阅读七选五之设空剖析-2023年高考英语复习专练（新高考专用）学生版

重难点02-1阅读七选五之设空剖析

2023年高考英语【热点・重点•难点】专练（新高考专用）

年份卷类卷别体裁题材设空位置

段中设空4

I卷说明文如何寻找健身的伙伴

段尾设空1

新高考

段首设空1

n卷说明文写文章的技巧

段中设空4

段首设空1

2022年

甲卷说明文外出就餐的注意事项段中设空3

段尾设空1

全国卷

段首设空3

乙卷说明文五种维系异地友谊的方法段中设空1

段尾设空1

段首设空1

I卷记叙文体验巴黎当地的生活

段中设空4

新高考段首设空1

n卷说明文提高阅读速度的建议段中设空2

段尾设空2

2021年

段首设空1

甲卷说明文处理旧衣物的方法

段中设空4

全国卷段首设空2

乙卷说明文在晚会上受人关注的方法段中设空2

段尾设空1

从两年高考阅读七选五命题的设空位置（段首空为10空、段中空为24空、段尾空为6空）我们可以看

出，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需

要考生瞻前顾后。根据新高考I卷段中设空两年都保持在4空的情况下，我们可以认为2023年新高考阅

读七选五设空位置大体有两种可能：一是保持不变；二是对段首设空、段中设空、段尾设空的比例作一

些微调。

热点解读

在阅读七选五中，句子在段落中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。段首设空所要填的内容起概括主

旨的作用；段中设空所要填的内容起注释细节、体现逻辑关系的作用；段尾设空所要填的内容起归纳总

结的作用。除此之外，三种设空处所要填的内容都有一个共同的作用：不是承上，就是启下，或者兼而

有之（承上启下）。

此外，还有一种设空的方式是标题设空，其特点非常明显：位于文章的首位或是段与段之间，呈现

形式为单独成行或成段。

一、段首设空的主要考点：

段落标题句、段落主旨句、段落过渡句（承上启下句或导入句）。

此外，设空在首段段首处时，有可能考查的是通篇主题句。

满分技巧

【满分技巧1】借助“对标”将题

对照其他标题的表达形式，看其呈现形式是否和其他小标题相一致。

【满分技巧2】借助“提炼”将题

注意阅读相关段落内容，提炼其中的中心词（留意体现主旨的同义词复现）串联成标题。

【满分技巧3】借助“推断”解题

认真阅读空后的下文内容，掌握该段大意，推断出主旨句。

【满分技巧4】借助“抓点”解题

设空处在段首时（设空在首段段首处除外），很有可能是过渡句（承上启下句或导入句）。因此，要阅读

上下文并抓住两个重点：重点了解上一段，尤其是尾句的内容，还要快速浏览下一段的内容；二是要标

出关键词。使所选答案能够把上下两段内容紧密的衔接起来。

【经典考例1］（引用原题号，以下同）

（2022•浙江1月高考卷节选）…

Pickthemostimportant.

Combineyouractivities.

—34―

Youwouldthinklearningtakesmoretimefromyou,butactuallytherearealwaysnewwaysofdoingthings

thatcansaveyoutimeondailytasks,freeingyouupforthemostimportant.Alwaysbelookingforanewwayto

gainbackanhourhereorthere.

Lightenup.

A.Speedup.

B.Beanactivelearner.

C.Stoptryingtobalancetimebetweenthemall.

D.Makechoicesaboutwhatismeaningfulinyourlife.

E.Thethingsyoudowellusuallygiveyougreaterjoy.

F.Perhapsthesetipswillhelpyoumakethemostofyourtime.

G.Thisiswhymakinglistsisimportantinanyproductivityhandbook.

【经典考例2】

（2022•新高考II卷节选）Writinganessayisadifficultprocessformostpeople.However,theprocesscanbe

madeeasierifyoulearntopracticethreesimpletechniques.

___36___Whenyouarefirsttryingtothinkofideasforanessay,putyourpentoyourpaperandwrite

nonstopfortenorfifteenminuteswithoutlettingyourpenleavethepaper.Staylooseandfree.___37___（Let

yourpenfollowthewavesofthought.）Don,tworryaboutgrammarorspelling.Eventhoughthistechnique

won'tworkforeveryone,ithelpsmanypeoplegetagoodstoreofideastodrawon.

A.Makesureyourhandwritingisneat.

B.Letyourpenfollowthewavesofthought.

C.Theseconddraftoftheessayshouldbebetter.

D.Firstofall,learnthetechniqueofnonstopwriting.

E.Toomanywriterstrytogettheirdraftsrightthefirsttime.

F.Manybeginningwritersdon'tleaveenoughspacetorevise.

G.Thenyoucanprintoutafreshdraft,againsettingyourtextontriple-space.

