接触网供电电力机车直供电课件

接触网供电（电力机车直供电）ZHENGZHOURAILWAYVOCATIONAL&TECHNICALCOLLEGE客车电气装置/BUSELECTRICALINSTALLATIONSpeaker主讲人Zhangjia张嘉我国由接触网供电的旅客列车的电源，采用客运电力机车主变压器增设的两个辅助绕组供给，容量为800kV·A、电压为3000V或1500V。ThepowersupplyofpassengertrainpoweredbyoverheadcontactlineinChinaissuppliedbytwoauxiliarywindingsofmaintransformerofpassengerelectriclocomotive.Thepowersupplycapacityis800kVA,anditsvoltageis3000Vor1500V.车辆上的三相异步电动机电源需通过变流装置变换为三相工频380V/220V交流电压。Three-phaseasynchronousmotorpowersupplyontheVtraincanbetransformedintothree-phaseutilityfrequency380V/220VACvoltagethroughaninverter.随着自动控制和电力电子技术发展，变流技术日益完善，成本也越来越低，因此采用电气化接触网供电有着广泛的前景，将作为未来铁路客车的主要供电方式。Withthedevelopmentofautomaticcontrolandpowerelectronics,theconverterkeepsbeingimproved,andthecostkeepsdropping.Therefore,overheadcontactlinepowersupplyhasapromisingfuture,anditcanbethemajorpowersupplymodeofrailwaypassengertraininthefuture.在非电气化区段运行时，东风11客运大功率内燃机车本身带有辅助发电机，既可采用AC380V柴油发电机组集中供电，也可将发电机组输出整流以DC600V方式向客车供电。Whenoperatinginthenon-electrifiedsections,Dongfeng11passengerhigh-powerdiesellocomotivehasauxiliarygenerators.ThelocomotivecannotonlyuseAC380Vdieselgeneratorsettoprovidecentralizedpowersupply,butalsorectifytheoutputofthegeneratorsettosupplypowertopassengertrainsintheformofDC600V.DC600V供电制式的空调客运列车，在电气化区段运行时，采用电力机车集中供电（DC600V）、客车分散变流供电方式。Whenoperatingintheelectrifiedsections,air-conditionedpassengertrainwithDC600Vpowersupplysystemadoptscentralizedpowersupplyforelectriclocomotiveanddecentralizedpowersupplyforpassengertrains.当实现电气化牵引后，采用DC600V供电，这就是AC380V/DC600V兼容供电系统。Whenelectrifiedtractionisrealized,DC600Visusedforpowersupply.ThisisAC380V/DC600Vcompatiblepowersupplysystem.DC600V供电系统工作原理框图如图6-1所示。TheworkingprinciplediagramoftheDC600Vpowersupplysystemisshowninthefigure.图6-1DC600V供电系统工作原理框图一接触网向列车供电方案ContactlinepowersupplyschemetotrainsCONTENTS01电气化区段系统运行方式Howtheelectrificationsegmentsystemoperates02非电气化区段系统运行方式Thewaythenon-electrifiedsegmentsystemoperates03关键技术Keytechnologies第一节接触网向列车供电方案电气化区段,新研制的客运电力机车的列车辅助供电装置，将受电弓接受的25kV单相高压交流电降压、整流、滤波成600V直流电。Intheelectrifiedsections,theauxiliarypowersupplydeviceofthenewpassengerelectrictrainstepsdown,rectifiesandfiltersthe25kVsingle-phasehigh-voltageACreceivedbythepantographinto600VDC.机车上安装了两套DC600V电源装置,两套装置分两路通过KC20D连接器向空调客车供电。TherearetwosetsofDC600Vpowersupplybeinginstalledonthelocomotive.Thetwosetsofdevicesaredividedintotwocircuitstosupplypowertoair-conditionedpassengertrainthroughtheKC20Dconnector.一、电气化区段系统运行方式Operatingmodeintheelectrifiedsectionssystem概述客车分散变流DC600V逆变器*2inverter充电机chargersAC380VDC110VDC600V空调+开水炉/伴热器等Airconditioner+waterboiler/companionheater,etc.蓄电池、照明、控制系统Batteries,lighting,controlsystems电热器、温水器等Electricheaters,waterwarmers,etc.综合控柜Integratedcontrolcabinet第一节接触网向列车供电方案

