2024年高中英语Unit15LearningSectionⅥLesson4教案含解析北师大版必修5

PAGEPAGE1SectionⅥLesson4[原文呈现]“Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.”—FrancisBacon(1561－1626)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquire①knowledgeandunderstanding②.Tostartwith③，youneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,youobserve④theworldaroundyouandstudythefacts.Afterthatyouconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.⑤Althoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedto⑥typingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheanswerout⑦forus,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld'sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—⑧luckilyforus.①acquire[ə′kwaIə]vt.获得，得到②it作形式主语，how引导的从句为真正的主语。③tostartwith＝tobeginwith首先④observev．视察；遵守⑤although引导让步状语从句，可与still,yet连用，不与but连用。⑥be/getaccustomedto习惯于(to为介词)be/getusedto习惯于⑦spitout吐出⑧破折号表示说明说明。“勤于提问的人学到的更多，并且记住的更多。”——弗兰西斯·培根(1561－1626)[第1段译文]我们如何获得学问及如何理解现在好像自不待言。首先，你须要提出问题。然后，为了找到答案，你视察自己四周的世界，并探讨事实。之后，你考虑可能的答案，并且一一加以测试来找出正确的答案。尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜寻引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案；然而对我们来说幸运的是，当代的科学家和思想家还是用这种分析的方法来解决世界上的问题。However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinking⑨wasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainst⑩theviewsoftheday⑪.Baconheldanimportantrank⑫underKingJames(1566—1625)ofEnglandbuthistrueinterestwasnotthedaytodaybureaucratic⑬detailsofthegovernment,buttheworthy⑭searchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisday.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligion⑮thaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564—1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence⑯.Thechurchandmanypeopletendedto⑰ignore⑱thefactsandwereunwilling⑲tochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved⑳.Theypreferredtomakeassumptionseq\o(○,\s\up1(21))abouttheworldbasedoneq\o(○,\s\up1(22))theexperienceofotherseq\o(○,\s\up1(23)).Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold！⑨thinking[′θIŋkIŋ]n．思索，考虑⑩goagainst违反，反对⑪when引导定语从句，修饰先行词the17thcentury;that引导宾语从句。⑫rank[ræŋk]n．职衔⑬bureaucratic[ˌbjʊərə'krætIk]adj.官僚的⑭worthy['wɜːði]adj.值得的beworthyeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(ofbeingdonetobedone))值得做某事⑮religion[rI'lIdʒən]n．宗教⑯defence[dI'fens]n．保卫，爱护indefenceof保卫……；为……辩护⑰tendto往往会，倾向于⑱ignore[Iɡ'nɔː]vt.忽视，不顾⑲unwilling[ʌn'wIlIŋ]adj.不情愿的⑳what引导的从句作challenge的宾语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))assumption[ə'sʌmpʃən]n．假定，假设ontheassumptionthat...假定……，假设……eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))(be)basedon以……为基础eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))basedon...是过去分词短语作后置定语。[第2段译文]然而，在17世纪，当弗兰西斯·培根提出这种思索方式是获得学问的途径时，他背离了当时的观念。在英国詹姆士国王1566－1625统治时期，培根是一位身居要职的官员，但是他真正的爱好不是政府每日的繁文缛节，而是对学问的崇高追求。这当然不是他那个时代大多数人的爱好。那时，人们更多地信任宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱1564－1642这样证明白例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩处而无人为他们辩护。教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，不情愿去挑战他们始终习惯于信任的一切。他们宁愿以其他人的阅历为依据对世界作出假设。事实上，当伽利莱证明地球不是宇宙的中心时，人们不信任他的话，而是宁愿去信任存在了将近两千年的观点！Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))bythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384—322BC)eq\o(○,\s\up1(25)).