【经典考例3】

（2020•新课标III卷节选）37Somepeopleregisteralistofthingstheywantorneedfortheirnew

homeatalocalorstoreorstores.Somecommonthingspeoplewillputonagiftregistryincludekitchentools

likeknivesandthingslikecurtains.Evenifthereisn'taregistry,agoodhousewarminggiftissomethingto

decoratethenewhousewith,likeapieceofartoraplant.

___38___Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn'talotoffoodserved.Thereare

usuallynoplannedactivitieslikegamesatahousewarmingparty.Thehostorhostessofthepartywill,however,

probablygivealltheguestsatouroftheirnewhome.Sometimes,becauseahousewarmingpartyhappensshortly

afterapersonmovesintotheirnewhome,peoplemaybeaskedtohelpunpackboxes....

A.Thisisn'tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

热点解读

二、段中设,史的主要考点

段中上下文关联句：从段落语篇结构、行文逻辑关系等方面命题。

满分技巧

【满分技巧1]借助“语篇结构”解题

阅读七选五的体裁主要是说明文，语篇常采用“总——分”或“总——分——总”的结构。前一部

分说明事物的主题，下面几部分从不同角度说明问题，最后总结。常见的标志性词汇有：toconclude,tosum

up,generallyspeaking,inaword,inbrief,inconclusion,ingeneral,inshort,insummary,onthewhole等等。

【满分技巧2】借助“解玲例证”斛题

段落后文对前文或解释说明或举例佐证。常见的标志性词汇有：actually,asamatterof,infact,inother

words,thatistosay,forexample,forinstance等等。

【满分技巧3】借助“转折让步”斛题

段落行文中后句与前句构成逻辑上的转折关系或前句与后句构成逻辑上的让步关系。常见的标志性

词汇有：but,however,instead,nevertheless,or/otherwise,whereas,while,yet,atanyrate,inanycase,onthe

contrary以及although/though/as,inspiteof等等。

【满分技巧4】借助“层层推进”斛题

段落行文中前句与后面的数句在某种意义上层层推进，一层更进一层，即通常所说的“递进”。常

见的标志性词汇有：besides,even,further,furthermore,moreover,inaddition,not...but,notonly...butalso,to

makemattersworse,what'sworse,whafsmore等等。

【满分技巧5】借助“原因结果”斛题

前句与后句之间构成前因后果或者前果后因的关系。常见的标志性词汇有：accordingly,consequently,

hence,so/therefore/thus,asaresultof,dueto,nowthat,such/so...thatthanksto,等等。

【满分技巧6】借助“齐头并进”斛题

指句子与句子之间齐头并进互不相属形成并列关系，用了一起说明同一个问题。常见的标志性词汇

有：and,first/firstly,second/secondly,third/thirdly,next,then,inthefirstplace,inthesecondplace,forone

thing...foranotherthing,finally/last等等。

特别提醒：以上所有这些标志性词汇有可能出现在原文中，也有可能出现在备选项中。

【经典考例1]

（2017•新高考I卷节选）Thefriendswhointroducedmetocampingthoughtthatitmeanttobeapioneer.

___37___Wesleptinatent,cookedoveranopenfire,andwalkedalongdistancetotaketheshowerandusethe

bathroom.ThisbriefvisitwithMotherNaturecostmetwodaysofffromwork,recoveringfromabadcaseof

sunburnandthedoctor'sbillformyson'sfoodpoisoning.

A.Thistimetherewasnotent.

B.Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.

C.Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.

D.Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.

E.ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.

F.Afterthetrip,myfamilybecamequiteinterestedincamping.

G.Therewasnoshadeasthetreeswerenomorethan3feettall.

【经典考例2]

（2020•全国卷I节选）・Forgiveyourselfformistakesthatyouhavemade.Weareoftenashamedofour

shortcomings,ourmistakesandourfailures.___38___Youwillmakemistakes,timeandtimeagain.Ratherthan

gettingcaughtupinhowyoucouldhavedonebetter,whynotofferyourselfacompassionate（有同情心）response?

“Thatdidn'tgoasplanned.But,Itriedmybest.^^

A.Feelingupsetagain?

B.Wheredoyoustart?

C.Nothingistoosmalltocelebrate.

D.Remember,youareonlyhuman.

E.Setanintentionforself-acceptance.

F.Stopcomparingyourselfwithothers.

G.Whendoesthecomparisongamestart?

【经典考例3】

（2021•新高考卷I节选）Parisiansaredifferentfromyouandme.Theyneverlooklazyoruntidy.Assomeone

notedinthispaperacoupleofweeksago,theyeatgreatfoodandnevergainweight.___38___Frenchstrawberries

donottastelikecardboard.Instead,theyexplodeinyourmouthlikelittleflavorbombs.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【经典考例4]

（2020•山东卷节选）Someindividualsarebornwithagiftforpublicspeaking.___36___Doyouwanttobe

agoodpublicspeaker?Herearesomeprinciplesyoumustmaster.

