(prove)thatthesystemworks.(所给词的适当形式填空)14.Thereason_________hedidn’tgotoschoolyesterdaywasthathewasill.(用适当的词填空)15.Istillliveintheplace_________Iwasborn.(用适当的词填空)16._________(judge)fromwhathesaid,hewasverydisappointed.(所给词的适当形式填空)17.Thereisnouse_________(protest).Iwillnotchangemymind.(所给词的适当形式填空)18.Theonlything______wecandoistogivehimsomemoney.(用适当的词填空)19.Hewonthefirstprize,_________wasunexpected.(用适当的词填空)20.Stevenisadesigner________workshavewoninternationalpraise.(用适当的词填空)第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共10小题；每小题3分，共30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AManypeoplewanttotravelaroundtheworldandenjoynewcultures,especiallythedifferentfestivals.Therearefestivalsgoingonsomewhereintheworldeverydayoftheyear.Theserangefromverylargeeventswhichinvolvewholecitiestolocalcelebrationsintinyvillagesorneighborhoodsoftownsorcities.Wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.Youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!TheMillionRinggitCharityDuckRace:KualaLumpur,MalaysiaThirteenyearsago,EricSchechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.Theevent,crazyasitmaysound,involvesracing"cool"rubberducksdownalocalwaterwayandhavingmembersofthecommunity"adopt"theducksforachancetowinvaluabledonatedprizes,possiblyeven$1millionbucks.LaTomatina:Bunol,Spain"ThetomatobattleisinhonorofSaintLuisBeltran,thepatronsaintofBunol.Residentsandvisitorstakepartinatomato-throwingbattlethatdecimatesmorethan88,000poundsoftomatoes.ThiscrazyeventbeganwithaseriousaimasasymbolicprotestagainstFranco.ButtheTomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer."MightyMudMania:Scottsdale,Arizona,USA"Children'sdreamsreallydocometrueintheCityofScottsdale.Childrenaged1to13,gettoparticipateinamudracetoendallmudraces.DuringtherunningoftheMightyMudObstacle(泥坑)course,severalmudpitsstrategicallyplaced,providewetandreallydirtyobstaclesaskidscompeteforthefastesttimeineachheat.Therearealsomudpuddlepoolsforthetinytots,andaminimudcourseforthosesixandyounger.Inaddition,MightyMudwayfeatureswaterandmudgames.Therearealsowaterslides,sandcastlebuildingsandfunforallages.Momsanddads,remembertosendyourkidsoutwitholdclothesandshoes.Andhavenofear,RuralMetroFireDepartmentisonhandtoofferplentyofwaterforthemuddychildren."CanberraSledDogClassic:Canberra,AustralianCapitalTerritory,AustraliaDogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofAustralia.Asthere'snosnow(thetrailisearthandsandandissmoothandwidewithafewhillsandturns),thesledshavewheelsinsteadofrunners,buttheexcitementisthesame.21.Whichofthefollowingmeansthesummerisover?A.MightyMudMania. B.LaTomatina.C.CanberraSledDogClassic. D.TheMillionRinggitCharityDuckRace.22.Whatcanyouenjoyinallthefourfestivalsmentioned?A.Fantasticactivities. B.Beautifulbeaches.C.Deliciousfood. D.Amazingsceneries.23.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto_______.A.sharepersonalexperiences B.compareculturesindifferentcountriesC.introducefavorablefestivals D.offerpracticaltipsonchoosingactivitiesBWhenKirkAlexanderwentmissingfor11days,anunlikelysaviorcametohisrescue:hisneighborhoodpizzastore.Almosteverynightformorethantenyears,KirkAlexander,48,ofSalem,OregonorderedalatedinnerfromhislocalDomino’spizzastore.Hehadnosignatureorder.Sometimeshewouldcallforasalad,sometimesapie,sometimeschickenwings.TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.Untilsuddenly,fornearlytwoweeksattheendofApril2016,theydidn’t.ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino’sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander’srecentabsence.“Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,”FullertoldKATU.com.“Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.”FullerknewAlexanderworkedfromhome,andneighborssaidherarelyleft.Shealsoknewthathehadsufferedsomehealthissuesinthepast.Something,Fullerworried,waswrong.Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander’shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander’sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.HecouldplainlyseethatAlexander’sTVsetwason,aswerehislights;butafterseveralminutes,Alexanderstilldidn’tanswerthedoor.HamblenrushedbacktothestoretorelaytheupsettingdevelopmentstoFuller.SheencouragedHamblentodial911.Soon,officerswereontheirway.WhendeputiesfromtheMarionCountySheriff’sofficearrivedatAlexander’shouse,theyheardamancallingforhelpfrominsidetheresidence,deputiessaid.Theybrokethedoordown,andfoundAlexanderonthefloorinneedofimmediatemedicalattention.Onedaylater,andtheymighthavebeentoolate.AlexanderwasrushedtoSalemHospital,wherehewaslistedinstableconditionshortlyafterthedramaticrescue.Inthefollowingweeks,Fuller,Hamblen,andotherstoreemployeeswenttovisithimwithflowersandcards,notingthatAlexandergreetedthemwithknowingsmiles.24.HowdidFullersensethatsomethingwaswrong?A.SheknewAlexanderhadserioushealthproblems.B.Alexanderhadn’torderedchickenwingsfornearly2weeks.C.Alexanderhadneverbeforebrokenhisroutineinthestorefor10years.D.Alexanderhaddisappearedfromthestore’sorderingsystemforabout2weeks.25.Whatcanyouinferfromtheunderlinedsentence?A.HamblenwasfondofknockingatAlexander’sdoor.B.HamblenwasmorethananacquaintancetoAlexander.C.EverytimeHamblenarrivedatAlexander’shouse,hewouldknockfirst.D.WhenHamblenhadenoughtimeinthepast,hewouldgotoAlexander’shouse.26.Thesayingwecanlearnfromthestoryis________.A.BetterlatethanneverB.Bornindistress,dieinpeaceC.DetailsdeterminesuccessorfailureD.EventhewisearenotalwaysfreefromerrorCThehumanbrainissensitivetoshortage.Thesenseofnothavingenoughofwhatweneedmakesitharderforustofocusandplan.Inrecentwork,however,wefoundthatpeoplereacttowatershortageverydifferentlythantheydotoothershortages.Asaspeciesthatisheavilydependentonwater,weseemtobewiredtoplanforit.Thelossofwaterpromptsageneralmindsetofthriftandlong-termthinking.Thisdiscoverycouldhaveimportantimplicationsforhumankind'sresponsetoclimatechange.Weexploredpeople’sthinkingaboutwaterinseveralways.Inoneexperiment,webrought2k1collegestudentstothelabandaskedsomeofthemtoreadanarticleweprovided.Somereceivedanarticlethatwasdesperateintone.Itdetailedpredictionsoftheworst“watershortagein1,200years.”Othersreadamorepositivearticlethatdescribedhowclimatechangemeansmorerainandthereforeenoughwater.Therestofthestudentscompletedthestudywithoutreadinganarticle.Wethenaskedthestudentshowimportantitwastosaveresourcesandthinkaboutthelongterra.Inasurvey,participantswhoreadaboutaseriousshortageagreedmorewithstatementssuchas“Peopleshouldliveforthefuture.”Incontrast,peoplewhoreadaboutafuturewatersurpluswerepushedintheoppositedirection.Comparedwiththosewhohadansweredthequestionswithoutreadingaboutclimatechangeatall,theyweremorelikelytosupportlivingforthepresentandcarelessaboutsavingmoneyandotherresources.Inthefollow-upstudy,welookedforplaceswherecommunitieshaveexperiencedrealwatershortageforgenerations.WefoundtwogeographicallyclosecitiesinIran-ShirazandYazd—thathavesimilareconomiesandthesamemajorityreligion,andlanguagebutsharplydifferentamountsofwater.Shirazreceivesenoughrainfalltosupportvineyardsthatproduceitsworld-famouswine.NearbyYazdisbone-dry.Wegavepsychologicalteststo331peopleinShirazandYazdtomeasurehowmuchindividualsprioritizethefuture.Sureenough,peopleinYazdthoughtthatplanningforthefuturewasmoreimportantthantheseinShirazdid.Acrossstudies,ourfindingssuggestthatwaterhasameaningfulplaceinourthinking—onethatisdistinctfromotherimportantresources,includingwealth.Thereisevidenceofevolutionarywiringforwaterinoursenseofsmell.Humansarebetteratdetectingthescentoffreshrainfallthansharksareatdetectingblood.Thatsensitivitymightbecrucialgoingforward.Climatechangeismakingdroughtsmorecommon.Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethinkpushingentirecommunitiestowardmorecautiousfuture-orientedbehavior.Thatmayofferasliverofhopeinthemiddleofthethreatofclimatechange.27.Whatwasthepurposeoftheexperimentconductedwithcollegestudentsinthelab?A.Toanalyzetheirreactiontoclimatechangepredictions.B.Tomeasuretheircurrentlevelsofresourceconservation.C.Toobservetheirpsychologicalresponsetowaterscarcityarticles.D.Tocomparetheirviewsonlong-termplanningwiththosewhodidn’treadaboutclimatechange.28.What’sthepossiblereasonthattheresearcherschoseShirazandYazdasthesubjectsoftheirstudy?A.Theyareneighboringcitieswithsimilardemographicsbutcontrastingwateravailability.B.Theyhavebeenhistoricallysignificantinwatermanagementpractices.C.Theyarefamousfortheirculturalsignificanceinrelationtowaterconservation.D.Theyhavedifferentclimates,makingthemidealforstudyingenvironmentaladaptation.29.Whydoestheauthorcomparehumanswithsharksinparagraph6?A.Tohighlightthesimilaritiesbetweenhumanandsharkbehaviorinresponsetoresourcescarcity.B.Tosupporttheargumentthathumans’sensitivitytowaterscarcityisrootedinevolutionaryfactors.C.Toemphasizehumans’superiorabilitytodetectwater-relatedsignalscomparedtootherspecies.D.Toillustratetheevolutionarydifferencesinsensitivitytoenvironmentalcuesbetweenhumansandsharks.30.Accordingtothearticle,what’sthesignificanceofthestudy?A.Itshowsthatpeople’sawarenessofclimatechangecanbeprompted.B.Itsuggeststhatwatershortagemayurgehumanstoliveinthemoment.C.Itconfirmsthatpeoplereactsimilarlytoalltypesofresourceshortages.D.Ithighlightstheimportanceofimmediateactionstoaddresswatershortage.第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.____31____WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.____32____Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.____33____Theabsenceofteachingexcellencefromtherankingsissurprisinggiventhelinkbetweenhigh-qualityteachingandstudentsuccess.Qualityteachingisoneofthemostimportantpredictorsofawiderangeofcollegeoutcomes.Rankings,however,areonlyonereasonwhyalowvalueisplacedonteachinginhighereducation.Administratorsoftendon’tviewteachingexcellenceasawaytoincreaseenrolment(注册)orfunding.____34____Researchshowsthatthemoretimeinstructorsspendonteaching,thelowertheirsalary.Whatistheresult?Manyinstructorscontinuetoteachusingtraditionallectures,whichleadtolowersuccessrates.____35____Nevertheless,notmuchwillchangeuntilschoolswithhigh-qualityteachingarerewardedwithmoreresources,higherrankingsandincreasedenrolments.Inthelongterm,universities,organisationsthatrankschools,andothersshouldworktomaketeachingavalued,corepartofthemission.Whatshouldstudentsandtheirfamiliesdo?Theyshouldgivestrongconsiderationtouniversitieswherehigh-qualityteachingisvalued,eventhoughtheschoolsmayberankedlower.A.Highereducationhasachieveditstruepotential.B.Therefore,it’snothighlyvaluedinhiringorpromotion.C.Qualityteachinghasbeenanimportantreputation-buildingfactor.D.However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.E.Effortstoimproveteachingattheuniversitylevelhaverecentlyemerged.F.They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversities.G.Infact,universitiesoftenshiftemphasisfromteachingtootherrankingfactors.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，20分)阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。(共4小题；第40至41题每小题3分，第42题6分，第43题8分，共20分)You’velikelybeenunabletoavoidtalkofthemetaverse(元宇宙)inthepastfewyears.Theterm,firstcoinedbysci-fiauthorNealStephensonina1992novel,hasbecomeavisionofthefutureoftechnologyinourlives.Andifthehype(宣传)istobebelieved,it’swherewe’llbelivingtherestofourdigitallives.