高考英语长难句解析上

解析高考英语阅读中长难句1/47 长难句通常含有较多、较长修饰成份、并列成份或从句。 了解长难句关键是了解长难句类型，理清句子成份，抓住句子中关键部分。2/471、带有较多成份简单句。Havingchosenfamilytelevisionprogramsandwomen’smagazines，thetoothpastemarketer，forinstance，mustselecttheexacttelevisionprogramsandstationsaswellasthespecificwomen’smagazinestobeused.

一、长难句分类3/472、含有多个简单句并列句。

Inthe1970s,hewasasurgeonatYale，andhadawonderfulwifeandfivebeautifulchildren，buthewasterriblyunhappy.4/47

Ican’tliveinfearofthepossibilitythatastheearth’spopulationgrowsandweusemoreandmoreofournonrenewable(不能再生)resources，ourchildrenmayhavetoleadpoorerlives.3、含有多个从句复合句。5/474、含有多个插入成份句子。Hisjourneytothee-mailhellbeganinnocently（无知地）enoughwhen,aschairmanofComputerAssociatesInternational，asoftwarecompany，hefirstheardhowquicklyhisemployeeshadacceptedtheirnewelectronic-mailsystem.6/475、并列复合句。Ihaveknownchangesforthebetterandchangesfortheworse，butIhaveneverquestionedthefactthatwhetherIlikeditornot，changewasunavoidable.7/47Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.6、倒装句。8/47

1、复合从句

不论句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分组成，即主干和修饰成份。

主干是整个句子骨架，主要指主谓宾结构或主系表结构。而修饰成份在句中只起修饰或补充主干作用，它既能够是单词，也能够是短语，更常见则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从句。 经过仔细分析，将每个修饰成份划出来，找出句子主干，这么整个句子结构就清楚了。二、长难句归纳9/472、分隔结构

为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要是为了平衡句子结构，防止头重脚轻，使语义严密，将语法关系亲密两个句子成份用其它语法成份分隔开来。 考试中出现较多是插入语、用破折号插入新话题或补充信息。另外，还有一些句子成份（普通是定语）过长而出现后置，也能够看作是插入现象。只不过它只是句子原有成份位置调整，没有新增信息。

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3、成份省略

在英语句子中，节约用词是一条主要修辞标准。省略主要是为了防止重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。成份省略普通和从句相结合，一正一反，使句子富于改变，增强表现力。

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4、改变语序

改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定常规语序做法，或是为了强调句子意义表示重心，或是强调一个表示语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有显著标志。12/47

(1)

结构分析法

经过语法分析，快速搞清句子结构，把握住句子基本框架。首先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子关键成份，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子从属成份。

三、分析长难句方法策略13/47句子判断简单句并列句复合句主干并列连词隶属连词14/47

However,whospecializeinageingthehumanbodyisjustnotdesignedtolastpastabout120years.

方法一：较复杂单句处理方法——找主、谓语，即找主干成份

manyscientistsaredoubtfulaboutitandsay15/47方法二：并列句处理方法---找并列连词MissGermaine’smotherlookedanxiousthroughtheweddingMr.Cordell’sparentsarereportedtobelessthandelighted.

and16/47方法三：主从复合句处理方法---找隶属连词awoman’sclosestfemalefriendmightbethefirsttotellhertoleaveafailingmarriage，itwasn’tunusualtohearamansayhedidn’tknowhisfriend’smarriagewasinserioustroubleheappearedonenightaskinghecouldsleeponthesofa.Whereasthatthatuntilif17/47方法四：并列和主从复合句并存处理方法——先读懂并列句，再看主从复合句

youaskpeopletonameonepersonhadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,noneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.butIfwhowho18/47

(2)意群阅读法

把意义和语法结构上相关联几个词连接成较完整信息。此方法不但有利于提升阅读速度，而且有利于对句子整体了解。

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分析：①是状语从句，②是主句，③是with引导介词短语作状语，修饰谓语。这么，把整个句子划为3个意群，能够大大提升阅读速度。

Whentwocarstravellingat30mhhiteachother，anunbelteddriverwouldmeetthewindshieldwithaforceequaltodivingheadfirstintothegroundfromaheightof10meters.20/471.句子信息量大，结构复杂，附加成份多（几个从句同时出现）2.分隔现象普遍（主谓分隔、同位语分隔、定语分隔等）3.省略现象

四、长难句几个特点

这些都增加了阅读难度。所以在回归语篇复习时，要利用所学知识去突破英语阅读中长难句。21/47五、分析长难句注意事项1、是否有同位语和插入语。2、是否有省略、倒装和分隔等现象。3、替换词所指对象。4、判断并列成份层次。5、句首并列连词and、or、but、for通常起承上启下作用，不要将他们归入后文句法分析。22/47五、分析长难句注意事项6、在从句多句子中，从句中又包含从句现象。7、非限定动词短语在句中作次要成份（定语和状语）时又带着自己较长隶属成份，尤其是状语从句或宾语从句时结构分析。8、在有多个从句复合句和并列句中，状语（单个词、短语或从句）终究是全句修饰语还是某个从句或词语修饰语。23/4724/47

