2025年高考英语总复习《阅读理解-主旨大意之文章大意》专项测试卷带答案

第页基础过关（最新模拟试题演练）1.【2023年辽宁省高三第二次全省统考暨朝阳市第一高级中学高三四模】

LasFallas,SpainLasFallasisatraditionalcelebrationhonoringSt.Joseph.Itcentersaroundgiantpapermache(纸型)puppetscalledfallas.ThemaineventsrunfromMarch15toMarch19.Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreetsforfulldaystomarktheendofwinterandthebeginningofspring.SongkranFestival,ThailandThethree-daySongkranFestivalisoneofthemostpopularcelebrationsinThailand.Traditionally,Thaisusethistimetocleanandreflect,andpayrespecttoneighbors,familyandtheelderly.Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike.HoliFestival,IndiaThedayafterthefirstfullmoonofMarchmarksthestartofHoli,aHindufestivalwithmanylegendsbehindit.OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.CherryBlossomFestival,JapanEveryspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees.Itisoneofthecountry’smostcherishedtraditions.1．Whatdothefourfestivalshaveincommon?A．Allthefestivalslastfor3days.B．Therearemanystoriesbehindthefestivals.C．Peopleusuallycelebratethefestivaloutdoors.D．Familymembershaveabigpartytocelebratethefestival.2．Ifyouwanttoenjoythebeautyofnature,wherewillyougo?A．Japan. B．Spain. C．India. D．Thailand.3．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thehistoryofsomefestivals. B．Thecustomsofsomefestivals.C．Theactivitiesofsomefestivals. D．Theintroductionofsomefestivals.【答案】1．C2．A3．D【文章大意】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的四个节日。1．细节理解题。根据“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上进行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各个年龄段的泰国人都在与彼此和游客之间进行激烈的水战)”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里节，朋友、邻居和陌生人涌上街头，互相泼洒彩色的水和粉末，庆祝冬天的结束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知，四个节日的共同之处是在户外进行，故选C项。2．推理判断题。根据“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知在日本可以体验到户外的大自然之美，由此可以推理出，如果你想享受大自然之美，可以选择日本，故选A项。3．推理判断题。根据“LasFallas,Spain”部分的“Thefallaswilltakeoverthecitystreets(拉斯法拉斯在大街上进行)”、“SongkranFestival,Thailand”部分的“Outonthestreet,Thaisofallagesengageinanintense(激烈的)waterwarwitheachotherandtouristsalike(在街上，各个年龄段的泰国人都在与彼此和游客之间进行激烈的水战)”、“HoliFestival,India”部分的“OnHoli,friends,neighborsandstrangerspourintothestreetstocelebratetheendofwinterbythrowingcoloredwaterandpowderoneachother.(在胡里节，朋友、邻居和陌生人涌上街头，互相泼洒彩色的水和粉末，庆祝冬天的结束)”以及“CherryBlossomFestival,Japan”部分的“Everyspring,whentheCheryBlossomFestivalarrives,theJapanesecelebratebyheadingoutsideforpicnicsandpartiesundertheplentifultrees(每年春天，当奇瑞樱花节到来时，日本人都会去外面的树下野餐和聚会来庆祝)”可知本文是对世界各地的四个活动进行了介绍，故选D项。2.【2023届河北省邯郸市高考三模（保温卷）】Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?Wrong.Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.Takeflexiblefoodpackages.Thosefilmscontainseverallayersofdifferentplastics.Becauseeachplastichastoberecycledseparately,thosefilmsarenotrecyclable.Thepolypropylene(聚丙烯)inyogurtcupsandotheritemsdoesn’tusuallygetrecycledeither;recyclingahodgepodgeofpolypropyleneproducesadark,smellyplasticthatfewmanufacturerswilluse.OnlytwokindsofplasticarecommonlyrecycledintheUnitedStates:thekindinplasticsodabottles,polyethyleneterephthalate,orPET;andtheplasticfoundinmilkcontainers—high-densitypolyethylene,orHDPE.Together,thoseplasticsmakeuponlyaboutaquarteroftheworld’splastictrash.Andwhenthoseplasticsarerecycled,theyaren’tgoodformuch.Meltingplasticdowntorecyclechangesitsconsistency,soPETfrombottleshastobemixedwithbrand-newplastictomakeasturdyfinalproduct.RecyclingamixofmulticoloredHDPEpiecescreatesadarkplasticgoodonlyformakingproductslikeparkbenchesandwastebins,inwhichpropertieslikecolordon’tmattermuch.Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Lowrecyclingratesaren’tjustaproblemintheUnitedStates.Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.8．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A．Toshowalifestyle. B．Todescribeaphenomenon.C．Tointroduceatopic. D．Tomakeaproposal.9．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“meticulous”meaninparagraph2?A．Painful. B．Forgetful. C．Regretful. D．Mindful.10．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Manufacturersdon’twanttouserecycledplastic.B．Thereisanurgentneedtoreduceplasticwaste.C．Moreplasticcanbedealtwithbyburning.D．U.S.istoblamefortheplasticproblem.11．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．Thecausesofplasticpollution.B．Thecharacteristicsofdifferentplastics.C．Thewaysthatmostplasticsarerecycled.D．Thereasonswhymanyplasticsarenotrecycled.【答案】8．C9．D10．B11．D【文章大意】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了将塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何东西是非常困难的，这也是致使许多塑料垃圾无法被回收，最终堆积过多的原因。8．推理判断题。根据第一段“Itfeelsgoodtorecycle.”（回收的感觉真好）和“Themoreplasticyouputinthatbluebin,themoreyou’rekeepingoutoflandfillsandtheoceans,right?”（你往那个蓝色垃圾桶里扔的塑料越多，你就越能避免塑料进入垃圾填埋场和海洋，对吧？）可知，第一段提出了回收塑料有助于减少塑料垃圾的问题；结合第二段的回答“Wrong.”和“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway...Because...”（无论你在清洁和分类塑料方面多么meticulous，大多数塑料最终都会被扔进垃圾桶……因为……）可知，下文指出来大部分塑料无法回收的结果，并在第二段给出了解释和说明；同时根据三、四段主要内容可知，文章主要在围绕塑料可被回收和不可回收的话题展开，故第一段起到了引出话题的作用。故选C。9．词义猜测题。根据第一段“There’sacertainsenseofaccomplishmentthatcomesfromcarefullysortingsodabottles,plasticbagsandyogurtcupsfromtherestofthegarbage.”（仔细地把汽水瓶、塑料袋和酸奶杯从其他垃圾中分类出来，会有一种成就感）可知，人们会觉得只要很仔细用心地把塑料分类，就会有好的效果；结合划线词所在句“Nomatterhowmeticulousyouareincleaningandseparatingyourplastics,mostendupinthetrashanyway.”（无论你在清洁和分类塑料方面多么meticulous，大多数塑料最终都会被扔进垃圾桶）可知，事实是大多数塑料最终会被扔进垃圾桶，无论你怎么仔细用心分类，故“meticulous”表示“用心的、留心的”。故选D。10．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In2018alone,theUnitedStateslandfilled27milliontonsofplasticandrecycledamere3million,accordingtotheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.”（根据美国环境保护局的数据，仅在2018年，美国就填埋了2700万吨塑料，而回收的塑料仅为300万吨）和“Ofthe6.3billiontonsofplasticthathavebeendiscardedaroundtheworld,onlyabout9percenthasgottenrecycled.Another12percenthasbeenburned,andalmost80percenthaspileduponlandorinwaterways.”（在全世界被丢弃的63亿吨塑料中，只有约9%被回收利用，另有12%的垃圾被烧毁，近80%的垃圾堆积在陆地或水道上）可知，目前全世界的塑料垃圾问题很严重，急需减少塑料垃圾。故选B。11．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Thedifficultiesofrecyclingplasticintoanythingmanufacturerswanttouseisabigreasonwhytheworldislitteredwithsomuchplasticwaste,saysEricBeckman,achemicalengineerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.”