Peoplewanttolistentosomeonewhoisinteresting,relaxedandcomfortable.Toooftenwhenyoustandup

togiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public“attheexpenseofthe“speaking.“___37___Focusonthespeaking.

Talkdirectlytoyouraudience,beyourselfandmakeaconnection.

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience

F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners

G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.

【经典考例5]

（2021•新高考I卷节选）Theplacewasn'tentirelyauthentic,though.UnlikeanormalParisianapartment,the

plumbing（水管）worked.___37___Ourbuildingevenhadatinyliftwithafemalevoicethatsaid,atOuverturedes

portes,inperfectFrench.ThatistheonlyFrenchphraseImastered,andifsashameIdon'thavemuchuseforit.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【经典考例6]

（2021•新高考I卷节选）MyhusbandandIjustspentaweekinParis.___36___Sothefirstthingwedidwas

rentafantasticallyexpensivesixth-floorapartmentthesizeofacupboard.Itwassotinythatwehadtoleaveour

suitcasesinthehallway.

A.Notallthecustomersaretourists.

B.ThequalityoflifeinFranceisequallyexcellent.

C.Therewasanicekitchenandacomfortablebed.

D.Theamazingfoodismainlyconsumedbylocalfarmers.

E.ThafsnottheonlyreasontheFrencheatlessthanwedo.

F.Ouraimwastoseeifwecouldlive,insomeway,likerealParisians.

G.Thefoodissodeliciousthatyoudon'tneedmuchofittomakeyouhappy.

【经典考例7】

（2020•全国高考HI卷节选）Ahousewarmingpartyisaspecialpartytobeheldwhensomeonebuysormoves

intoanewapartmentorhouse.Thepersonwhoboughtthehouseormovedistheonewhothrowstheparty.The

partyisachanceforfriendsandfamilytocongratulatethepersononthenewhome.___36___Anditisgoodtime

tofillthenewspacewithloveandhopefulpresents.

A.Thisisn'tusualthough.

B.Itistraditionaltobringagifttoahousewarmingparty.

C.Youcanalsobringfoodordrinkstosharewiththeotherguests.

D.Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts,keeptheminasafeplace.

E.Italsogivespeopleachancetoseewhatthenewhomelookslike.

F.Thebesthousewarmingpartiesencourageoldfriendstogettogether.

G.Thiswassothatthepersoncouldkeeptheirhomewarmforthewinter.

热点解读

三、段尾设,史的主要考点

首段末句设空的考点：承上启下句，引出全文要谈的几个方面（段落）；全文主题句；

段落末句设空的考点：段落主题句/总结句（往往与段落开头呼应）；（承上启下）过渡句或细节支撑

句

（与空前或空后内容形成某种内在的逻辑关系）；

全文末句设空的考点：全文的总结句（往往与文章开头呼应）。

满分技巧

【满分技巧1］借助“前呼后应”斛题

尾句要跟段首句呼应以及要跟前文中的一两句呼应。

【满分技巧1］借助“瞻前顾后”将题

先看空格前的句子看是否与尾句有关联。如果看不出，就要考虑看下一段的首句，看看是否有关联

O

【满分技巧1］借助“遂握优先”斛题

分析尾句与空格的前句之间的逻辑关系。

【经典考例1】

（2017•全国新课标III卷节选）Keepyoursleep/wakescheduleonweekends.Ifyou'retiredoutbyFriday

night,sleepinginonSaturdaycouldsoundwonderful.Butcompensatingontheweekendsactuallyfeedsinto

yoursleepinessthefollowingweek,arecentstudyfound.___39___

Keeparecordandevaluateitweekly.Keeptrackofyoureffortsandwritedownhowyoufeel.Afteryou've

triedanewmethodforaweek,takealookatyourrecord.___40___（Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepit

up.）Ifnot,takeanotherlookatothermethodsyoucouldtry.

A.Getasleepspecialist.

B.Findtherightmotivation.

C.Abetterplanforsleepcanhelp.

D.Andconsidersettingasecondalarm.

E.Ifthestepsyoutakeareworking,keepitup.

F.Sticktoyoursetbedtimeandwake-uptime,nomattertheday.

G.Reconsiderthe15minutesyouspendinlineatthecafetogetcoffee.

