高考英语-重难增分篇-第七讲-主谓一致

第七讲主谓一致

第一课时知识过关课李仕才1/322/323/32读语篇，悟语法。重复朗诵以下短文。领悟画线黑体部分。思索：主谓一致包含哪些标准？分别在什么情况下使用语法一致标准、意义一致标准和就近标准？MyseatmateJames,whoseparentshavebeenteaching[1]EnglishinGuangzhoufortenyears，comes[2]fromtheUnitedStates,whichis[3]oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.Heaswellashisparentsenjoys[4]livinginGuangzhoubecauseneitherJamesnorhisparentsfind[5]itdifficulttoadapttothelifeinChina.Intheiropinion,manyacustomhereis[6]easytounderstandandtenyearsis[7]enoughforthemtogetusedtoallthecustoms.4/32I,togetherwithJames,extremelylike[8]Englishbutphysicsseems[9]ratherdifficultforus.Besides，bothheandIare[10]veryfondofreadingstorybooks,andtheArabian

Nights

is[11]oneofthemostinterestingbooksthathavebeenread[12]byus.Ourclassis[13]unitedasabigfamily.Nowtheclassare[14]preparingforthecomingsportsmeet,solargequantitiesofourrecenttimehavebeenspent[15]onit.Whatweneedis[16]aqualifiedcoachbecausebeingtrainedproperlyis[17]ofgreatimportance.Weeachareallawarethateachofusplays[18]animportantroleinourclass.Wehavedecidedtoholdacelebrationifgettingagoodresultbutwhenandwherewearegoingtoholdithasn’tbeendecided[19]．5/321．语法一致标准，复数主语用复数谓语动词。2．语法一致标准，单数主语用单数谓语动词。3．意义一致标准，若主语形式上为复数，而意义上是单数，动词要用单数。本句中theUnitedStates即使形式上是复数，但指是一个国家，替换它which作主语，谓语用单数。4．语法一致标准，“Aaswellas/togetherwith/withB”结构在主语位置时，主语是A，所以，谓语动词与A保持一致。6/325．就近标准，由or，either...or，nor，neither...nor，notonly...butalso，not...but连接并列主语，通常按照就近一致标准，谓语动词单、复数形式依照靠近它主语而定。6．语法一致标准，“manya(很多)/morethanone(不只一个)＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。7．意义一致标准，表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、度量、容量、温度等复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。8．语法一致标准，主语后面接说明主语修饰语togetherwith，谓语动词不受修饰成份影响，仍保持同主语一致关系。7/329．意义一致标准，以­ics结尾表示学科名词作主语时，通常表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数形式。10．语法一致标准，当主语是both...and连接并列结构，假如主语指是两个或两个以上人或物，则谓语动词用复数。11．意义一致标准，复数形式专有名词(表示国家、城市、机构、组织以及书籍、报纸、杂志等)作主语，通常作为整体对待，谓语动词用单数。12．语法一致标准，oneof＋复数名词＋定语从句，之前有theonly，thevery，thejust等限定词时，定语从句谓语动词用单数形式，如没有这些限定词和修饰语，定语从句谓语动词采取复数形式。8/3213．意义一致标准，集体名词class假如作整体对待，谓语动词用单数形式。14．意义一致标准，集体名词class假如作个别组员对待，谓语动词用复数形式。15．当“(large)quantitiesof＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。16．当what引导主语从句，或由and连接两个动词不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词数应依据意义一致标准来决定。17．语法一致标准，非谓语动词(动词v.-­ing形式、不定式)作主语时，谓语动词普通用单数形式。18．当“each＋of＋名词/代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。19．语法一致标准，从句作主语时，谓语动词普通用单数形式。9/32Ⅰ.单句填空(用所给词正确形式填空)1．Eitheryouortheheadmaster________(be)tohandouttheprizestothosegiftedstudentsatthemeeting.2．Theteacher,with6girlsand8boysofherclass，___________(visit)amuseumwhentheearthquakestruck.3．Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict________(be)coveredwithtreesandgrass.4．Nowadays,alargenumberofwomen，especiallythosefromthecountryside，________(work)intheclothingindustry.iswasvisitingiswork10/325.Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth_________________(wash)awayeachyear.6．Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho________(be)awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.7．Everypossiblemeans______________(use)topreventtheairpollution,buttheskyisstillnotclear.8．Whenandwheretogofortheon­salaryholiday____________________(not,decide)yet.arebeingwashedhasbeenhasbeenusedhasnotbeendecided11/329．