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedofeq\o(○,\s\up1(26))hisstudiesandurgedeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))himtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprisoneq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Theydidn'twanttochallengeeq\o(○,\s\up1(29))whatthey'dalwaysthoughtwastrue.Thisalsoshowshowpeopledidn'twanttosearchforeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))theirownunderstandingoreducatethemselves.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplefeelthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))saysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredeq\o(○,\s\up1(32))manygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhimeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))，hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileitoomademistakes.Heisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheearthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwordseq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))andsay,“Weknowitall.”eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))putforward提出eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))Itisnotsurprisingthat...中，it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；本句中又包含一个as引导的缘由状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))approveof赞成，赞许approve[ə'pruːv]v．赞成；认可；满足eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))urge[ɜːdʒ]vt.力劝，剧烈要求urgesb.todosth.剧烈要求某人做某事eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))putsb.inprison把某人投入监狱eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))challengev．向……挑战eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))searchfor搜寻(＝lookfor)insearchof找寻，搜寻inone'ssearchfor某人找寻……eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))respectedadj.受敬重的，受敬重的eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))inspire[In'spaIə]v．启发；鼓舞inspiresb.todosth.激励某人做某事inspiringadj.令人鼓舞的eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))who引导定语从句，修饰agreatman。eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))inotherwords换句话说inaword总而言之eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))sitback坐下休息；袖手旁观[第3～4段译文]人们情愿信任这些古老的观点并不惊奇，因为这些观点是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德公元前384－公元前322提出来的。他说地球肯定是宇宙的中心，因为从感觉上讲地球是静止不动的。伽利莱不同意这种说法。起初，人们赞同他的探讨并敦促他接着进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。他们不情愿挑战他们始终认为正确的东西。这也表明人们是多么不情愿去探究自己对事物的理解或教化自己。在今日，这仍旧是事实。人们认为，假如某个重要的和受敬重的人说某事是正确的，那它肯定是正确的。但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后很多杰出的科学家和哲学家的宏大人物，有时也会出错。伽利莱也犯过错误。虽然他现在以天文学之父而著名，但是他认为地球围绕太阳转动的轨迹是一个精确的圆圈。他是错误的。因此，我们对四周世界的理解是不断发展和改变的。换句话说，我们每天都在学习更多东西，谁也不能闲情逸致地说：“我们什么都知道。”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastforthewisdomtoknowthatwedon'tknowitallandprobablyneverwill,forthatwouldmeanaworldwithoutquestionseq\o(○,\s\up1(36)).SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowseq\o(○,\s\up1(37))ofconventionaleq\o(○,\s\up1(38))thoughtinordertofindthekingdomeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))ofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationeq\o(○,\s\up1(40))isbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightforeq\o(○,\s\up1(41))；morevitaleq\o(○,\s\up1(42))toaman,andmorebeneficialeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))tomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.“Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.”——GalileoGalilei(1564—1642)eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))for为并列连词，表示缘由。eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))shadow['ʃædəʊ]n．阴影，影子从本质上讲，shadow指一个平面；shade“阴凉处”，指一个立体空间。eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))conventional[kən'venʃənəl]adj.