（匹兹堡大学的化学工程师EricBeckman说，将塑料回收成制造商想要使用的任何东西的困难，是世界上充斥着如此多塑料垃圾的一个重要原因）及二、三段具体描述的许多塑料不可回收和可回收的原因可知，本文主要讲述了为什么许多塑料不可回收的原因。故选D。3.【2023届山西省金科大联考高三四月模拟检测】Atreasuretrove(无主埋藏物)ofjewelrywasuncoveredatLaAlmoloya,asiteinMurcia,southeasternSpain.LaAlmoloyawasacentreofpoliticsandwealthintheElArgarterritory,andalthoughthediscoverywasmadein2014,expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure.Theremainsofawoman,alongwithamanwhomayhavebeenherhusbandwerediscoveredinthehillsofthearea.Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.Thepairwerefoundwith30objectscontainingpreciousmetalsandstones.Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter,becausewearandtearonhisbonesndicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.Thewoman,calledthe“PrincessofLaAlmoloya”,wasburiedashorttimeaftertheman.Thegravegoodsofthewomanwereworthtensofthousandsofdollarsintoday’smoney.“Wehavetwowaysofinterpretingthis,”saysRobertoRischoftheAutonomousUniversityofBarcelona“Eitheryousay,it’sthewifeofaking;oryousay,no,she’sapoliticalpersonalitybyherself”Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.ThediscoveryatLaAlmoloyashednewlightonthepoliticsandgenderrelationsinoneofthefirsturbansocietiesoftheWest.28．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A．Thepairlivedafter1700BC． B．Themanwasburiedafterthewoman.C．Themaybeanimportantperson D．Expertsbegantostudythetrovein2014.29．Whatcanindicatethatthemanwasafighter?A．Injuriesonhisbones. B．Metalsburiedwithhim.C．Thetimehewasburied. D．Horsesnexttohim.30．Whowasregardedasanadultaccordingtothetext?A．Agirlattheageoffour. B．Aseven-year-oldboy.C．Asix-year-oldgirl. D．Aboyattheageofnine.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．TheidentityofaburiedwomanisnotclearB．ApairwerenewlydiscoveredwithgreattreasureC．Womenmightbelesspowerfulintheancientworld.D．Furtherstudyatanunearthedtroveleadstonewfindings.【答案】28．C29．A30．C31．D【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了专家对位于西班牙东南部已出土的无主埋藏物进行了研究，并介绍了埋藏物的情况和由此得出的猜测。28．推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Researchersbelievethattheburialhappenedaround1700BC,andthatthewomanwasburiedwithmuchmoretreasuresthanaveragepeople,whichmayimplyherroleinhercommunity.(研究人员认为，这一埋葬发生在公元前1700年左右，这名妇女的陪葬品比普通人多得多，这可能暗示了她在她的社区中的角色)”可知，这个女人陪葬的宝物比一般人多很多，这可能暗示了她在社会中的地位。因此可以判断出，她可能有重要的社会地位，是一个重要的人。故选C项。29．细节理解题。根据文章第三段内容“Expertsbelievethatthemaninthegravewasprobablyafighter，becausewearandtearonhisbonesindicatedhespentalotoftimeonhorseback.(专家认为，坟墓里的人可能是一名战士，因为他骨头上的磨损表明他花了很多时间在马背上)”可知，专家认为这个墓中的男人可能是个战士，因为他骨头上的损伤暗示了他在马背上度过了很长时间。故选A项。30．推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Previousfindingshaverevealedthatwomenwereconsideredadultsatamuchyoungeragethanboyswere.Forexample,gravegoodshaveshowedthatgirlsasyoungassixwereburiedwithknivesandtools,butboyswouldbeintheirteensbythetimetheywouldbeburiedalongsidesuchthings.(此前的研究发现，女性被视为成年人的年龄要比男孩小得多。