Shehassetanewrecord,thatis,thesalesofherlatestbook______________(reach)50million.10．ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants，____________(work)ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.11．He______________(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.12．“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking.”Jane____________(inform)．havereachedisworkingwaspretendingwasinformed12/32Ⅱ.单句改错(以下每句中有一处错误，每处错误仅包括一个单词增加、删除或修改，请指出并更正。)1．Tomhavebeenreadingthatbookallthemorningsoheistirednow.____________2．Aseverybodyknows,politicsarenowtaughtinallschools.____________3．Kate,oneofmygoodfriends,comefromGuangzhou.____________4．Asweallknow,peoplespeaksEnglishallovertheworld.____________5．Theteacher,togetherwithhisstudents,areplantingtreesonthestreet.____________have→hasare→iscome→comesspeaks→speakare→is13/326．Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherwishforaholiday.____________7．Itistheparentsandtheirsonthatwantstobuythebicycle.____________8．Manyastudenthavebeensenttoplanttrees.____________9．Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit._____________________10．ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorningdoyoualotofgood.____________wish→wisheswants→wanthave→has第二个was→weredo→does14/32Ⅲ.语篇填空(阅读下面短文，按照句子结构语法性和上下文连贯要求，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词正确形式。)Ourschoollibrary，alongwithmanyotherbuildings,isverydifferentfromotherschools’.There1.________(be)twocomputerrooms，threeartrooms,ameetingroomandareadingroominthelibrarybuilding.Thenumberofthebooks2.________(be)large,andmaybethereare100,000booksinit.Itissaidthatallthebookscostourschool200,000dollars.Maybe200,000dollars3.________(be)largetoeverystudent.Intheeraofknowledgeexplosion,thenumberofthestudentswho4.________(have)athirstforknowledgeisincreasingdaybyday.Nowadays,ourlibraryhasbeendevelopedintoa15/32Multifunctionalbuilding.Thereare50computersinit.Manyastudent5.________(like)tosurftheInternetatweekendshere，andnowyoucanseethatmyclassmates,MikeandJohn6.________(play)computergamesthere.Whenyouturntoanotherroom,youwillfindthataprofessorandwriter7.________(deliver)aspeech.Eachboyandeachgirl8.________(focus)onhisinterestingspeech.Everytimethereisawonderfulspeech,theaudiencealways9.________(cheer)up.Youareenteringourartexhibition.Ateacherwithhisstudentsisattheroom.Onthewall10.________(be)100pictures,whichattractmanystudents.Anexpertandteacherisexplainingsomethingimportanttous.16/32【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了学校图书馆功效室以及学生周末在里面活动情况。1．are

[因therebe...句型中be动词常与离其最近主语保持一致。]2．is

[主语是thenumberof＋名词复数时，谓语动词用单数形式。]3．is

[时间、金钱、距离、重量等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。]4．have

[关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词数应与句中先行词数保持一致。]5．likes

[manya＋名词作主语时，中心词是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。]17/326．areplaying

[两个名词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词普通用复数。]7．isdelivering

[当and连接两个名词是指同一人时，谓语动词应该用单数形式。“aprofessorandwriter”意思是“一个教授兼作家”。]8．isfocusing

[用and连接单数主语，前面有each，every，no等修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。]9．cheer/cheers

[集体名词group，class，family，army，audience等作主语时，假如强调集体，谓语动词用单数形式；假如强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。]10．are

