轮对检查器与技术测量WheelsetCheckerandT

轮对检查器与技术测量WheelsetCheckerandTechnicalmeasurements一、第四种检查器Thefourthchecker在车轮检查工作中，常用的车轮检查器有第四种检查器、车轮直径检查尺、轮对内侧距离检查尺、轮缘垂直磨耗检查器、轮辋厚度检查器、轴肩弧度半径检查样板等。Inthewheelinspectionwork,thecommonlyusedwheelcheckersarethefourthchecker,wheeldiameterinspectionruler,Insidedistancecheckerforwheelsets,verticalwearcheckerforwheelflanges,thicknesscheckerforrims,radiuscheckerforshoulderradii,etc.第四种检查器是在第三种检查器基础上，改进研制而成的。于1999年1月1日起正式使用，成为我国铁路车辆轮对第三代检测工具。包含第三种检查器的全部功能，从只能够测量六个部位的尺寸限度，增加到能测九个部位的尺寸限度。Thefourthcheckerisbasedonthethirdchecker,improvedanddeveloped.InJanuary1,1999fromtheofficialuseofChina'srailroadvehiclewheelsetthird-generationinspectiontools.Containingallthefunctionsofthethirdtypeofinspector,fromonlybeingabletomeasurethesizelimitsofsixparts,increasedtobeabletomeasurethesizelimitsofnineparts.主要特点是：能够与国际接轨，改变了过去轮缘厚度以轮缘顶点为基准的测量方法，改为以车轮踏面滚动圆为基点测量轮缘厚度。轮缘厚度测点始终在踏面滚动圆上12mm处，不会因踏面磨耗而变化，使轮缘厚度的测量更具合理。Themainfeaturesare:tobeabletomeetinternationalstandards,changedthepastwheelflangethicknesstotheapexofthewheelflangeasthereferencemeasurementmethod,changedtotherollingcircleofthewheeltreadasthebasepointtomeasurethewheelflangethickness.Themeasuringpointofwheelflangethicknessisalwaysat12mmontherollingcircleofthetread,whichwillnotbechangedduetothewearofthetread,makingthemeasurementofwheelflangethicknessmorereasonable.一、第四种检查器ThefourthcheckerLLJ-4A型第四种检查器（正面）第四种检查器功能Thefunctionoffourthchecker：1.踏面圆周磨耗treadcircumferencewear2.轮缘厚度rimthickness3.轮缘垂直磨耗rimverticalwear4.轮缘高度rimheight5.轮辋厚度rimthickness6.轮辋宽度rimwidth7.车轮外侧碾宽wheelouterrollwidth8.踏面擦伤/剥离深度treadabrasion/strippingdepth9.踏面擦伤/剥离长度treadabrasion/strippinglength10.钩舌钩腕内侧距theinsidedistanceofthehooktongueandwrist一、第四种检查器Thefourthchecker一、第四种检查器Thefourthchecker1.踏面圆周磨耗的测量。

Measurementoftreadcircumferencewear.检查第四种检查器零件是否齐全，有无破损，有无误差，游标移动是否顺畅。Checkwhetherthepartsofthefourthcheckerarecomplete,damaged,accurate,andwhethertheverniermovessmoothly.

已对齐调整游标到正确测量踏面圆周磨耗位置：70mm处。准备开始测量。Adjusttheverniertothecorrectmeasuringtreadcircumferencewearposition:70mm

andthenthemeasurementcanbegin.使检查器紧贴车轮内测面，并与车轴中心线垂直Makethecheckerrimthicknessruleclosetotheinnermeasuringsurfaceoftherimandperpendiculartothecenterlineoftheaxle.将调整好的检查器放到要测量的车轮上。Placetheadjustedinspectoronthewheeltobemeasured.移动纵向游标使其与踏面密贴，并读出测量数值移动横向游标使其与轮缘密贴，读出测量数值