传统的，保守的eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))kingdom['kIŋdəm]n．王国eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))civilisation[ˌsIvəlaI'zeIʃən]n．文明civilisevt.使文明eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))fightfor为……而战fightagainst同……进行斗争eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))vital['vaItl]adj.极其重要的bevitalto对……极为重要eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))beneficial[ˌbenI'fIʃəl]adj.有用的，有益的bebeneficialto对……有益[第5～6段译文]我们要感谢历史上伟人的才智，它让我们懂得，我们不是什么都懂，或许恒久不会什么都懂，假如我们什么都懂，那将意味着世界上没有问题了。因此，我们今日对世界拥有这么多的学问和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人，为了发觉建立今日文明的学问王国，他们英勇地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。这些人懂得学问和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上全部的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。“全部的真理一旦被发觉都很简单被人理解，问题是要有人去发觉真理。”——伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)

Fast­readingSkimthetextandfinishthefollowingquestions.1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Themainideaofthetextisthatpeople_should_question_more_because_great_men,_even_Aristotle_and_Galilei,_might_make_mistakes.2．Matchtheparagraphswiththeirmainideas.Para.1A．Peoplebelievedinwhatsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaid.Para.2B．Peopletrytosolvetheworld'sproblemswithanalysis.Paras.3&4C．Peoplethankedthegreatmenwhostudiedinascientificway.Para.5D．Peoplebelievedinreligioninancienttime.答案：Para.1—B;Para.2—D;Paras.3&4—A；Para.5—CCareful­readingReadthetextcarefullyandchoosethebestanswer.1．What'stheveryfirststepofFrancisBacon'stypeofthinking?A．Raisingquestions.B．Observingtheworld.C．Thinkingoverthepossibleanswers.D．Testingforarightanswer.2．Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A．BothBaconandGalileiwerepunishedfortheirscientificideas.B．Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts.C．BeforeGalilei,Aristotle'stheoryhadinfluencedpeoplefor1,000years.D．ThechurchwasagainstthegreatphilosopherAristotleforhistheoryoftheuniverse.3．What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A．FrancisBaconwasgoingagainsttheviewsofhisday.B．GalileoGalileiwasgreattoprovetheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse.C．TheEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverseanditdoesn'tmoveroundthesuninaperfectcircle,either.D．Peopleshouldquestionmorebecausegreatmen,evenAristotleandGalilei,mightmakemistakes.4．Whatisthecorrectordertoacquireknowledgeandunderstandingaccordingtothearticle?A．questions,observeandstudy,considerandtest,findtherightanswersB．acquiretheknowledge,understanding,findtherightanswers,considerandtestC．observe,study,consider,findtherightanswersD．questions,findtherightanswers,observe,test5．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Peopletendtobelieveeverythingthatthepersontheyrespectsays.B．Galileoproved“theEarthisnotthecenteroftheuniverse”andhenevermademistakes.C．Knowledgeisgotbylearningnotbybelieving.D．Civilisationisbuiltonthekingdomofknowledge.答案：1～5ABDABStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564－1642),whoprovedscientificideassuchas“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”，wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.[句式分析][尝试翻译]那时，人们更多地信任宗教，而不是事实。像伽利略·伽利莱(1564－1642)这样证明白例如“地球不是宇宙的中心”等科学观点的人常常被教会惩处而无人为他们辩护。2．ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．[句式分析]it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语；as引导缘由状语从句。[尝试翻译]人们情愿信任这些古老的观点并不惊奇，因为这些观点是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。3．SomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtodayisduetopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday'scivilisationisbuiltupon.[句式分析][尝试翻译]因此，我们今日对世界拥有这么多的学问和理解，是因为有培根和伽利莱这样的人，为了发觉建立今日文明的学问王国，他们英勇地从传统思想的阴影中走出来。4．Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句，thesemenknew为主句，that引导宾语从句；somemightsay为插入语。[尝试翻译]这些人懂得学问和理解是要奋斗的东西；有人或许会说，对一个人来说，它们比世界上全部的金钱更重要；对人类来说，更有益。一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1．acquirevt.获得，得到2．thinkingn.思索，考虑3．rankn.职衔4．worthyadj.值得的5．approvev.赞成；认可；满足6．urgevt.力劝，剧烈要求7．inspirev.启发；鼓舞8．conventionaladj.传统的，保守的9．civilisationn.文明10．vitaladj.极其重要的11．imagen.景象，形象；比方Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．religionn．宗教→religiousadj.宗教的2．defencen．保卫，爱护→defendv．保卫，爱护3．ignorevt.忽视，不顾→ignorancen．忽视4．assumptionn．假定，假设→assumevt.假定，假设5．beneficialadj.有用的，有益的→benefitn．好处，好处v．对……有益1.acquirevt.获得，得到[联想]require要求[反义]lose,giveup2．approvev．赞成；认可；满足[联想]­al结尾名词小结①approve→approval批准；认可；赞成②remove→removal移除；撤职；搬迁③survive→survival幸存，残存；生还者，残存物④arrive→arrival到达；到来；到达者⑤propose→proposal提议；建议；动议3．religionn．宗教[联想]­ious结尾形容词一览①religion→religious宗教的；虔诚的②ambition→ambitious有雄心的；野心勃勃的③caution→cautious当心的；谨慎的④anxiety→anxious担忧的；焦虑的⑤harmony→harmonious和谐的；和谐的4．ignorevt.忽视，不顾[同义]neglect忽视；忽视overlook忽视；未留意到二、这样记短语记坚固定短语多积常用词块1.tostartwith首先2．be/getaccustomedto习惯于……3．goagainst反对4．cometoone'sdefence为某人辩护5．tendto往往会，倾向于6．makeassumptionsabout对……作出假设7．(be)basedon以……为基础8．putforward提出9．approveof赞成，赞许10．inotherwords换句话说11．bevitalto对……重要12．bebeneficialto对……有益1.acquireknowledgeandunderstanding获得学问和理解2．afewkeywords几个关键词3．searchengine搜寻引擎4．spittheanswerout吐出答案5．holdanimportantrank身居要职6．theworthysearchforknowledge对学问的崇高追求7．standstill静止不动8．sitback舒舒适服地坐好；袖手旁观9．workforthegovernment为政府工作三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1....wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence.……常常被教会惩处而无人为他们辩护。with复合结构在句中作状语。(2024·北京高考书面表达)With_all_the_work_done,_wewenttothenearbyneighbourhoodandgavethemtothepeoplelivingthere.做完全部的工作后，我们去了旁边的社区，把它们给了住在那里的人们。2....wereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.……不情愿去挑战他们始终习惯于信任的一切。what引导的名词性从句作challenge的宾语。Hewantedtoknowwhat_the__manager_had_saidatthemeeting.他想知道经理在会上说了什么。3.Itisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviews...人们情愿信任这些古老的观点并不惊奇……“Itis＋adj.＋that从句”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语为that从句。It_is_obvious_that_you've_made_a_serious_mistake.Pleasebecarefulnexttime!很明显你犯了一个严峻的错误。下次要细心点！1．(教材P42)Itseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.我们如何获得学问及如何理解现在好像自不待言。acquirevt.获得，得到acquireknowledge/experience 获得学问/阅历acquireagoodknowledgeof 学会，精通acquireatastefor 起先喜爱①(2015·重庆高考写作)Meanwhile,theyexchangeideasandfeelingswitheachother,throughwhichtheyprobablyacquiremoreknowledge.与此同时，他们彼此沟通思想和感情，这样他们可能获得更多的学问。②Onlywhenyouhaveacquired_a_good_knowledge_ofgrammarcanyouwritecorrectly.只有当你拥有了完善的语法学问，你才能正确地写作。③Myfatherhasrecentlyacquiredatastefor_coffee.我父亲最近起先喜爱喝咖啡了。2．(教材P42)AlthoughtodaywearemoreaccustomedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettospittheansweroutforus...尽管我们现在更习惯于在搜寻引擎里敲进几个关键词，等待互联网为我们吐出答案……beaccustomedto习惯于(1)get/become/growaccustomedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事be/get/becomeusedto(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事(2)accustomvt. 使习惯于accustomsb./oneselfto(doing)sth.使某人/自己习惯于做某事①Hereyesquicklybecame/got/grewaccustomedtothedark.她的眼睛很快就适应了黑暗。②Asweallknow,Englishpeopleareaccustomed/usedtodriving(drive)ontheleft.众所周知，英国人习惯于靠左边开车。