Unit3BacktothepastReading课件-牛津译林版(2020)高中英语选择性

牛津译林版高中英语选择性必修一课件Unit3BacktothepastReading33制作者：桂东一中李宇平◆内容分析【What】本板块语篇的话题为“海上航行”。两篇历史文章围绕“海上航行”这一话题展开，分别介绍了明朝航海家郑和七下西洋的故事以及意大利航海家哥伦布发现新大陆的相关情况。【Why】本文通过对两位航海家的相关介绍，引导我们关注历史人物，分析历史事件，促进人文素养的提升；同时，了解中国对外的积极影响，感悟中华文明在世界历史中的重要地位，增强民族自豪感。

【How】本文的语篇类型为说明文。文章结构分明，条理清晰，逻辑缜密，语言精炼。文章按照时间发展顺序展开论述，主题突出，内容详实，评价中肯。第一篇文章以郑和首次远航开篇，重点强调第一次航行的规模之大，突出中国古代先进的航海和造船技术。第二篇文章聚焦哥伦布第一次航海过程中遇到的挑战，体现哥伦布作为航海家敢于冒险和勇担责任的优秀品质。文章运用各类事实信息，增强了论述的说服力。◆ 教学目标Bytheendofthissection,wewillbeableto:1.graspbasicinformationofthetwoexplorersandtheirachievements;2.makeacomparisonbetweenthetwoexplorers;3.identifytypicalfeaturesofthehistoricalarticle;4.usefactstoillustratepointsofview;5.understandthespiritofexplorationanddemonstratethisspiritinyourdailylives;6.cultivateastrongsenseofnationalpride.Explorershaveplayedanimportantroleinworldhistory.TheirdiscoverieshaveimprovedourknowledgeoftheEarthandhavealsochangedthewayweunderstandourplaceintheworld.Thehistoricalarticlesbelowareaboutthevoyagesoftwofamousexplorers.Beforeyoureadthearticles,thinkaboutthefollowingquestions:place(insth)身份；地位；资格Myfatherbelievedthatpeopleshouldknowtheirplace.我父亲认为，人应该安分守己。1.Whatdangersdidexplorersfaceinthepast?

Inthepast,beforemoderntechnologieswereinvented,explorersmainlytravelledbyshipandonfoot,ortheyusedanimalstogetaround.TheydidnothaveGPSandmanymedicaltreatmentsfordiseaseswerenotyetdiscovered.Becauseofthelackoftheseinventionsanddiscoveries,journeysofexplorationwouldtakealongtimeandconditionswereveryunhealthyandunsafe.Manyexplorerswouldgetextremelyillanddiefromdiseases.Theywouldalsogetlostindangerousenvironments,likeatseaorinthejungles.getaround传播；流传；各处走动;成功地对付；解决；克服

2.Whatarethepossiblerequirementsforbecominganexplorer?

Tobecomeanexplorer,Ithinkapersonneedstobebrave,smartandindependent.First,beingbraveisarequirementbecausewhenyouexplore,youmaymeetdanger,andinthatcaseyouneedtoremaincalmandclear-headed.Second,asmartpersonismorelikelytobegoodatproblem-solvingandthisisanecessitywhenonestepsoutintotheunknown.Finally,anindependentpersonwillcopebetterwithdifficultsituationsfarawayfromhome.Also,independentpeopletendtobecuriousandhaveadesiretoexplorenewplaces,meetnewpeopleanddiscovernewthings./nəˈsesəti/Sailingtheoceans碧海远航ZhengHeInthesummerof1405,ZhengHe,oneofChina’sgreatestexplorers,setsailfromTaicangonhisfirstvoyage.Afleetofover200shipsnavigatedtheblueseas,withalmost28,000peopleonboard,whichwasasplendidscene.1405年夏，中国一位最伟大的探险家郑和从太仓起锚，开启了他的首次远航。其船队有船200余艘，载着近两万八千人，在碧海上乘风破浪，场面极其壮观。navigate航行；航海；横渡Itwouldtake500yearsbeforealargerfleetsailedtheseas.Accordingtosomerecords,thelargestshipswereover140metresinlength,demonstratingtheadvancedtechnologyandspecialskillsusedinconstructingships.

规模更大的航海船队要到500年后才出现。据史料记载，郑和船队最大的船长逾140米，可知其造船技术之高超，工艺之独特。1405至1433年间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。dem·on·strate

/ˈdemənstreɪt/证明；证实；论证；说明；表达；表露；表现；显露Between1405and1433,onbehalfoftheMingDynasty,ZhengHemadeatotalofsevenvoyages.Hisshipswereloadedwith

china,silk,teaandothertreasuresasgiftsforforeignrulers,andthefleetpaidfriendlyvisitstomorethan30countriesandregions.HeevensailedasfarastheeastcoastofAfrica.