[在主谓倒装句子中，谓语动词数应与其后主语保持一致。]18/32第二课时高考研究课主谓一致在语法填空中考查点规律方法对于主谓一致这个语法点来说，了解和掌握各种一致基本标准是关键，掌握了基本使用方法之后就像套数学公式一样代入即可。19/321．Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(·全国卷Ⅰ)2．Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.(·全国卷Ⅱ)真题验证1is

[主语是fastfood，是不可数名词，所以谓语动词用单数形式，且此处讲是现实状况，所以填is。]is

[动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；语境为客观真理，故使用普通现在时。]20/324．We________(tell)thatourroomshadn’tbeenreservedforthatweek,butfortheweekafter.(广东卷)3．Itisimportanttorememberthatsuccess________(be)asumofsmalleffortsmadeeachdayandoften________(take)yearstoachieve.(·湖南卷改编)is；takes

[不可数名词success作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数；语境为客观真理，故使用普通现在时。]weretold

[第一人称复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数；由平行谓语动词hadn’tbeenreserved可知，tell应用过去时；由语境可知，谓语动词tell和主语we之间组成被动关系。]21/326．Thebasketballcoach,aswellashisteam，________(interview)shortlyafterthematchfortheiroutstandingperformance.(陕西卷改编)5．Allweneed________(be)asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.(湖南卷改编)is

[主语为不定代词all，故谓语动词使用单数；由语境可知应用普通现在时。]wasinterviewed

[主语中含有aswellas，谓语动词应该与Thebasketballcoach一致；由语境可知谓语动词应用过去时。]22/328．One­thirdofthecountry________(be)coveredwithtreesandthemajorityofthecitizens________(be)blackpeople.(湖南卷改编)7．Thefactoryused65percentoftherawmaterials,therestofwhich________(be)savedforotherpurposes.(安徽卷改编)were

[主语therestofwhich中，which代指前面therawmaterials，故谓语动词使用复数；由平行谓语动词used，可知此处应用过去时。]is；are

[第一分句中主语为不可数名词thecountry，故其谓语动词应用单数；第二分句中主语为可数名词复数，故其谓语动词使用复数；语境所陈说为客观事实，故两处谓语动词都是用普通现在时。]23/329．Eitheryouoroneofyourstudents________(be)toattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.(湖南卷改编)is

[主语部分由“either...or...”连接，故其后谓语动词应使用“就近标准”，即第三人单数形式；由meeting后定语从句时态可知，主句时态应用“betodo”，表示未来时。]24/32主谓一致在短文改错中考查点规律方法第一步：先找出主语；第二步：依据主语单复数形式判断谓语动词形式；第三步：依据整篇文章或上下文语境判断时态正确形式。25/321．Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.(·浙江卷)____________2．Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.(·全国卷Ⅱ)____________3．Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain！(陕西卷)____________真题验证2was→were

[主语为we，故谓语动词应用复数形式。]look→looks

[主语为mydreamschool，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。]was→were

[主语为thearrows，故谓语动词应该使用复数形式。]26/324．Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.(·辽宁卷)____________5．Finally,therewereasuddenpullatthepoleandafishwascaught.(·陕西卷)____________have→has

[主语为theearlymorningbarking，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。]were→was

[主语为asuddenpull，故谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式。]27/32第三课时写作增分课主谓一致在写作中增分点一、使用语法一致标准确保所写句子主谓一致1．他，还有他父母，喜欢看电视连续剧。(aswellas,befondof,TVseries)__________________________________________________2．是你，而不是你老师，应为你考试不及格负责。(itis,ratherthan,betoblamefor,failtheexams)________________________________________________________________________He,aswellashisparents,isfondofwatchingTVseries.Itisyou,ratherthanyourteacher，that/whoaretoblameforyourfailingtheexam.28/323．我们班除了李磊和李华，还没有些人出过国。(nobody,but,havebeenabroad)________________________________________________________4．游泳和踢足球是我最喜爱运动。(favoritesport)______________________________________________5．正如我们所知道，水和空气对于生命来说是必不可少。(as,beessentialto,life)__________________________________________NobodybutLiLeiandLiHuainourclasshasbeenab