例如，陪葬品显示，年仅六岁的女孩与刀具和工具一起下葬，但男孩在十几岁时就会与这些东西一起下葬)”可知，以前的发现揭示了女性被当做成年人的年龄比男性要小，比如：六岁女孩的坟墓里就埋着刀和工具，但是十几岁的男孩坟墓里才会埋这些。由此可见，六岁的女孩就已经被当作成年人了。故选C项。31．主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容“expertsarenowtakingacloserlookatthepoliticalbackgroundoftheunearthedtreasure(专家们现在正在仔细研究这一出土宝藏的政治背景)”和全文说明的内容可知，专家对位于西班牙东南部已出土的无主埋藏物进行了研究，并介绍了埋藏物的情况和由此得出的猜测。故选D项。4.【2023届山西省长治市部分学校高三下学期三模联合考试】MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.HeoffereditforsalethroughAmazon’sself-publishingsectionanditmadeBrettlessthan$100.Whilethatmaynotsoundlikemuch,it’senoughtodrivehimtocreateotherbooksusingthesoftwareAmazonisbyfarthelargestsellerofbothphysicalande-books.IthaswelloverhalfofthesalesintheUnitedStatesandover80percentofthee-bookmarket.Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.Someprofessionalwritersareshowingtheirconcern.“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork,”saidMaryRasenberger,theexecutivedirectoroftheAuthorsGuild,“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).”Noteveryoneisimpressedbythesoftware.MarkDawson,whohassoldmillionsofcopiesofbookshewrotehimselfthroughKindleDirectPublishing,wasquicktocallChatGPT-assistednovelsdull.Dawsonsaidthatqualityisimportantinthebookbusiness.“Itplaysapartinhowbooksarerecommendedtootherreaders.Ifabookgetsbadreviews,it’squicklygoingtosinktothebottom32．WhyisBrettSchicklermentionedinparagraph2?A．TosharethetrickofmakingafortunebywritingB．Tosharehowtocreatee-booksbyusinganAlprogramC．TopredictthedevelopmentofanAIprograminthefutureD．ToshowhowanAlprogramhelpedpeoplewiththeirwriting33．Whatdoweknowaboutthee-booksinAmazon’sKindlestore?A．ManyofthemarerelatedtoAItopicsB．ManyofthemareaccuratelyrecordedbyAIC．SomeofthemarepossiblycreatedbyAID．Manyofthemaremorepopularthanbefore34．WhatdoesMaryRasenbergerworryaboutA．Professionalwriters’lackofinspirationB．ChatGPT’simpactonthepublishingindustryC．Readers’difficultyinfindingtheirfavoritenovelsD．Authors’failuretowritegoodnovelswithoutChatGPT35．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．ChatGPTmightharmoriginalwritingB．TheimpactofChatGPTishugerthanbeforeC．ManypeoplerelyonChatGPTtomakealivingD．ChatGPTisbetterthanhumansintermsofwriting【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．A【文章大意】这是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。32．推理判断题。根据第二段中“BrettSchicklerneverimaginedhecouldbeapublishedauthor.AfterlearningabouttheChatGPTartificialintelligenceprogram,Brettdecidedthathehadagoodchance.UsingtheAIsoftware,Brettcreateda30-pagchildren’se-bookinafewhours.(BrettSchickler从未想过自己会成为一名出版作家。在了解了ChatGPT人工智能项目后，Brett认为他有一个很好的机会。使用人工智能软件，Brett在几个小时内创作了一本30页的儿童电子书。)”可知，本段提到了BrettSchickler是为了展示人工智能程序是如何帮助人们写作的。故选D项。33．推理判断题。根据第二段中“Therewereover200e-booksinAmazon’sKindlestoreasofmid-FebruarythatsayChatGPTisawriterorco-writer.Andthenumberisrisingdaily.ButduetothenatureofChatGPTandmanywriters’failuretoadmitthattheyhaveusedit,itisimpossibletogetafullcountofhowmanye-booksmaybewrittenbyAI.(截至2月中旬，亚马逊Kindle商店中有超过200本电子书称ChatGPT是作者或合著者。这个数字每天都在上升。但由于ChatGPT的性质以及许多作者不愿承认他们使用过它，因此不可能全面统计人工智能可能会写多少本书。)”