1405至1433年间，郑和代表明朝总共进行了七次航行。他的船满载瓷器、丝绸、茶叶和其他奇珍异宝作为馈赠异邦君王的礼品。船队先后对30多个国家和地区进行友好访问。他最远甚至抵达了非洲东海岸。Astheysailed,thenavigatorstookcompassreadings,keptlogsoftheirvoyagesandchartedthecoast.LaterthedetailedmapsbecameZhengHe’sNavigationMap.海员们一路上记录罗盘刻度，书写航海日志，绘制海岸地图。这些详细的地图后来集为《郑和航海图》。navi·ga·tor/ˈnævɪɡeɪtə(r)/航行者，航海者，驾驶员，领航员reading（仪表的）读数；读本；读物；阅读材料chart

/tʃɑːt/绘制（区域）的地图,=map

ZhengHe’ssevenvoyageshadafar-reachingimpactonChinaanditsneighbours.InthecountriesandregionswhereZhengHesetfoot,legendshavebeenpassedonaboutthisgreatexplorer.△ZhengHe’seffortshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththesecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.郑和七次下西洋对中国及其邻国产生了深远影响。在郑和到访过的国家和地区，至今流传着有关这位伟大探险家的传说。郑和的努力有助于发展和巩固中国与这些国家和地区的和睦关系，促进中国文化的对外传播，也增进中国对海外诸邦的了解。far-reaching影响深远的;广泛的

land

(涉及感情或想象)国家，地区setfootin/onsth进入，访问，参观（某地）Formanyyears,somehistoriansdismissedtherecordsofthesevoyagesaslegends.ThefinalproofcamewhenanenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.ZhengHe’saccomplishmentsarenowwidelyacknowledged,andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.多年来，一些历史学家认为这些航海活动的记载只是传说而不予理会。后来，铁证出现了，在南京发现了一个巨大的造船厂，当年郑和的船便在此处建造。郑和的成就在今天获得广泛认可，他也作为中国最具影响力的探险家之一被世人铭记。ship·yard/ˈʃɪpjɑːd/船坞；造船厂；修船厂be

rememberedas/forsth.因某事而成名（或名留青史）ChristopherColumbus/ˌkrɪstəfəkəˈlʌmbəs/Thosewhomakegreatdiscoveriesmustoftenovercomemanychallengesalongtheway—aswasthecasewiththeexplorerChristopherColumbus.ColumbuswasborninaportcityofItalyin1451.Asateenager,helovedsailing,andheshowedgreatinterestingeography,whichinspiredhimtobeginhiscareerasaseaman.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗· 哥伦布便是如此。1451年，哥伦布生于意大利一个港口城市。少年时代他就喜爱航海，对地理表现出极大的兴趣。这些激励他开始了海员生涯。Italy/ˈɪtəli/意大利sea·man/ˈsiːmən/水兵；水手；海员ColumbusinsistedonsearchingforadirectsearoutetotheEastIndiesbysailingacrosstheAtlanticOcean.Aftercontinuousattempts,hereceivedfinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.On3August1492,hedepartedfromSpainwiththreeshipscarryingabout90crewmen.

哥伦布决心横渡大西洋，开辟一条直通东印度群岛的航线。经过不懈的尝试，他终于获得了西班牙国王和王后的资。1492年8月3日，他和约90名船员分乘三艘船从西班牙出发。theEastIndies/ˈɪndɪz/东印度群岛Spain/speɪn/西班牙crew·man/ˈkruːmən/乘务员，船员（通常为男性）Thejourneywasfullofchallenges:ittooklongerthanexpected,theyfacedashortageoffood,andoneoftheshipswasleakingbadly,whichputeveryoneonthisshipingravedanger.Themenonboardwereinpanic.Regardlessofallthechallenges,Columbusmanagedtokeepeveryoneoutofdangerwithhisknowledgeandbraveryacrosstheocean.这次航行中他们饱经患难：航行时间超过预期，食物储备不足，还有一艘船严重漏水，船上所有人都命悬一线。人们都陷入了恐慌。哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，凭借自己的知识和勇气，确保大家都平安越过海洋。face面临，必须对付（某情况）Finally,on12October,thecrewspottedlandinthedistance.ColumbuscalledthenativeslivingontheislandsIndiansbecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.However,theshorestheyhadreachedwereoftheCaribbean,nottheEastIndies.终于，10月12日那天，有船员看到远方的陆地。哥伦布深信来到了东印度群岛，便将生活在岛上的土著人称为印地安人。然而，他们所到达的海岸其实属于加勒比海地区，而不是东印度群岛。Indian/ˈɪndiən/印第安人theCaribbean/ˌkærɪˈbiːən/加勒比海地区Between1493and1504,Columbusfoundmorelandoverthecourseofhisthreesubsequentvoyages.Themajorcontributionofthisgreatexploreristhathe“discovered”theNewWorld.HisdiscoveryinspiredexplorerssuchasCaptainJamesCooktoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.1493至1504年间，哥伦布又先后三次出航，途中发现了更多陆地。这位伟大探险家最大的贡献是“发现”新大陆。他的发现激励了诸如詹姆斯· 库克船长这样的探险家去探索和发现世界更多广阔的区域。in/overthecourseof...(用于表示时间段)在…期间；在…的时候theNewWorld新大陆HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindings.Thisperiodalsoallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.他的航海活动开启了大航海时代的新篇章，那是一个见证许多重大地理发现的时期。同时，这个时期也实现了思想和文化的国际交流。chap·ter/ˈtʃæptə(r)/（人生或历史的）时期，时代，篇章theAgeofExploration大航海时代geographical/ˌdʒɪəˈɡræfɪkəl/地理的