“Themetaverseintegratesourphysicalanddigitallives,”saysCathyHacklofFuturesIntelligenceGroup:Putplainly,themetaverseisa3Dvirtualspacethatcanbeaccessedthroughvirtualrealityglasses,addingelementsofthedigitalontopofourday-to-daylives.Youcouldattendconcertsandconferencesinthemetaverse,stagedina3Ddigitalrepresentationofanightcluborconferencecenter.Elsewhere,you'llshopforshoesinavirtualstoreororderfoodinavirtualMcDonald’sandhaveitdeliveredtoyourreal-worldhome.BuildingmetaversetechnologyisconsideredtobethenextstepintheadvanceoftheInternetafterearly21st-cemturydevelopmentssuchassmartphoneapplicationsandsocialmedia.“It’sthefutureoftheinternet.Butit’salsoaboutfurtherconnectivity,”saysHackl.Somebelieveit’sadigitalplaygroundforfriends.Othersthinkithasthepotentialtobethebiggestcommercialspaceforcompaniesandcustomers.Bothinterpretationsarecorrect.In2023,McKinseypublishedValueCreationintheMetaverse,anewreportbasedonsurveysofmorethan3,400consumers,aswellasinterviewswith13seniorleadersandmetaverseexperts.Basedonthisanalysis,webelievethemetaverseisbestcharacterizedasanevolution(进化)oftoday’sinternet—somethingwearedeeplyabsorbedin,ratherthansomethingweprimarilylookat.36.Wheredidtheword“metaverse”comefrom?_______________________________________________________________________________37.Howcanweaccesstothemetaverse?_______________________________________________________________________________38.Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.BasedonMcKinsey’sreport,themetaversecanberegardedasanevolutionbecauseitenablesustolookatwhattheinternetpresentstous._______________________________________________________________________________39.Howdoyoulikethemetaverse?Giveyourreasons.(Inabout40words)____________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案第一部分：知识运用(共两节，40分)第一节：完形填空(共10小题；每小题2分，共20分)【答案】1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.C7.D8.C9.A10.B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述KatieSteller在街上为生活在城市边缘的人提供免费理发服务，希望通过简单的善举让这些人感受到温暖和关怀。【1题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她摇下车窗，喊道：“你现在想免费理发吗？”A.pulled拉；B.turned翻转；C.rolled摇摆，滚动；D.knocked敲。结合下文“shepulledofftheroad(她把车停在路边)”可知，Steller在车里，故此处指“摇下车窗”，rolldown“摇开，旋开”，故选C。【2题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.quick快速的；B.free免费的；C.unique独特的；D.fancy精致的。根据最后一段中“afreehaircut”可知，Steller提供免费理发，故选B。【3题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Steller完成后，那人照镜子。A.done做，结束；B.gone去；C.spotted发现；D.left离开。上文“helpedthemancuthishair”提到Steller给那个男人理发，结合下文“themanlookedinamirror.‘Ilookgood!’”可知，应是理发结束，那个男人照镜子说好看，故选A。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：迄今为止，Steller已经为生活在城市边缘的人们做过这样的理发，她敏锐地意识到自己理发工作的力量。A.risk风险；B.power力量；C.reward回报；D.function功能。根据下文“Afterthat,Stellerknewhowtohelppeoplefeelthewayshe’dfeltthatday.(在那之后，Steller知道如何帮助人们体会她那天的感受)”可知，她通过理发让人们感觉到被平等对待，故她意识到自己所做的工作有很大的力量，故选B。【5题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以，她的母亲为Steller安排了第一次专业的发型，在那里，当她像一个人一样被对待时，她感觉到了被关心。A.leftbehind留下；B.calmeddown冷静下来；C.takenaway拿走；D.caredabout关心。根据上文“withaseveredisease,herhairgotthinned(她得了一场重病，头发变得稀疏了)”以及“whentalkedtolikeaperson”可知，她被平等对待，故是感受到了被关心，故选D。【6题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想让它成为一扇大门，以示尊重，同时也能了解别人。A.faith信念；B.trust信任；C.respect尊重；D.interest兴趣。根据上文“whentalkedtolikeaperson”可知，生病的Steller被平等对待，故此处指展示尊重，故选C。【7题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：2009年，她开始了RedChair项目，向街上的人们伸出援手。A.sending发送，派遣；B.speaking说话；C.pointing指向；D.reaching到达。结合上文讲Steller帮助街上乞讨的人免费理发可知，此处指“向街上的人们伸出援手”，reachoutto“向（某人）提供帮助或支持”，故选D。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：这种关注显然起作用了。A.hardly几乎不；B.merely仅仅；C.apparently显然地，明显地；D.accidentally偶尔，偶然地。