③Tobreatheinmorefreshair,youmustaccustomyourself(you)togettingupearly.为了呼吸更多簇新空气，你必需使自己习惯于早起。[名师点津]请识记含有介词to的常见短语：①stickto 坚持②lookforwardto 盼望③devoteoneselfto 致力于④getdownto 着手⑤leadto 导致；通往⑥objectto 反对⑦payattentionto 留意3．(教材P42)Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.教会和很多人往往会忽视事实，不情愿去挑战他们始终习惯于信任的一切。tendto往往会，倾向于；照看，护理(1)tendtodosth. 常常做某事；有做某事的倾向tendto/towards... 趋向，倾向于……tend(to)sb. 照料，照看，护理某人(2)tendencyn. 倾向，趋势①(2015·浙江高考满分作文)Itendtosacrificemyowninterestforthegroupbenefit.我倾向于为集体利益牺牲自己的利益。②Shespendshersparetimetending_(to)_her_old_mother.她的业余时间都花在照看她年迈的母亲上。③Roughlyspeaking,thetendency(tend)ofthemarketisstilluncertain.粗略地说，这个市场的趋向仍不确定。4．(教材P42)Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.起初，人们赞同他的探讨并敦促他接着进行，但是后来当他证明亚里士多德错了的时候，他们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。approve(1)approvevt. 批准，通过vi.赞成approveof... 赞成……，同意……approveof(sb./sb.'s)doingsth. 同意/赞成(某人)做某事(2)approvaln. 批准，认可，赞同with/withoutapprovalof 经/未经……的批准①Iapproveofyourtryingtoearnsomemoney,butpleasedon'tneglectyourstudies.我同意你去挣一些钱，可是不要忽视了功课。②Shewouldneverdoanythingthatwasnotapproved_ofbyherparents.她从来不会做父母不赞成的事情。③Thecommitteeapproved_the_planatthemeetingyesterday.昨天在会上委员会通过了该项安排。④Hedecidedtogoabroadforfurtherstudywiththeapproval(approve)ofhisparents.经父母同意他确定出国深造。urge(1)vt.力劝，剧烈要求；极力主见urgesb.todo/intodoingsth. 力劝某人做某事urgethatsb.(should)dosth. 剧烈要求某人应做某事urgesth.on/uponsb. 向某人力陈/强调某事①Iurgehimtowriteanovelaboutthelifewelivetogetherinthecountry.我力劝他写一部关于我们一起在农村生活的小说。②Thereporturgedthatallchildren(should)_be_taught(teach)toswim.那份报告主见全部的孩子们都要学会游泳。③Heurgedon/uponhispupilstheimportanceofhardwork.他向学生们强调用功学习的重要性。(2)n.[C]剧烈的欲望，冲动haveanurgetodosth. 迫切想做某事④ThevacationiscomingandIhaveanurgetotravel.假期快到了，我迫切想去旅行。[语境串记]Anurgentbellrang,whichurgedustogetupquickly.Weallknewamatterofurgencywouldhappen.紧急的铃声响起，督促我们快起床。我们知道紧急状况就要发生了。5．(教材P43)ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.但即使是亚里士多德这样一位启发了他以后很多杰出的科学家和哲学家的宏大人物，有时也会出错。inspirev．鼓舞，激励；使产生(感觉或情感)；给予灵感，激发想法；启发；启示inspiresb.todosth. 激励某人做某事inspiresb.withsth.＝inspiresth.insb.使某人产生……感觉/情感①Ihopethissuccesswillinspireyoutomakegreaterefforts.我希望这次胜利能激励你更加努力。②Thegoodnewsinspireduswithprideandcourage.＝Thegoodnewsinspiredprideandcourageinus.这一好消息使我们产生了骄傲感和志气。[Wordfamily][语境串记]Iwasinspiredwithyourinspiringremarks,whichbroughtmeacreativeinspiration.你鼓舞人心的评论激励着我，给我带来了创作的灵感。6．(教材P43)WhydidAristotleassumethatthesunmovedaroundtheEarth?为什么亚里士多德认为太阳围着地球转？assumevt.假定，假设；认为(1)assume...tobe... 认为……是……assume(that)... 认为……Itis(generally)assumedthat... 人们(普遍)认为……(2)assumptionn. 假定，假设(3)assuming(that)... 假定……①Itisreasonabletoassume(that)thehousepriceswillcontinuetogoup.认为房价会接着上涨是有道理的。②Wemustassumehimto_be(be)innocentuntilheisprovedguilty.尚未证明他有罪，我们就得假定他是清白的。③Assuming(assume)thatyouareright,whatshouldwedonext?假定你是对的，我们下一步该怎么做？[名师点津]在英语中，有些看上去是现在分词或过去分词的词，事实上却常用作介词或连词。与assuming类似的词还有：①consideringprep.&conj. 鉴于，考虑到②givenprep. 鉴于，考虑到③includingprep. 包括，包含④supposingconj. 假设，假如⑤provided/providingconj. 假如，假如⑥concerningprep. 关于ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseancientviewsastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384－322BC)．人们情愿信任这些古老的观点并不惊奇，因为这些观点是宏大的哲学家亚里士多德(公元前384－公元前322)提出来的。在“Itis＋adj.＋that...”句型中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary,strange,clear,possible,natural,important,likely,obvious等。①Itisstrangethatnobodyknowswherehehasgone.很惊奇没有人知道他去了哪里。it作形式主语的其他常见句型：(1)It＋be＋过去分词＋that...常见的过去分词有：said,reported,believed,supposed,ordered,(well)known,suggested等。