高考英语复习-语法专项-九情态动词和虚拟语气

九、情态动词和虚拟语气1/43一、情态动词考点19大情态动词基本使用方法1.can/could(1)表示能力(could惯用于过去能力)*Thepolicestillhaven’tfoundthemissingchild,butthey’redoingalltheycan.2/43(2)表示理论上可能性,“有时候可能会”(用在必定句中)*Itcanbequitewindythere,especiallyinspring.(3)表示请求和允许,口语中惯用could代替can(could用来表示现在,用以委婉地提出请求等,但回答时必须用can)*CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?3/43(4)表示推测“可能”(用于否定句、疑问句中)*Justbepatient.Youcan’texpecttheworldtochangesosoon.4/432.may/might(1)表示请求、允许、许可,might比may语气更委婉*—MayItakethebookout?—I’mafraidnot.(2)表示推测“可能”,可能性比can/could小*—Idon’treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?—Don’tworry.Hemightnotcome.Hesaidhewasn’tcertainwhathisplanswere.5/433.must(1)表示“必须;应该”*—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?—Iamafraidyoumust,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.(2)表示“偏要,硬要”做某事*Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.6/43(3)表示推测,“一定”*—Goodmorning.I’vegotanappointmentwithMissSmithinthePersonnelDepartment.—Ah,goodmorning.YoumustbeMrsPeter.7/434.shall(1)用于第一、三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见*Shallwegotothetheatrebybus?(2)用于第二、三人称陈说句,表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁;另外,表示法律、条文中要求必须……时也用shall8/43*—Willyoureadmeastory,Mummy?—OK.Youshallhaveoneifyougotobedassoonaspossible.9/435.should(1)表示劝说和提议,作“应该”讲*Youshouldlearnfromeachother.(2)表示诧异、意外等情绪,意为“竟然”*Itissurprisingthatyoushouldnotknowit.10/43(3)用在if条件句中,表示可能性很小,但也不是完全不可能*Ifyoushouldfailtocome,askMrSmithtoworkinyourplace.11/436.will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿*—Whydidn’tyoucometoSimon’spartylastnight?—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.(2)表示“请求;提议”。用would比will委婉、客气些*Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?12/43(3)表示习惯,will能够表示现在习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去习惯性动作用would*Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.(4)表示事物某种性质和倾向,或按规律“注定会”*Oilwillfloatonwater.13/437.need表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中*Ineedn’tworryaboutmyweekend—Ialwayshavemyplansreadybeforeitcomes.14/438.dare表示“敢;勇于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,普通不用于必定句。Idaresay是习惯说法,意为“我想,大约”*Idaren’tcatchthemouse.15/439.oughtto表示义务,意为“应该”,语气比should强,表示不十分必定或含蓄推测,意为“应是,应该”*Yououghttoworkharderthanbefore.16/43【点津】3组易混词(组)使用方法比较情态动词主要使用方法can(could)/beabletocan/couldcan只有现在式和过去式(could),表示普通能力beableto有更多时态形式,was/wereableto表示经过努力、克服困难成功做到了某事must/havetomust侧重表示说话人主观看法,常译为“非要,偏要”;只有一个形式haveto表示客观需要,有各种时态形式17/43情态动词主要使用方法would/usedtowould表示过去习惯性或重复性动作,没有与现在对比含义usedto表示过去经常发生动作或存在状态,强调今昔对比(意味着“现在不再……了”)18/43【典例剖析】单句改错(·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.解题关键:情态动词can后要接动词原形。答案判定:chose改为choose19/43【高考题组】单句改错/单句语法填空1.(·全国卷Ⅱ)Wecanlieonthegrassforarest,orsatbythelakelisteningtomusic.(改错)_________2.(·北京高考)Ilovetheweekend,becauseI_______getupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.3.(·全国卷Ⅰ)Youmay____(find)thatyourchildisattractedbyonemorethananother.