25T型AC380V/DC600V兼容客车，在主要考虑目前的AC380V集中供电系统的同时兼顾了DC600V供电系统，即兼容供电系统不仅可以运用在柴油发电机组集中AC380V供电系统，在电气化区段也可以直接用于DC600V供电系统。The25TtypeAC380V/DC600VcompatiblepassengertrainusestheDC600VpowersupplysystemwhilemainlyusingtheAC380Vcentralizedpowersupplysystem.ThatmeansthatcompatiblepowersupplysystemcanbeusedincentralizedAC380Vpowersupplysystemofdieselgeneratorset,whileitcanalsobeusedintheDC600Vpowersupplysystemintheelectrifiedsections.二、非电气化区段系统运行方式Operatingmodeinthenon-electrifiedsectionssystem

尽管可以由柴油发电机组集中供电，但由于要兼顾DC600V供电,因此AC380V/DC600V兼容供电25T型客车的照明和控制系统采用DC110V供电,车下安装中倍率碱性蓄电池和AC380V/DC600V-DC110V充电器,而空调机组、客室电加热、开水炉、温水器伴热等主电路全部采用AC380V供电,控制电路则采用DC110V供电。Althoughpassengertraincanbepoweredcentrallybydieselgeneratorsets,thetrainhastotaketheDC600Vpowersupplyintoaccount.Therefore,thelightingandcontrollingsystemof25TpassengertrainpoweredbyAC380V,DC600VispoweredbyDC110V,andamedium-ratealkalinebatteryandachargerofAC380VorDC600VtoDC110Vareinstalledunderthecarriagebody.However,AC380Vpowersupplyisusedforthemaincircuitssuchasair-conditioningunits,passengerroomelectricheating,boilingwaterboilers,andwaterheaterheattracing,andthecontrollingcircuitsarepoweredbyDC110V.第一节接触网向列车供电方案三、关键技术Keytechnologies国外有540V、600V、660V、720V甚至750V等级。我国采用DC600V电压等级，一方面可以提高逆变器的可靠性另一方面这个等级的电压，实际在绝缘、耐压等方面与AC380V基本一致，安全性好。基于我国逆变器技术的现状,确定了600V电压等级,因为AC380V三相交流电压整流后的电压为540V,而直/交变换存在电压利用率问题,输出交流要达到380V时，要求电压应在600V左右。ThestatusquoofinvertertechnologyinChinadeterminesthatthevoltagelevelofpassengercarsis600Vvoltage.SincetherectifiedvoltageofAC380Vthree-phaseACvoltageis540V,andthereisaproblemofvoltageutilizationinDC/ACconversion,sothatwhentheoutputACreaches380V,therequiredvoltageshouldbearound600V.1DC600VvoltagelevelisadoptedinChina.Ontheonehand,itcanimprovethereliabilityoftheinverter.Ontheotherhand,thevoltagelevelisbasicallythesameasAC380Vintermsofinsulationandwithstandvoltage,andthesafetyisgood.Therequiredvoltagelevelsabroadare540V,600V,660V,720Vandeven720V.第一节接触网向列车供电方案逆变技术Invertertechnologies将交流电变成直流电的过程称为整流,将直流电变成交流电的过程称为逆变。Rectificationistheprocessofconvertingalternatingcurrentintodirectcurrent,andinversionistheprocessofconvertingdirectcurrentintoalternatingcurrent.

2第一节接触网向列车供电方案图中由6只IGBT构成三相桥式逆变器,A、B、C为电动机的三相绕组。Asshowninthefigure,thethree-phasebridgeinverterconsistsof6IGBTs.A,B,andCarethethree-phasewindingsofthemotor.当VT1、VT6导通,其他管子截止时，电流由正极经A相流过C相流到负极，则UAC正相波形如波形图的上半周;WhenVT1andVT6areturnedonandothertubesareturnedoff,thecurrentflowsfromthepositivepolethroughphaseAtophaseCtothenegativepole.TheUACpositivephasewaveformislikethefirsthalfcycleofthewaveformdiagram.VT2、VT5导通时，电流由正极经C相流过A相到负极，则UAc反相电压如波形图下半周。WhenVT2andVT5areturnedon,thecurrentflowsfromthepositivepolethroughtheCphasetotheAphasetothenegativepole.TheUACpositivephasewaveformislikethesecondhalfcycleofthewaveformdiagram.第一节接触网向列车供电方案变频变压(VVVF)技术Variablefrequencyandvoltagetechnologies3电动机直接恒压启动时,存在7倍左右的电流冲击，如果不采取软启动方式，逆变器必须到7倍以上的额定容量，显然极不经济，同时机车电源也要承受启动电流冲击。Whenthemot