A.UnderstandingthetextPage32A1.Readthehistoricalarticlesandcompletethetablebelow.Inthesummerof1405On3August1492TaicangSpainOver200shipsThreeshipsAlmost28,000peopleAbout90crewmenAsfarastheeastcoastofAfricaTheshoresoftheCaribbeanSevenFourZhengHe’sexplorationChristopherColumbus’sexplorationSignificanceZhengHe’svoyageshelpeddevelopandstrengthenharmoniousrelationswiththecountriesandregions,exposingforeignpeopletoChineseculture,andallowingtheChinesetobetterunderstandoverseaslands.

Columbus’sdiscoveryinspiredexplorerstoexploreanddiscovermorevastareasoftheworld.HisvoyagesopenedanewchapteroftheAgeofExploration,aperiodwhichwitnessedmanyimportantgeographicalfindingsandallowedforaninternationalexchangeofideasandcultures.A2.Readthehistoricalarticlesagaincarefullyandanswerthefollowingquestions.1.WhywereZhengHe’sshipsloadedwithchina,silk,teaandothertreasures?2.WhathelpedprovethattherecordsofZhengHe’svoyageswerenotlegends?Becausethesearegiftstoforeignrulers.AnenormousshipyardwasdiscoveredinNanjing,wherethefleethadbeenbuilt.3.WhatchallengesdidColumbusandhiscrewencounterduringthejourneyin

1492?4.WhydidColumbuscallthenativesIndians?Ittooklongerthanexpected,theyalmostranoutoffoodandwaterenteredoneoftheships.BecausehewasconvincedthathewasintheEastIndies.A3.Inpairs,discussthefollowingquestions.1.WhatfactorsmadethevoyagesofZhengHeandColumbussosuccessful?Usetheinformationinthearticlestosupportyouropinion.OneofthefactorsthatcontributedtoZhengHe’ssuccessfulvoyageswastheadvancedtechnologyandshipbuildingskillsusedatthattime,whichensuredthattheshipswerestrongenoughtohandledangeroussituationsatsea.han·dle

/ˈhændl/处理，应付（局势、人、工作或感情）Hisnavigationskillsalsohelpedmakethejourneyssuccessful,includinghisskillatreadingacompass,keepinglogsandchartingthecoast.Inaddition,ZhengHetookmanygiftsforthepeoplehewouldmeetonhisvoyagesandhetreatedtheminafriendlymannertosharetheChineseculturewiththemwhilealsolearningabouttheirs.ChristopherColumbusbecameasuccessfulexplorerbecausehelovedsailingandshowedgreatinterestingeographyfromayoungage.Asanadult,hispassionforexplorationgrewstrongerandhewasfortunatetoreceivefinancialsupportfromtheKingandQueenofSpain.Columbuswasalsobraveandknowledgeable.Heovercamemanychallengesduringthedangerouspartsofthevoyages.know·ledge·able(aboutsth)

/ˈnɒlɪdʒəbl/博学的；有见识的；知识渊博的,=wellinformed2.Whathaveyoulearntaboutthespiritofexplorationfromthearticles?