sat改为sitneedn’tfind20/43考点25大表示推测情态动词使用方法比较情态动词适用句式适用时态意义must必定句普通时、进行时、完成时一定、必定Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago,asastrong-willedman.21/43情态动词适用句式适用时态意义can(could)疑问句,否定句普通时、进行时、完成时可能,能够Itcan’tbethepostmanatthedoor.It’sonlysixo’clock.22/43情态动词适用句式适用时态意义may(might)必定句,否定句普通时、进行时、完成时可能,可能—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain,butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.—Howunbelievabletogetitback!Imean,someonemighthavestolenit.23/43情态动词适用句式适用时态意义should(oughtto)必定句,否定句普通时、完成时确定或期待,“应该”Ishouldn’thavewatchedthatmovie—it’llgivemehorribledreams.will(would)必定句、否定句、疑问句普通时、进行时、完成时大约Thiswillbethehouseyou’relookingfor.24/43二、虚拟语气考点1状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法1.非真实条件句中虚拟语气使用方法if条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式表示现在情况动词过去式(be过去式用were)should/would/could/might+动词原形IfIhadtime,Iwouldgothere.25/43if条件从句从句谓语形式主句谓语形式表示过去情况had+过去分词should/would/could/might+have+过去分词Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youcouldn’t/wouldn’thavemissedthebus.表示未来情况should+动词原形should/would/could/might+动词原形动词过去式wereto+动词原形Ifitshouldrain/rained/weretoraintomorrow,thesportsmeetingwouldbeputoff.26/432.目标状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法forfearthat/incase+从句:从句谓语用should+动词原形,意为“以防,万一”。*Wegotupearlyforfearthatweshouldmisstheearlybus.27/433.方式状语从句中虚拟语气使用方法asif/asthough+从句:(1)与现在事实相反,从句用普通过去时;(2)与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时;(3)与未来事实相反,从句谓语用would/could/might+动词原形。*ShespeaksEnglishasif/asthoughshewereanativeofNewYork.28/434.一些特殊结构虚拟语气(1)在条件句中省略:假如虚拟条件句中含有were,should,had三个词,可将if省略,把这三个词前置于主语之前,形成部分倒装。*WereIinyourposition,Iwoulddothesame.29/43(2)错综时间虚拟句:当条件状语从句所表示行为和主句表示行为所发生时间不一致时,这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间虚拟句。动词形式要依据它所表示时间做出对应调整。*Ifyouhadtakenthedoctor’sadvice,youwouldbebetternow.30/43(3)含蓄虚拟条件句:有时假设情况并不以条件句表示出来,而是暗含在上下文中,如经过介词(短语)with,without,butfor等来表示。*WewouldhaveputJohn’snameontheracelistyesterdaybutforhisrecentinjury.31/43考点2其它从句中虚拟语气使用方法1.主语从句中虚拟语气Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity+that从句,从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。*It’sstrangethatshe(should)makesomuchtrouble.32/432.宾语从句中虚拟语气(1)表示“提议,命令,要求”等意义时,宾语从句用“(should+)动词原形”。①坚持:动词insist;②命令:order,command;③提议:动词advise,suggest,propose,recommend;④要求:动词request,require,demand,ask。*Teachersrecommendparentsnotallowtheirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.33/43【点津】①suggest意为“表明,暗示”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气;②insist意为“坚持说”时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。34/43(2)Iwish(that)+宾语从句(虚拟语气)。①表示愿望与“现在事实相反”,从句用普通过去时;*Howhewishesthathewereabird!②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时;*WewishthatwehadvisitedtheGreatWalllastyear.③表示未来愿望实现可能性很小,从句惯用could/would+动词原形。*Wewishwewouldliveonthemoononeday.35/43(3)wouldrather/prefer+that从句(从句用虚拟语气)①表示愿望与“现在事实或未来事实相反”,从句用普通过去时。*Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.②表示愿望与“过去事实相反”,从句用过去完成时。*Iwouldratheryouhadn’tdonethat.36/433.表语从句和同位语从句中虚拟语气(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其组成是“(should+)动词原形”。*Hegaveordersthattheguests(should)behospitablyentertained.37/43(2)asif,asthough引导表语从句惯用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用普通过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。*Itlooksasifhewere10yearsyoungertoday.*Itlooksasifhehadn’thadamealforaweek.38