医学免疫英语试题及答案

医学免疫英语试题及答案姓名：____________________

一、多项选择题（每题2分，共20题）

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheimmunesystemarecorrect?

A.Theimmunesystemconsistsofbothinnateandadaptiveimmunity.

B.Bcellsproduceantibodiesthatspecificallyrecognizeantigens.

C.Tcellscankillinfectedcellsbyreleasingtoxicsubstances.

D.Theimmuneresponseisalwaysdirectedagainstharmfulpathogens.

E.Theimmunesystemiscapableofmemoryandcanrecognizeandrespondtopreviousinfections.

2.Choosethecorrecttermsforthefollowingconcepts:

A.Amoleculethatstimulatesanimmuneresponse:_____________

B.Atypeofcellthatcandividetoproducemorecells:_____________

C.Theprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemrecognizesandattacksantigens:_____________

D.AsubstanceproducedbyBcellsthatneutralizesantigens:_____________

3.Whatarethefourtypesofleukocytesinthehumanblood?

A.Neutrophils

B.Eosinophils

C.Basophils

D.Lymphocytes

E.Monocytes

4.WhatarethetwotypesofTcellsinvolvedincell-mediatedimmunity?

A.HelperTcells

B.CytotoxicTcells

C.RegulatoryTcells

D.MemoryTcells

5.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofaninnateimmuneresponse?

A.ActivationofBcellsbyspecificantigens

B.Theformationofablood-clotatawound

C.Thedestructionofcancercellsbynaturalkillercells

D.Theproductionofantibodiesinresponsetoaviralinfection

6.Whatisthemainfunctionofmacrophagesintheimmuneresponse?

A.Toproduceantibodies

B.Tophagocytosepathogens

C.TopresentantigenstoTcells

D.ToactivateBcells

7.Choosethecorrectstatementaboutadaptiveimmunity:

A.Itistheprimarylineofdefenseagainstpathogens.

B.ItinvolvestheproductionofantibodiesbyBcells.

C.Itprovideslong-lastingprotectionagainstspecificpathogens.

D.Itisresponsiblefortheinitialresponsetopathogens.

8.WhatarethetwotypesofT-cellreceptors(TCRs)?

A.Ig-likeandTCR-like

B.CD4andCD8

C.MHCclassIandMHCclassII

D.Betaandgamma

9.ChoosethecorrecttermforaproteinthathelpsinthetransportofantigensfromphagocytestoTcells:

A.Cytokine

B.MajorHistocompatibilityComplex(MHC)

C.Complement

D.Interleukin

10.Whichofthefollowingconditionscanleadtoimmunedeficiency?

A.AIDS

B.Influenza

C.Measles

D.Chickenpox

11.ChoosethecorrecttermfortheprocessbywhichTcellsbecomeactivated:

A.Bcelldifferentiation

B.Tcellproliferation

C.Clonalselection

D.Antigenpresentation

12.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofinterleukinsintheimmuneresponse?

A.ToactivateBcells

B.Toenhancephagocytosis

C.Toinduceapoptosis

D.Toactivatemacrophages

13.Whatarethetwomaintypesofantigens?

A.Polysaccharidesandlipopolysaccharides

B.Peptidesandproteins

C.Lipidsandnucleicacids

D.Carbohydratesandaminoacids

14.Choosethecorrecttermfortheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemrespondstoanantigenforthefirsttime:

A.Immunememory

B.Immuneadaptation

C.Primaryimmuneresponse

D.Secondaryimmuneresponse

15.WhatarethetwomainclassesofMHCmolecules?

A.MHCclassIandMHCclassII

B.MHCclassIIIandMHCclassIV

C.MHCclassVandMHCclassVI

D.MHCclassAandMHCclassB

16.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofcomplementproteinsintheimmuneresponse?

A.Tophagocytosepathogens

B.ToactivateBcells

C.Toenhancethebindingofantibodiestoantigens

D.Toinduceapoptosis

17.Choosethecorrectstatementaboutimmunetolerance:

A.Itistheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemignoresself-antigens.

B.Itistheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemattacksself-antigens.

C.Itistheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystembecomesresistanttoantigens.

D.Itistheprocessbywhichtheimmunesystemfailstorespondtoantigens.

18.Whatarethetwotypesofcell-mediatedimmunity?

A.Humoralandcell-mediated

B.Innateandadaptive

C.Th1andTh2

D.BcellandTcell

19.ChoosethecorrectstatementabouttheroleofTcellsinadaptiveimmunity:

A.Theyproduceantibodiesthatspecificallyrecognizeantigens.

B.Theyphagocytosepathogens.

C.Theyactivatemacrophages.

D.TheypresentantigenstoBcells.

20.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofthecomplementsystemintheimmuneresponse?

A.ToactivateBcells

B.Tophagocytosepathogens

C.Toenhancethebindingofantibodiestoantigens

D.Toinduceapoptosis

二、判断题（每题2分，共10题）

1.Theimmunesystemiscapableofdistinguishingbetweenselfandnon-selfantigens.()

2.Bcellsareresponsibleforproducingantibodies,whileTcellsareresponsibleforphagocytosingpathogens.()

3.Allleukocytesarecapableofmovingthroughtissuestoreachthesiteofinfection.()

4.Theprimaryfunctionofmacrophagesistoproduceantibodies.()

5.Theadaptiveimmuneresponseisslowertodevelopthantheinnateimmuneresponse.()

6.Interleukinsareatypeofcomplementproteinthatenhancestheimmuneresponse.()

7.Themajorhistocompatibilitycomplex(MHC)moleculesareresponsibleforpresentingantigenstoTcells.()

8.Immunetoleranceistheabilityoftheimmunesystemtorememberandrespondtopreviouslyencounteredantigens.()

9.Cytokinesareatypeofimmunemoleculethatcanactivateandregulateimmunecells.()

10.Thecomplementsystemcandirectlykillpathogensthroughtheformationofmembraneattackcomplexes.()

三、简答题（每题5分，共4题）

1.Explainthedifferencebetweeninnateandadaptiveimmunity.

2.DescribetheprocessofantigenpresentationbymacrophagestoTcells.

3.Whatistheroleofcytokinesintheimmuneresponse?

4.Discusstheconceptofimmunememoryanditssignificanceintheadaptiveimmunesystem.

四、论述题（每题10分，共2题）

1.Discusstheimportanceofthecomplementsystemintheimmuneresponseandhowitinteractswithothercomponentsoftheimmunesystem.

2.Analyzetheroleofvaccinesinpreventinginfectiousdiseasesandhowtheystimulatetheimmunesystemtodevelopimmunitywithoutcausingthedisease.

试卷答案如下：

一、多项选择题答案：

1.A,B,C,E

2.A.Antigen

B.Stemcell

C.Antigenpresentation

D.Antibody

3.A,B,C,D,E

4.A,B,C

5.B

6.B

7.C

8.A,B

9.B

10.A

11.C

12.C

13.B

14.C

15.A

16.C

17.A

18.C

19.D

20.D

二、判断题答案：

1.√

2.×

3.√

4.×

5.√

6.×

7.√

8.×

9.√

10.√

三、简答题答案：

1.Innateimmunityisthebody'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstpathogensandisnon-specific,meaningitdoesnottargetaparticularpathogen.Adaptiveimmunity,ontheotherhand,isspecifictoaparticularpathogenandinvolvestherecognitionofantigensbyimmunecells,theproductionofantibodies,andthedevelopmentofimmunememory.

2.MacrophagesengulfpathogensandpresentantigensontheirsurfacetoTcellsthroughMHCclassIImolecules.Thisprocessiscrucialforactivatingtheadaptiveimmuneresponse.

3.Cytokinesaresignalingmoleculesthatplayakeyroleinregulatingimmuneresponses.Theycanactivateanddirectimmunecells,enhancetheimmuneresponse,andmediatecommunicationbetweendifferenttypesofimmunecells.

4.Immunememoryistheabilityoftheimmunesystemtorememberandrespondmoreeffectivelytoapreviouslyencounteredpathogen.ThismemoryisestablishedthroughtheformationofmemoryBandTcells,whichcanquicklyrecognizeandrespondtothepathogen