Thearticleshavetaughtmethatthespiritofexplorationisextraordinarilystronginhumansandthatitisanimportantpartofourexistence.Itishumannaturetodiscovernewthingsbecausewearegenerallycurious,andwearenotafraidofhardshipordanger.extra·or·din·ar·ily/ɪkˈstrɔːdnrəli/极其，极端地；非常奇怪地，不寻常地Thiskindofspiritencouragesustotrynewthingsandpushthelimitsofwhatispossible.Ifwedidnothavethestrongspiritofexploration,ourspecieswouldneverprogress,andwewouldneverknowoftheamazingdiversityfoundontheEarth.Similarly,ifwearenotwillingtoexplorenewthingsorareafraidoftakingrisksindailylife,wemaylosemanychancestoexpandourunderstandingoftheworld.pushthelimits/boundariesof挑战极限，突破极限pro·gress/prəˈɡres/进步；改进；进展，=advance3.Howmightexplorershavechangedthecourseofhistory?

courseofsth进展；进程

Ourmodernworldistheresultofthediscoveriesmadebyexplorers.Ifsomeofthesediscoverieswerenotmade,ourliveswouldbevastlydifferent,fromthefoodweeattotheideaswehave,eventothelanguageswespeak.vastly/ˈvɑːstlɪ/极其Forinstance,chocolateismuchlovedacrosstheworld,yet,ifexplorershadnotdiscoveredthecacaobeansinSouthAmerica,wemightneverhavebrewedthemintowhatiscertainlymostpeople’sfavouritetreat.Ourideaswouldbedifferenttoobecausewithoutexploration,certainconceptsfoundinmaths,scienceandmedicinemightneverhavebeensharedandfurtherdevelopedtoprovideuswiththeknowledgewehavetoday.ca·cao/kəˈkaʊ/可可（种子用以制作巧克力和可可粉）；可可豆brew

/bruː/酿制（啤酒）；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡）treat<美>甜食；（尤指不经常吃的）美味佳肴Finally,thevoyagesmadebyexplorershelpedestablishregularcontactbetweendifferentpartsoftheworld.Indoingso,languageshaveevolvedandcultureshavespread,creatingamorecolourfulworld.B.BuildingyourlanguagePage33B1.Thearticlebelow,fromatravelwebsite,tellsthestoryabouttheTomboftheKingofBoni.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsofthewordsandphrasesintheboxbelow.subsequentharmoniousinfluentialonbehalfofproofstrengthenacknowledgebeloadedwithTheearly1400swasagloriouserainChinesehistory.Duringthistime,theYongleEmperorwantedtodevelop(1)

___________relationswiththeoverseasneighbours.ZhengHe,oneofthemost(2)

__________explorers,tookchargeofthetask.OneofthestatesmentionedinthehistoricalrecordswasBoni(present-dayBrunei),asmallkingdominSouth-EastAsia.neighbour邻国glori·ous/ˈɡlɔːriəs/壮丽的；辉煌的；光辉灿烂的Brunei/bruˈnaɪ/文莱harmoniousinfluentialThereis(3)

______thatChinaestablishedverygoodrelationswiththisstatealongtimeago:oneofitskingswasburiedinNanjingduringtheearlyMingDynasty,andthereisafascinatinglegendabouttheking.In1405,(4)

___________theemperor,ZhengHesailedtheoceansonhisfirstvoyage.Hisfleet(5)

______________giftstotheneighbouringcountriesandregions.In1407,hetravelledtoBoni,which(6)

____________thefriendlyrelationshipbetweenthetwocountries.neigh·bour·ing

/ˈneɪbərɪŋ/邻近的；附近的；毗邻的proofonbehalfofwasloadedwithstrengthenedInthe(7)

___________year,theKingofBonipaidafriendlyvisittoChina.Hewasaccompaniedbymorethan150people.TherecordsshowthatthevisitorswereastonishedbyhowrichandtechnologicallyadvancedtheMingDynastywas.TheyreceivedaroyalwelcomefromtheYongleEmperor.technologically/ˌteknəˈlɒdʒɪkli/科技地；技术上地royal

/ˈrɔɪəl/庄严的；盛大的；高贵的；适合国王（或女王）的,=splendidsubsequentUnfortunately,afteroveramonthinthecapital,thekingfellill.Onhisdeathbed,heaskedtobeburiedinChina,andinlinewithhiswilltheemperorbuiltatombforhim.Thistombbearswitnesstothelonghistoryoffriendlyinteractionsbetweenthetwocountriesandisnow(8)

______________asoneofthemanyimportanthistoricsitesinChina.death·bed/ˈdeθbed/临终之榻onhisdeathbed临终时inlinewithsth.与某事物一致，随着某事物bear/givewitness(tosth)为…作证；证明acknowledgedB2.Thehistoricalarticlesusealotofwordsandphrasesrelatedtonavigation.Findthewordsandphrasesinthearticlesandthinkofmoreonyourown.

WordsandphrasesforpeopleWordsandphras