可知，亚马逊Kindle商店里的电子书有些可能是人工智能创造的。故选C项。34．细节理解题。根据第三段中MaryRasenberger所说“Thisissomethingwereallyneedtoknow,thesebookswillfloodthemarketandmanywritersaregoingtobeoutofwork.(这是我们真的需要知道的事情，这些书将充斥市场，许多作家将失业。)”以及“TheabilitytocreatewithAIcouldturnbookwritingfromanartintoacommodity(商品).(用人工智能进行创作的能力可能会把写书从一门艺术变成一种商品。)”可知，MaryRasenberger担心ChatGPT对出版业的影响。故选B项。35．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“MorepeopleareusingChatGPTtocreatebooksforsale.Althoughsaleshavesofarbeenslow,humanwritersareworriedthatChatGPT-createdbooksmighthurtthewritingandpublishingindustry.(越来越多的人使用ChatGPT创建图书销售。尽管迄今为止销售缓慢，但人类作家担心chatgpt创作的书籍可能会损害写作和出版行业。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们使用ChatGPT产生的不良影响，ChatGPT可能会损害原创写作。故选A项。5.【2023届重庆市普通高中高三第三次联合诊断测】AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.Aasritha’screativitykickedinassheresearchedexistingbottle-openingdevices.Sheusedapieceofwoodshapedlikeacellphoneandputthreeholesonit,eachindifferentsizesandlinedwithalayerofdried,stickyhotglue,whichprovidedfirmgrips(防滑力)forcommonbottlecaps.Withasimpletwisting(拧)motion,hergrandmothercouldopenbottleswithoutassistance.“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview,”saidTeacherMarkBolt,“Engineersneedtoputthemselvesintheirproductusers’shoestobuildeffectivesolutions.”Otherstudentsintheclassalsoshowedsensitivityastheywatchedfriendsandfamilystrugglewithdailytasks.MichaelKuwashimanoticedhowdyslexia—areadingdisorderthatthebraintendstoconfusetheorderofnumbers,lettersandotherimages-madeitdifficultforafriendtofollowalongonpagesfulloftext.Therefore,Michaelcreatedasmalladjustablewindow-blind-styledevice.“Myfriendcouldisolate(分离)smallsectionsoftextwhilereading,”hesaid.ArjanGargfocusedonadifferentproblem.Sometimesputtingonclothescanbehardforpeoplewithalimitedrangeofmotion.Arjancreateda“dressingstick”usingfourwoodsticksofdifferentsizestofitdifferentclothing.Thestudentstrieddifferentversionsoftheirproductsalongthewaytomakethebestonetoshowtheclass.Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.“Ifwewanttodobetter,wehavetohaveachancetofail,”hesaid.28．WhydidAasrithacreateanewbottle-openingdevice?A．Shehopedtogetahigherscore.B．Shewasinterestedinengineering.C．Shehaddifficultyopeningbottlecaps.D．Shewantedtohelphergrandmother.29．Whatdidstudentslearnfromtheclass?A．Workingwithothers.B．Conductingfieldexperiments.C．Understandingothers’feelings.D．Communicatingwithproductusers.30．Howdidstudentsfinishtheirassignment?A．Withtheaidofaguidebook.B．Throughtrialanderror.C．Withthehelpofclassmates.D．Underthedetailedinstruction.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Aninspiringclass.B．Anexcellentteacher.C．Somescientificmethods.D．Sometalentedstudents.【答案】28．D29．C30．B31．A【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了在CarsonMiddleSchool八年级的机械工程课上，学生们不仅学会了通过对现有设备的改造使周围人的生活更加便利，而且还学会了站在他人角度去思考，关心他们的需求。28．推理判断题。由第一段“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndon的Carson中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”可知，Aasritha要发明一种新的开瓶装置是因为她想帮助她的祖母。故选D。29．细节理解题。