②It_is_reported_thatthefallofthelandslidehascausedtwohundreddeaths.据报道，山体滑坡已致200人死亡。(2)It＋不及物动词(短语)＋that...常见的不及物动词(短语)有：seem,appear,happen,turnout,occurto等。③Ithappenedthatwewerealloutthatday.碰巧那天我们都不在家。(3)It＋be＋名词短语＋that...常见的名词(短语)有：apity,afact,awonder,asurprise,nowonder等。④It_is_a_pity_thatyoudidn'tattendmybirthdaypartylastnight.很缺憾你昨天晚上没有参与我的生日聚会。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Assuming(assume)thattheworkwillbefinishedaheadoftime,whatshouldwedonext?2．Judgingfromtheinspiredlookofthestudents,theprofessormustbegivingareallyinspiringspeech.(inspire)3．Shewasapersonaccustomedtohaving(have)eighthours'sleepanight.4．Hewhodoeshisdutyisworthyofbeing_praised(praise)．Ⅱ.完成句子1．他应当知道这件事，这是重要的。It_is_important_thatheshouldknowaboutthis.2．你可以想象汽车以每小时30英里的速度撞向一堵砖墙结果会怎样。Youcanimaginewhat_it_would_be_likedrivingacarintoabrickwallat30milesanhour.3．随着时间的推移，旧风俗有被忽视的趋势。Astimepasses,oldcustomstend_to_be_neglected.4．我担忧你父母不会赞成你到那儿去。I'mafraidyourparentswon'tapprove_of_your_going_there.5．最近，机动车协会力劝开车的人不要在这条马路上行驶。TheMotoringOrganizationisurging_drivers_not_to_travelonthisroadrecently.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼法1．Theplanhasbeenexaminedandapproved(批准)bythecommittee.2．Themoneyweraisewillbegoingtoaveryworthy(崇高的)cause.3．Thecompetitionisofvital(极其重要的)importancetous.4．Thecurrenthealthcarereformisbeneficial(有益的)topeasants.5．Themuseumhasjustacquired(获得，得到)afamouspaintingbyPabloPicasso.6．Eithershedidn'tseemewaveorshedeliberatelyignored(忽视)me.7．I'mnotaccustomed(习惯的)togettingupsoearlytodomorningexercise.8．Thesituationisdangerous,buttheUNisurging(极力要求)cautiononit.9．Hispublicimage(形象)isverydifferentfromtherealperson.10．Hewasunwilling(不情愿的)togiveuphalfwayeventhoughtheremightbemoredifficultiesahead.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Iurgedthatwetookimmediatemeasurestopreventsuchthinghappeningagain.took→take2．Shefounditnecessarytoaccustomherchildtogetupearly.get→getting3．Thestudentsarelisteningtotheteacherwiththeireyesfixingontheblackboard.fixing→fixed4．Shesaidthatthemuseumwasnotworthythename.worthy→worth_或_worthy后加of5．Hedoesn'tapprovemyleavingschoolthisyear.approve_后加of6．WemustworkhardtoacquiregoodknowledgeofEnglish.acquire_后加a7．Thesortofmusichelistenstovaries,buttendspopularmusic.tends_后加to8．Itisagoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.去掉第一个aⅢ.选词填空tostartwith，putforward，getaccustomedto，inotherwords，goagainst，approveof，bebeneficialto，bebasedon1．Hiswifeismydaughter;in_other_words,_Iamhismother­in­law.2．Youcannotgo_againstnature.Otherwise,youwillbepunishedsoonerorlater.3．Abalanceddietandamoderateamountofsports_are_beneficial_toone'shealth.4．It'snotsurprisingthathermotherdoesn'tapprove_ofheridea.5．Ittakestimeforafreshmantofullyget_accustomed_tothenewlifestyleincollege.6．WhatdoyouthinkoftheplanIput_forwardatthemeeting?7．Thetheoryis_based_onaseriesofrightassumptions.8．To_start_with,_wehaven'tenoughmoney,andsecondlywe'retoobusy.Ⅳ.课文语法填空“Who1.questions(question)much,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch，”saidFrancisBacon.Nowitseemsobvioushowweacquireknowledgeand2.understanding(understand).However,inthe17thcentury,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfacts.As3.aresult,peoplewhoproved4.scientific(science)ideaswereoftenpunished.Manypeopletended5.to_ignore(ignore)thefactsandwereunwillingtochallengewhattheyhadbelieved.Tilltoday,peoplestillfeelthatifsomeoneimportantand6.respected(respect)saysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.7.ButsometimesgreatmensuchasAristotleandGalileimightmakemistakes.Thereforeourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusis8.constantly(constant)growingandchanging.Inother9.words(word),welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscansimplysay,“Weknowitall.”