ChinesePremierLiKeqianggreetsjournalistsuponarrivingathispressconferenceaftertheclosingmeetingofthesecondannualsessionofChina's12thNationalPeople'sCongress(NPC)attheGreatHallofthePeopleinBeijing,capitalofChina.25/47

KUALALUMPUR-InvestigatorsbelievesomeoneaboardamissingMalaysianairplanedeliberatelyshutoffitscommunicationsandtrackingsystems,turnedtheplanearoundandflewfornearlysevenhoursafteritvanished,PrimeMinisterNajibRazaksaidonSaturday.Where?26/47Practice1.

SchoolsacrossChinaareexpectedtohire50,000collegegraduatesthisyearasshort-termteachers,almostthreetimesthenumberhiredlastyear,tohelpreduceunemploymentpressures。(江苏)

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However，thoseofuswhoareparentsofchildreninthisagegroupknowthatsuchoffersarerelativelyrareandthatmanyliberal-artsstudents(文科生)graduatewiththebeliefthattheprospective(预期)workplacemaynothaveaplaceforthem.28/47找主干，理清思绪；寻关联，识别逻辑即先寻找主句--整个句子骨架，尤其是主句谓语动词，再寻找隶属连词，识别和确定从句与主句逻辑关系（从句是主句何种成份）。Practice2

Todayitisnotunusualforastudent，evenifheworksparttimeatcollegeandfulltimeduringthesummer，tohave$5,000inloans(贷款)afterfouryears—loansthathemuststarttorepaywithinoneyearaftergraduation.29/47TypesandStrategies

Ⅲ.并列和主从复合句并存复杂句型

IfyouaskpeopletonameonepersonwhohadthegreatesteffectontheEnglishlanguage,youwillgetanswerslike“Shakespeare”,“SamuelJohnson”,and“Webster”,butnoneofthesemenhadanyeffectatallcomparedtoamandidn’tevenspeakEnglish—William,theConqueror.30/47分层次，先并列，后主从即先找出其中并列连词，然后再依据并列连词意思理清分句之间关系（顺连关系、反连关系、因果关系或转折关系等），再经过隶属连词区分主从复合句逻辑关系。Practice3

HefoundoutthatKitWilliamshadspenthischildhoodnearAmpthill，inBedfordshire，andthoughtthathemusthavetriedthehareinaplaceheknewwell，buthestillcouldnotseetheconnectionwithKatherineofAragon,untilonedayhecameacrosstwostonecrossesinAmpthillParkandlearntthattheyhadbeenbuiltinherhonorin1773．31/47TypesandStrategies

Ⅳ.各种特殊结构创新句型

主要形式有省略、插入语、前置、倒装、强调等结构以及被动结构和分隔式定语从句，同位语从句和双重否定等非常规结构Strategies:简化结构，直奔主题；调整语序，补充成份，还原原来面目32/47Practice4Themagazineismale-targetingbecauseyoungguysgenerallywon’tpickupamagazinethatappearstobedirectedatfemales,whereasgirlsusuallywill.Thelackofrightmale(男性)rolemodelsinmanyoftheirlives—athomeandparticularlyintheschoolenvironment(环境)—meansthattheirpeersaretheonlypeopletheyhavetojudgethemselvesagainst.(辽宁卷C篇)

pickupamagazinethatappearstobedirectedatfemales33/47

Before1066,inthelandwenowcallGreatBritainlivedpeoplesbelongingtotwomajorlanguagegroups.

Andyourpersonalcar,ifyouhaveone,becomesjustonemoretoolinthetoolbox----andoftenaninadequateone,limitingbothyourmobilityandyourwallet.(湖北卷B篇)

Peopleslivedintheland34/47NMET,goforit!Challengeit!

35/47(宜昌三月)27.AscelebratingtheSpringFestivalmeansfamilyreunion,notbeingabletoreturnhometoaccompanytheirparentswas_____regretformigrantlaborers(打工者).A.ultimateB.fundamentalC.adequateD.superior（，湖北）28.Clinicalevidencebeganto_____,suggestingthatthenewdrugshadawiderrangeofusefulactivitiesthanhadbeenpredictedfromexperimentsinanimals． A．operate B．strengthen C．approve D．accumulate36/47（稳派创新15，完型）……Hehasgivenawaycloseto£100,000topeoplehehasmetaroundtheworld.Hehandsthosethathechooseacard36hisprojectandallowsthem48hoursto37……36.A.askingB.answeringC.expressingD.explaining37.A.getintouchB.getinexchangeC.getalongD.getaround37/47…….