由文章第三段“Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该课程教会学生们理解他人的感受，故选C。30．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Ratherthanrequiringstep-by-stepdirectionsforcreatingtheirprojects,Boltpreferredtoleavestudents’creativepathsopen.(Bolt不要求学生一步一步地指导他们创建项目，而是让学生的创意之路保持开放。)”可知，学生是通过自主探索、试验来完成创造的，故选B。31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“AasrithaDurisetirecentlynoticedhergrandmother’sdifficultyopeningabottlecap.Fortunately,shefoundasolutioninhereighth-gradeengineeringclassatCarsonMiddleSchoolinHerndon,Virginia,whoseassignmentwastoadaptexistingproductstomakedailylifeeasierforpeoplewithchallenges.(AasrithaDuriseti最近注意到她的祖母很难打开瓶盖。幸运的是，她在弗吉尼亚州Herndon的Carson中学的八年级工程课上找到了解决办法，该课的任务是改造现有产品，使有挑战的人的日常生活更容易。)”和第三段的“Studentsintheclassusedmorethantheirmath,physicsandtoolskills.Theyalsolearnedtolookatproblemsfromanother’spointofview(学生们在课堂上运用的不仅仅是数学、物理和工具技能。他们还学会了从别人的角度看问题)”可知，该篇文章主要讲述CarsonMiddleSchool八年级的机械工程课帮助学生们创造了一些设备，同时教会学生从他人角度去思考问题，也就是主要是关于一堂有启发性的课，故选A。6.【2023届福建省龙岩第一中学高考第三次校模拟】ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工学院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.TheMITteamworkedwithBerlin-basedartistTomasSaracenototake2D(two-dimensional)laser(激光)scansofaspiderweb,whichwerelinkedtogetherandmadeintoamathematicalmodelthatcouldrecreatethewebin3DinVR(virtualreality).TheyalsoworkedwithMIT’smusicdepartmenttocreatethevirtualinstrument.“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(随机)，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可视化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails,”saidMITengineeringprofessorMarkusBuehler,whopresentedtheworkonMondayatavirtualmeetingoftheAmericanChemicalSociety.ListeningtothemusicwhilemovingthroughtheVRspiderwebletsyouseeandhearthesestructuralchangesandgivesabetterideaofhowspidersseetheworld,hetoldCNN.“Spidersusevibrations(振动)asawaytolocatethemselves,tocommunicatewithotherspidersandsotheideaofthinkingreallylikeaspiderwouldexperiencetheworldwassomethingthatwasveryimportanttousasspidermaterialscientists,”Buehlersaid.Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.“ThereasonwhyIdidthatisIwantedtobeabletogetinformationreallyfromthespiderworld,whichisveryweirdandmysterious,”Buehlerexplained.Inadditiontothescientificvalue,Buehlersaidthewebsaremusicallyinterestingandthatyoucanhearthesoundsthespidercreatesduringconstruction.“It’sunusualandeerieandscary,butfinallybeautiful.”hedescribed.12．WhathaveMITscientistsdoneaccordingtothepassage?A．Theyhavetranslatedspiderwebsintosounds.B．Theyhavemadeamathematicalmodeltoproducewebs.C．Theyhavecreatedasoundtracktocatchspiders.D．Theyhaveknownhowspiderscommunicate.13．Whatcanweknowaboutspiderwebsfromparagraph3?A．Theirstructuresarebeautifulandclear.B．ProfessorMarkusBuehlerknowsthemwell.C．TheAmericanChemicalSocietypresentstheresult.D．Theyarecomplexforpeopletofigureitout.14．Inwhichfieldwillthestudybehelpful?A．virtualreality B．printingC．painting D．film-making15．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Ittellsusthatthemusiccreatedbyspidersisscary.B．Itshowshowtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment.C．