2.轮缘厚度、3.轮缘垂直磨耗的测量2.Measurementofrimthickness,3.Measurementofrimverticalwear刻度的读法Readingofthescale4.轮缘高度的测量。Measurementofrimheight标准轮缘高度（27mm）加上踏面圆周磨耗正、负数值，即为实际轮缘高度数值。Thestandardrimheight(27mm)plusthepositiveandnegativevaluesoftreadcircumferenceweararetheactualrimheightvalues.例如：测量踏面圆周磨耗为－3.4mm,则轮缘高度为标准轮缘高度27+（－3.4）＝23.6mm。Forexample,ifthemeasuredtreadcircumferencewearis-3.4mm,therimheightisthestandardrimheight27+(-3.4)=23.6mm.5.轮辋厚度的测量。将检查器置于车轮上，同轮缘顶部和轮辋内侧面靠紧，从轮辋厚度测尺与轮辋内径密贴处读出数值，读取的数值减去踏面圆周磨耗值，才为轮辋厚度值。5.Measurementofrimthickness.Putthecheckeronthewheel,closetothetopoftherimandtheinsidesideoftherim,readthevaluefromtherimthicknessruleandtheinnerdiameteroftherim,subtractthevalueoftreadcircumferencewear,therimthicknessvalue.测量轮辋厚度数值6.轮辋宽度的测量。将踏面圆周磨耗尺框推向右侧，使踏面圆周磨耗测尺的测头紧靠（或指向）车轮外侧面。如果踏面有碾宽，应减去踏面碾宽数值，即为轮辋实际宽度。Measurementofrimwidth.Pushthetreadcircumferencewearruleframetotherightsothattheprobeofthetreadcircumferencewearruleisclosetotheoutersideofthewheel.Ifthetreadhasrollingwidth,thetreadrollingwidthvalueshouldbesubtracted,thatis,theactualrimwidth.7.踏面擦伤或剥离深度测量7.Measurementoftreadabrasion/strippingdepth此处擦伤首先，多次测量找到擦伤或凹陷最深处，读出测量数值并锁紧横向游标First,makemultiplemeasurementstofindthedeepestscrapeordent,readoutthemeasurementvalueandlockthehorizontalvernier.锁紧其次，在擦伤最深处的圆周方向上移动第四种检查器到车轮踏面无擦伤位置进行测量（不少于3次）取平均值。Secondly,thefourthcheckerismovedinthecirculardirectionofthedeepestabrasiontothenon-abrasionpositionofthewheeltreadformeasurement(notlessthan3times)toobtaintheaveragevalue.两者的差值就是擦伤深度。Thedifferencebetweenthemisthedepthoftheabrasion.8.踏面擦伤或剥离长度的测量。用轮辋厚度测尺的外刻线，沿车轮圆周方向测量擦伤部位的长度，即为踏面擦伤长度。8.Measurementoftreadabrasion/strippinglength.Measurethelengthofthescuffedareaalongthecircumferenceofthewheelusingtheouterscribelineoftherimthicknessgauge,i.e.,thelengthofthetreadscuff.9.车轮外侧碾宽的测量。将踏面圆周磨耗尺框推向右侧，使踏面圆周磨耗测尺的测头贴靠(或指向)车轮外。用平尺接触轮辋外侧面，车轮外侧碾宽数值即为踏面圆周磨耗测尺3测头对应的刻度线。9.Measurementofouterwheelwidth.Pushtheframeofthetreadcircumferentialabrasiongaugetotheright,sothattheprobeofthetreadcircumferentialabrasiongaugeiscloseto(orpointingto)theoutsideofthewheel.Contacttheoutersideoftherimwithaflatruler,thevalueoftheoutergrindingwidthofthewheelisthetreadcircumferentialwearmeasuringtape3probecorrespondingtothescaleline.二、车轮直径检查尺Wheeldiameterinspectionruler尺架右主尺左主尺左定位板固定测头左尺框右主尺右定位板固定测头螺母二、车轮直径检查尺Wheeldiameterinspectionruler同一车轮须检查3次，其最大与最小之差，即为车轮直径差。Thesamewheelshallbeinspectedthreetimes,andthedifferencebetweenitsmaximumandminimumshallbethedifferenceinwheeldiameter.三、轮对内测距离检查尺

Wheelsetinternalmeasurementdistancecheckingruler将定位钩放在车轮轮缘上,将轮对内距尺的固定测头和活动测头靠在被测车轮内侧,摆动轮对内矩尺活动测头,寻找读数拐点,即读数最小值，当读数为最小值时,该读数即为被测轮对内侧距离。测量时，需沿车轮圆周方向每120度测一次，共测量3次。Placethepositioninghookon