Eachwritinginherownunmistakablevoice,PerriandSheilataketurnsexploringthejoysandpains,theloveandbitterness,theminortroublesandlastingrespectthathavealwaysbondedthemtogether.SheiladescribestheadventureofgivingbirthtoPerriinatinytowninTrinidadwhereherhusbandwasdoingresearchfieldwork.Perriadmitsthatshecan’tsortoutallthemessinthehouseholds,eventhoughsheknowsitdriveshermothercrazy.Togethertheycomparethoughtsonbringingupchildrenandworking,admitlong-hiddensorrows,andenjoypreciousmemories.（湖北，阅读B）57.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thecontentofthebook.B.Thepurposeofthebook.C.Theinfluenceofthebook.D.Thewritingstyleofthebook.从…exploringthejoysandpains…和…describestheadventureofgiving…以及…comparethoughtsonbringingupchildrenandworking,…几个长句了解是

PerriandSheila

所写书内容。38/47

Lookingdeepintothelivestheyhavelivedseparatelyandtogether,PerriandSheilatelltheirmother-daughterstorywithhonesty,humor,enthusiasm,andadmirationforeachother.Awrittenaccountintwovoices,EveryMotherIsaDaughterisaduet(二重奏)thatproducesadeep,strongsoundwiththeexperiencesthatallmothersanddaughterswillrecognize.（湖北，阅读B）58.Howarewomen’slivesexploredinthisbook?A.Inamusicalform.B.Throughfieldresearch.C.Withuniquewritingskills.D.Fromdifferentpointsofview.58.D【命题立意】综合了解题。【解析】文章中intwovoices在EveryMotherIsaDaughter一书中写到母女生活经历，思想感情，对社会了解能够知道，作者是从不一样角度去描述妇女生活。39/47

(宜昌三月)Thenaughtychildadmittedregretfullythatverylittleuse____________________theprecioustimeinthepast.(make)那个调皮胡孩子后悔认可过去极少利用宝贵时间。(稳派创新20)wefinallygotto___________________________________,whichthevillagersusedasaschool.(what)我们最终抵达这个曾经是一个古老寺庙地方，现在村民当做学校来用。wasmadeofwhatwasonceanoldtemple40/47世界环境日为了提醒世人，人类活动对环境危害，它呼吁政府组织各种活动来保护改进我们生存空间。InEnglishwriting,weshouldturnsimplesentencesintocomplexsentencesInordertoremindtheworldoftheharm.Humanactivitiesdoharmtotheenvironment.WorldEnvironmentDaycallsonthegovernmenttoprotectandimproveourlivingspace.WorldEnvironmentDayisintendedtoremindtheworldtobeawareoftheharmthathumanactivitiesdototheenvironmentandcallsonthegovernmentstolaunchvarietiescampaignstoattachimportancetoprotectingandimprovinghumanenvironment.

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1.Theirstudyfoundthattheobromine，foundincocoa，wasnearlyathirdmoreeffectiveinstoppingcoughsthancodeine，whichwasconsideredthebestcoughmedicineatpresent.

TheImperialCollegeLondonresearcherswhopublishedtheirresultsonlinesaidthediscoverycouldleadtomoreeffectivecoughtreatment，“whilecoughingisnotnecessarilyharmful(有害)itcanhaveamajoreffectonthequalityoflifeand”thisdiscoverycouldbeahugestepforwardintreatingthisproblem，”saidProfessorPeterBarnes.(NMET全国IID篇)53.AccordingtoProfessorBarnes，theobromine______.

A.cannotbeaseffectiveascodeine

B.canbeharmfultopeople’shealth

C.cannotbeseparatedfromchocolate

D.canbeamoreeffectivecureforcoughs

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2.MuchoftheenergythatcomesfromtheSunneverreachestheEarth’ssurface.Itiseitherreflectedorabsorbedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere.Oftheenergythatreachestheloweratmosphere，30%isreflectedbycloudsortheEarth’ssurface.Theremaining70%warmsthesurfaceoftheplanet.(NMET江苏卷B篇)

60.OnlyasmallpartoftheSun’senergyreachestheEarth’ssurfacebecausemostofitis______.

A.absorbedbythecloudsintheloweratmosphere

B.reflectedbythegasesintheupperatmosphere

C.lostintheupperandloweratmosphere

D.usedtoevaporatewaterfromtheoceansandlakes

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3.TheresponsetoherrequestforhelpwassohugethatPoeestablishedKidsForACleanerEnvironment(KidsF.A.C.E.)in1989.Therearenow300，000membersofKidsFACEworldwideandistheworld’slargestyouthenvironmentalorganization.(NMET山东卷D篇)

72.KidsF.A.C.Eis______.

A.aprogramtohelpstudentswithwriting

B.aprojectoflitterrecycling

C.acampaignlaunchedbyPresiden