Itpresentsanewandcreativewaytostudyspiders.D．Itexplainswhyscientistsdidtheexperiment.【答案】12．A13．D14．B15．C【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。介绍了麻省理工学院的科学家最近的研究成果，将蜘蛛网转换成音乐，可以更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。12．细节理解题。根据第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工学院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐——创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。)”可知，麻省理工学院的科学家把蜘蛛网转换成音乐。故选A项。13．推理判断题。根据第三段中MarkusBuehler所说“Eventhoughtheweblooksreallyrandom(随机)，thereactuallyarealotofinsidestructuresandyoucanvisualize(可视化)themandyoucanlookatthem,butit’sreallyhardtograspforthehumanimaginationorhumanbraintounderstandallthesestructuraldetails.(尽管蜘蛛网看起来很随机，实际上有很多内部结构，你可以想象他们，你可以观察他们，但人类的想象力或人脑很难理解所有这些结构细节。)”可知，蜘蛛网的结构复杂，人类难以理解其构造。故选D项。14．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Spidersareabletobuildtheirwebswithoutshelvesorsupports,sohavingabetterideaofhowtheyworkcouldleadtothedevelopmentofadvancednew3Dprintingtechniques.(蜘蛛可以在没有架子或支撑的情况下织网，所以更好地了解它们是如何工作的，可能会导致先进的新型3D打印技术的发展。)”可知，研究蜘蛛如何结网有利于提升打印技术。故选B项。15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“ScientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(麻省理工学院)haveturnedspiderwebsintomusic——creatinganstrangesoundtrackthatcouldhelpthembetterunderstandhowthespidersoutputtheircomplexcreationsandevenhowtheycommunicate.(美国麻省理工学院的科学家们已经把蜘蛛网变成了音乐——创造出一种奇怪的音乐，可以帮助他们更好地了解蜘蛛是如何输出它们复杂的创造物，甚至它们是如何交流的。)”等内容可知，本文提出了一种新的创造性的方法来研究蜘蛛。故选C项。7.【2024届山西省大同市高三6月学情调研】Ontheeveofthisweek’srailstrikes,itwasreportedthattheindustrybossesareplanningtoweedoutpapertrainticketsandclosealmost1,000stationticketofficesinEngland.Thetransportsecretary,GrantShapps,hasmadenosecretofhisdesiretoseecostssavedinthisway.Somestationssellonlyahandfulofticketseachweekandthevastmajorityoftransactions(交易)havemovedonline.Inthenameofcost-cutting,stationticketofficesarelikelytofollowthetelephoneboothonthecornerandbecomememory.Forthosewhohavegrownusedtothebenefitsoforganizingtravelviasmartphones,therewillbelittletofeelsorryfor.Butforpeoplewithoutonlineaccessorskills,whotendtobeolder,poorer,andmorefragile,anothersocialbarrierwillhavebeenbuilt.Frommedicalappointmentstopaymentappsforparking,moreandmorekeyservicesarenowdelivereddigitally.Asthisrevolutiontakesplace,theinterestsofasignificantminorityarebeingignoredtosomeextent.Inthecaseofhealthandsocialcare,forexample,itwilloftenbethosemostinneedofassistancewhoareleastabletoemployelectronicdevices.Thedebateoverticketofficesoffersanopportunitytoreflectmorebroadlyontheincreasingroleoftechnologyinoursociallandscape.Theunavoidabletrendtowardstechnologyispredictable,butitspossibleconsequencesneedtobemanagedwithmorecare.Withtheexpandingrangeandincreasingcomplexityofdigitalrequirements,theagedaregraduallywithdrawingfromincreasingsocialservicesintheirlives.RosAltmann,theformerpensionsminister,recentlywroteofbeingcontactedbyanelderlywomanwhonolongerdrivestoherlocalpark,becauseshecannotdownloadthecarparkingapprequired.Muchmoreneedstobeinvestedinhe