根据下文“maybeIcanhelpthemfeelless___10___foramoment”可知，她的倾听很明显起到了作用，故选C。【9题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一切都始于对简单善举的相信，比如免费理发。A.belief信念，相信；B.pride自豪；C.lesson功课，教训；D.harmony和谐。根据空后“insimpleactsofkindness,suchasafreehaircut”和下文“Ican’tfixpeople’sproblems,butmaybeIcanhelpthem…”可知，她相信善举的力量，故选A。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“你在这个世界上的表现方式很重要，”Steller说，“我不能解决人们的问题，但也许我可以帮助他们暂时不那么孤独。”A.guilty内疚的；B.alone孤独的；C.depressed沮丧的；D.dissatisfied不满意的。根据上文“WhatbreaksSteller’sheartisjusthowlonelypeoplelook”可知，Steller通过倾听让人们暂时感到没那么孤独，故选B。第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每题2分，共20分)在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词：在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。11.【答案】weretrapped【详解】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：20名矿工被困在地下，但很快他们就获救了。主语miners和trap是被动关系，结合were可知此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词使用were，故填weretrapped。12.【答案】measures【详解】考查名词复数。句意：我们应该采取措施保护濒危动物。measure是可数名词，前面无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填measures。13.【答案】haveproved【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，大量的测试已经证明该系统是有效的。根据Uptonow可知，prove“证明”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语lotsoftests是复数，所以助动词用have。故填haveproved。14.【答案】why【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他昨天没去上学的原因是他病了。空处引导定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。15.【答案】where【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我仍然住在我出生的地方。空处引导定语从句，先行词是place，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。16.【答案】Judging【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从他说的话来看，他很失望。judgingfrom“根据……判断”，常用作独立成分，作状语，首字母应大写，故填Judging。17.【答案】protesting【详解】考查固定句型。句意：抗议没有用。我不会改变主意的。Thereisnousedoingsth“做某事没有用”，固定句型，故填protesting。18.【答案】that【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们唯一能做的就是给他一些钱。空格处引导定语从句，先行词

thing在从句中作宾语，前面有Theonly修饰，只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。19.【答案】which【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他获得了第一名，这是出乎意料的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。20.【答案】whose【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史蒂文是一位设计师，他的作品赢得了国际赞誉。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是designer，在从句中作定语，designer和works之间是所属关系，空格处用whose引导定语从句。故填whose。第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，40分)第一节(共10小题；每小题3分，共30分)【答案】21.B22.A23.C【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界上精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的四个节日。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据LaTomatina:Bunol,Spain这一小标题下最后一句ButtheTomatinaisnowcelebratedasanamusingwaytoendthesummer.（但是Tomatina现在被当作一种结束夏天的有趣方式来庆祝。）可知，现在Tomatina已经作为庆祝结束夏天结束的一种有趣方式了。这里的endthesummer和题干中summerisover进行了替换。故此题选B。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据文章EricSchechterandhisfriendswerebrainstormingtofindnewwaysofraisingmoneyforlocalcharitieswhentheycameupwiththeideaofrubberduckraces.可知，第一个节日有橡胶鸭子赛跑活动。根据文章ThetomatobattleisinhonorofSaintLuisBeltran可知，第二个节日有番茄大战。根据文章DuringtherunningoftheMightyMudObstacle(泥坑)course可知，第三个节日有泥浆赛跑。根据文章DogsleddingisoneofthefastestgrowingsportsontheeastcoastofAustralia.可知第四个节日有狗拉雪橇活动。所以四个节日的共同特点就是有精彩的活动。故此题选A。【23题详解】推理判断题。文章第一自然段Wehaveselectedafewofthemoreunusual,colorfulfestivalsfromaroundtheworld.Youcanchooseanyoneyoulikebest!（我们从世界各地挑选了一些更不寻常、更丰富多彩的节日。你可以选择你最喜欢的节日!）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知作者写这篇文章的目的就是介绍一些精彩绝伦，又非比寻常的节日。故此题选C。【答案】24.D25.B26.C【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了细心周到的外卖店经理通过观察到常客KirkAlexander打破了每天订餐的习惯，派人上门了解情况，发现Kirk患病在家，及时报警，从而救了Kirk性命的经过。【24题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.