组织的管理层次和业务流

组织的管理层次和业务流LICTthecollectionanalysisandevaluationofdatathetransferofinformation

FlowsofinformationinlogisticsandsupplychainsThetimingandqualityoftheinformation

组织的管理层次和业务流高层决策层（战略层）中间管理层（战术层）

执行管理层（操作/作业层）策划人事制造市场营销财务日常管理DSS

MISEDP/TPS人员流事务流资金流物资流信息流领导职能组织职能计划职能控制职能作业职能数据处理/事务处理决策支持管理信息系统Therearedifferentlevelsofinformationrequiredinlogistics.Thesedifferentlevelsandfunctionscanbeidentifiedasthestrategic,tacticalandoperationallevels.InformationatthestrategiclevelPurchasing:e.g.informationaboutalternativesuppliersProduction:e.g.informationtohelpdetermineproductranges1.DefinitionInventory:e.g.informationtohelpdecideonformatofstockholdingWarehousing:e.g.informationtohelpindecidingonusinganown-accountoperationorthirdpartycontractorsTransportation:e.g.informationtohelpindecisiontobuyorleasevehiclesMarketing:e.g.informationondemographicpatterns1.DefinitionInformationatthetacticallevelmedium-toshort-termplanningforecasting,schedulingandresourceplanning.middlemanagers1.DefinitionPurchasing→assistwithorderschedulingProduction→assistindecidingrunlengthsInventory→assistinsettingstocklevelsWarehousing→resourcelevelsneededTransportation→routingandschedulingandprovisionMarketing→assistinplanningseasonalorders1.DefinitionInformationattheoperationallevelshorter-termtominute-by-minutedecisionscontingenciesandchangesfirstlinemanagementandoperatives1.DefinitionPurchasing→helpdecidewhentoplaceorderswithsuppliersProduction→release(出库)ofrawmaterialsfromstockInventory→schedulingsupplierordersWarehousing→pickinglistsTransportation→deliverynotesMarketing→orderreceiving1.DefinitionManyofthetechniquesinlogistics,relyontheelectronicgatheringandmanipulationofdata.Electroniccommunicationenablesautomaticdecision-making,themodelingofproposedchanges,automatictrackingcontrol,automaticgenerationofperformancemonitoringandcontrol.2.InformationApplicationModelingproposedchangesProposed（所提议的，建议的，alternative）changestooperationsandnetworkscanbemodeledsothattheeffectscanbeassessedandthendecisionstaken.acompanymaywishtochangethewayitschedulesitsvehicleoperations.2.InformationApplicationAutomatictrackingcontrolAutomatictrackingcontrolofvehicles,loadsandassets.2.InformationApplicationEDI标准用户文件发送方用户文件接收方平台文件标准文件标准文件平台文件X.25或PSTN等传输网络加封对照翻译解封EDI作业流程图EDI标准指的是各企业共同的交流标准，是数据交换的翻译，它使得遵循这一标准的企业与组织能进行电子数据交换作业流程。如图EDI系统的类型目前最常用的EDI系统主要有两种类型：单对多EDI系统和增值网（VAN），如图制造商零售商供应商供应商供应商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商制造商/零售商第三方供应商供应商供应商

单对多EDI系统、VAN系统物流EDI所谓物流EDI是指货主、承运业主以及其他相关单位之间通过EDI系统进行物流数据交换，以此为基础实施物流活动的方法，其框架结构如图所示。相关单位（仓储等）协作单位（金融保险）承运业主货主（厂商、贸易商）电子数据交换（EDI）

物流EDI框架结构3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChainEPOStechnologyisthecaptureofdataonelectronicfilesatthepointwhereasaletakesplace.supermarketcheckoutFromthecustomer’spointofviewFromthestore’spointofviewquantitiessoldofeachproductstockrecordsareupdatedautomatically.EPOSdataissentviaEDItotheretailer’sregionalwarehousesandtotheirHeadquarters.Thistriggersreplenishmentfromretailer’sstockandtriggersreplenishmentfromthemanufacturer’sstocktotheretailer’swarehouse.shortenleadtimesandlowerstocklevels.3.UseofEDIintheSupplyChain

4.

LOGISTICSNETWORKING

上海联华超市集团EDI应用系统系统结构:GPS技术全球定位系统（GlobalPositioning

System）GPS系统的特点全球定位精度高功能多，应用广RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)射频