“Alltruthsareeasy10.to_understand(understand)oncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem，”saidGalileoGalilei.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达尽管晨练对于我们的健康有益(bebeneficialto)，但是我不习惯于(getaccustomedto)早起。起初(tostartwith)，我的同桌极力要求我不要太懒，但是我忽视(ignore)他。后来，我的身体很弱，而且不能集中精力学习。只有那时我才意识到健康对我们是多么重要(vital)啊！Doing_morning_exercise_is_beneficial_to_our_health,_but_I_didn't_get_accustomed_to_getting_up_early._To_start_with，my_deskmate_urged_I_(should)_not_be_lazy,_but_I_ignored_him._Later,_I_became_weak_and_couldn't_concentrate_on_my_study._Only_at_that_time_did_I_realize_how_vital_the_health_is_to_us!二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空TrueachievementDuringhighschool,IrememberreadingaboutJuniorAchievement(JA)programsandthinking,“Icould__1__dothat.”Economicsseemedtoocomplexforme,butourcurriculum__2__ustotakeit.Sobeganmyjourney.Now,Ican__3__andsay,“Wow,Ididdothat.”JAprogramshelpkidsaroundtheworld__4__asuccessfulfuture.Eachprogramis__5__byacommunityvolunteerwhohelpsstudentsconnectwhattheyarelearninginschoolwiththeirfutureintheworkforce.Hands­onactivitiesbringthe__6__worldtotheclassroom.WenamedourcompanyGloboCorp,anddescribedourlogoastheseeingeyeofbusiness,always__7__forillegalbusinesspractices.Whenourteachermentionedthedistrict__8__，Ibecameinterestedinapplyingthe__9__principlesIhadlearned.Webegantheweeklypractice.Ouradvisers(alsocommunityvolunteers)putinlonghours__10__principlesandstrategiesandhelpingusinterpretdata.Their__11__waswhatmadeJAprogramsunique,andwasanimmeasurable__12__.Andtherewasanothermotivation:WecouldearnatriptoDisneyWorld.Afterhardworkwe__13__madeittoDisneyWorld.Itwasa(n)__14__waytoendmyhighschoolcareer.__15__camefromeverywhere.Attheawardsbanquet(宴会),MickeyMouseshookourhandsandgaveusourownsetsofmouseears.Ourlocalnewspaperranarticles.Andthegreatest__16__wastowalkofftheplanebackhomeandseeacrowdof__17__parentswhoburstintoapplause.Althoughthisexperiencewillbeamongmybestmemories,aquotefromtheawardsbanquetiswhatIwill__18__mostaboutJAprograms.Thespeakerdiscussedthedifferencebetweensuccessand__19__.Atfirst,thewordsseemedinterchangeable,butthenI__20__hispoint.TomakeittoDisneyWorldandwinwassuccess,buttobondtogether,havefun,andovercomedifficultiesaswell—nowthatisarealachievement.语篇解读：本文是记叙文。学校的必修课程以及后来的参赛获胜经验让我明白了胜利和成就的区分。1．A.ever B．alwaysC．just D．never解析：选D由下文中的“Economicsseemedtoocomplex”可知，我认为我恒久不会(never)参与JA安排。2．A.inspired B．requiredC．allowed D．promised解析：选B由下文中的“Sobeganmyjourney.”可知，学校的课程要求(required)我们学习经济学。3．A.lookover B．lookaroundC．lookdown D．lookback解析：选D由下文中的“Wow,Ididdothat.”可知，如今回想(lookback)起来，我会说我竟然做到了。4．A.giveup B．worryaboutC．preparefor D．preferto解析：选C由下文中的“helpsstudentsconnectwhattheyarelearninginschoolwiththeirfutureintheworkforce”可知，JA安排帮助全世界的学生为将来的胜利做打算(preparefor)。5．A.written B．describedC．managed D．copied解析：选C每个安排都由一个社区志愿者来管理(managed)。6．A.sad B．realC．wild D．lucky解析：选B由上文中的“Hands­onactivities”可知实践活动把真正的(real)世界带入教室。7．A.grateful B．guiltyC．watchful D．regretful解析：选C由上文中的“theseeingeyeofbusiness”以及下文中的“illegalbusinesspractices”可知，我们公司警惕(watchful)非法商业活动。8．A.concert B．competitionC．interview D．celebration解析：选B由下文中的“earnatrip”以及“awardsbanquet”可知，老师提到社区竞赛(competition)。9．A.economic B．legalC．political D．scientific解析：选A由上文中的“Economics”可知，我产生了把所学的经济(economic)原则付诸实践的爱好。10．A.imagini