(对于SilvertonRoadDomino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第五段““Iwentandlookeduptoseehowlongithadbeensincehelastordered,”FullertoldKATU.com.“Itwas11days,whichwasnotlikehimatall.”(Fuller告诉KATU.com：“我抬头看了看，他上次点单是多久以前的事，发现是11天前的事了，这完全不是他的风格。”)”可知，Fuller通过发现Kirk最近已经有11天（差不多两周）没在外卖店下单了，感到不对劲。故选D项。【25题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“TheonlysurethingforthestaffoftheSilvertonRoadDomino’swasthattheywouldseeAlexander’snameshowupontheironlineorderingsitesometimebetween11p.m.andmidnightseveraltimesaweek.(对于SilvertonRoadDomino的员工来说，唯一可以肯定的是，他们每周会在晚上11点到午夜的某个时候看到Alexander的名字出现在他们的在线订购网站上好几次)”和第七段中的“Around1a.m.onSunday,May8,FullersentlongtimedeliverydriverTraceyHamblentostopinatAlexander’shome.HamblenapproachedAlexander’sdoorashehadcountlesstimesbeforeandknocked.(5月8日星期日凌晨1点左右，Fuller派了长期送货司机特蕾西·汉布伦到亚历山大的家中停留。汉布伦像以前无数次一样，走近亚历山大的门，敲门)”可知，Alexander经常点外卖，而TraceyHamblen是派送员，从画线句推断出为二人十分相熟。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。由第四段“ItwasaslowSaturdaynightonMay7thwhenDomino’sgeneralmanagerSarahFullerfeltshecouldnolongerignoreAlexander’srecentabsence.(5月7日是一个缓慢的周六晚上，Domino的总经理SarahFuller觉得她再也不能忽视Alexander最近的缺席了)”可知，外卖店经理通过细心观察，察觉到了顾客Kirk点餐习惯发生的变化，最后救了Kirk的命，告诉了我们“细节决定成败”的道理。故选C项。【答案】27.C28.A29.B30.A【导语】这是一篇说明文，研究表明，仅仅意识到水资源短缺就会影响人们的思维和行动，让人们更倾向于长远规划和减少浪费。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inrecentwork,however,wefoundthatpeoplereacttowatershortageverydifferentlythantheydotoothershortages.(然而，在最近的工作中，我们发现人们对水资源短缺的反应与对其他短缺的反应非常不同)”和第三段中“Weexploredpeople’sthinkingaboutwaterinseveralways.Inoneexperiment,webrought211collegestudentstothelabandaskedsomeofthemtoreadanarticleweprovided.(我们从几个方面探讨了人们对水的看法。在一个实验中，我们把211名大学生带到实验室，让其中一些人阅读我们提供的一篇文章)”可知，在实验室里与大学生进行实验的目的是观察他们对水资源短缺的文章的心理反应，故选C。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中“WefoundtwogeographicallyclosecitiesinIran—ShirazandYazd—thathavesimilareconomiesandthesamemajorityreligion,andlanguagebutsharplydifferentamountsofwater.(我们在伊朗发现了两个地理位置相近的城市——Shiraz和Yazd——它们有着相似的经济、相同的宗教信仰和语言，但水量却大不相同)”可知，研究人员选择Shiraz和Yazd研究是因为它们是相邻的城市，人口结构相似，但水资源供应却截然不同，故选A。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段“Acrossstudies,ourfindingssuggestthatwaterhasameaningfulplaceinourthinking—onethatisdistinctfromotherimportantresources,includingwealth.Thereisevidenceofevolutionarywiringforwaterinoursenseofsmell.Humansarebetteratdetectingthescentoffreshrainfallthansharksareatdetectingblood.(通过研究，我们的发现表明，水在我们的思维中有着重要的地位——它与其他重要资源（包括财富）截然不同。有证据表明，在进化过程中，我们的嗅觉与水有关。人类比鲨鱼更善于察觉新鲜降雨的气味)”可知，前两句提到人类对水资源短缺的敏感性源于进化因素，最后一句提到将人类和鲨鱼相比是为了支持上述观点，故选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ourworksuggeststhatasmanyplacesdryup,globalwarmingcouldreshapehowpeoplethinkpushingentirecommunitiestowardmorecautiousfuture-orientedbehavior.(我们的研究表明，随着许多地方干涸，全球变暖可能会重塑人们的思维方式，推动整个社区采取更谨慎的面向未来的行为)”可知，这项研究的意义在于它表明人们对气候变化的认识是可以提高的，故选A。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，共10分)【答案】31.D32.F33.G34.B35.E【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。【31题详解】根据空前内容“It’sajoyfulandstressfultimeofyearintheUnitedStatesforstudentsandtheirfamiliesastheymakedecisionsaboutwheretoattendcollege.Familiesoftenturntorankingssystemstohelpmakeadecision.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emergingresearchsuggeststhatcoursesinlower-rankeduniversities,onaverage,scoredhigheronteachingthancoursesinhigher-rankeduniversities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“However,therankingsignoreacriticalfactor:thequalityofteaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。【32题详解】根据空前内容“WhenItalktofamiliesasascholarofhighereducation,they’reoftensurprisedthatteachingexcellenceisnotcountedinrankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’reevenmoresurprisedathowteachingisundervaluedbyuniversiti