【经典考例2】

（2021・6月浙江卷节选）

You'vegotmail...andifsapostcard

PauloMagalhaes,a34-year-oldPortuguesecomputerengineer,lovestoopenhismailboxandfinda

brightlycoloredpictureofRome9sColosseum.OrAfrica^VictoriaFalls.OrChina'sGreatWall.___11_

“Ioftensendpostcardstofamilyandfriends.hesaystoChinaDaily,“butyoucanimaginethataftera

while,youneverreceiveasmanyasyousend,andyourealizethatnoteveryoneisintoit...”

A.Andthafstotallyfine

B.Thatmakesitextrahardtolearnandpracticeit

C.Helikestothinkofsendingpostcardsasafamily-friendlyhobby

D.Manylovetomakeaconnectionwithsomeonefromacrosstheworld.

E.OnAugust5,thenumberofpostcardsexchangedbymemberstopped31million.

F.Similarly,ifyouspeakonlyChinese,receivingacardinSwedishtakespartofthefunaway.

G.Inshort,helovespostcards,andtheexcitementofgettingahand-writtennotefromsomeonefaraway.

【经典考例3】

（2020•山东卷节选）Eventhemostsuccessfulpublicspeakerwillmakemistakes.Yet,theonlyonewho

caresaboutanymistakeistheonewhoisspeaking.People'sattentionwandersconstantly.Infact,mostpeople

onlyabsorbabout20percentofaspeaker'smessage.So,don'tstopspeakingwhenyoumakeamistakeunless

it'satrulyseriousone.___18___

A.Dotheopposite.

B.Youwanttobeaneffectivepublicspeaker.

C.Youdon'tneedtoapologizeforaminorslip.

D.Whenitcomestopublicspeaking,lessisusuallymore.

E.Theobjectiveofmostspeechesistobenefittheaudience

F.Takethefearoutofpublicspeakingbyfocusingonyourlisteners

G.However,themajorityofpeopleareeffectivespeakersbecausetheytraintobe.

【经典考例4]

（2020-6月浙江卷节选）Abrightspotformeturnedouttobereading.Myloveofthewrittenwordbeganearly

asmymotherreadtomeeveryevening.___32___（Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.）Istarted

readingbooksonmyownbeforeage5andmymothertookmetothepubliclibraryonceaweektoborrowseveral

books.Iquicklygraduatedfromtypicalchildren'sbookstooneswithfewerpicturesandlongerchapters.Reading

openednewworldstome.___33___

A.Iwasn'taloneanylonger.

B.Ienjoyedreadingstoriesaloud.

C.Iwasinvitedtoplaywithanotherkid.

D.Ilovedthecolorfulphotographsinthebooks.

E.AnotherhabitIformedearlywasbeingoutdoors.

F.Thus,Ibeganmylifelonginterestinmakingthings.

G.Myolderbrothercouldn'tbebotheredtoplaywithme.

限时检测

（题目序号仿新高考）

每篇答题时间不超过8分钟

Passage1

（2022•广东高三期中）Readytoupgradeyourusualwalkaroundtheparkforahikeinthewild?___36___So,

beforeyousetoff,here'ssometipsandrecommendations.

Chooseyourtrail（〃、路）.Areyouupforaclimborwouldyouprefermoreofaneasierwalk?Consider

thingsliketheamountoftimeyouhaveforyourhike,aswellasthedistanceanddifficultylevel.Besuretodo

plentyofresearchandmapoutyourstartandendpoints.___37___Checktheweatherforecast.There9snosuch

thingasbadweatherifyou'vecomeprepared!Socheckingtheweatherforecastinadvanceisvital.

___38___Forasunnyhike,abaseballcapaddsasportyedgetoyourhikingoutfitwhilekeepingthesunfrom

youreyes.

___39___Awell-packedbackpackcanmake-or-breaktheexperienceofyourhike.Fillyourwatercontainer

andstoreupenergy-increasingsnackstokeepyougoingonyourtrail.Afirstaidkitandmaparealsoworth

poppinginyourbag,too.Beforeyoupack,ifsimportanttochooseagoodqualitybackpackthafslightweight

andcomfortable.

Layerup.Wonderingwhattowearonahike?___40___Thisthree-layersystemincludesabaselayernextto

yourskin,anadjustablelayerontopandanoutershelltoprotectyoufromwaterandwind.Hopefullyyouwon't

bebattlingtheelementstoomuch,butlayeringupwithlightclothesmeansyoucanstayonthetrailwithasmile

onyourface.

A.Packyournecessitiesinaqualitybackpack.

B.Youwanttokeepyourbackpackaslightaspossible.

C.Incaseofrain,awaterproofjacketshouldbeonyourchecklist.

D.Lightweightshoesareagoodbalancebetweensupportandstability.

E.Anddon'tforgettoletsomeoneknowyourtrailifyou'rehikingalone.

F.Experthikerssuggestathree-layerapproachtodressingwellforaroughday.

G.Preparationiskeytothedifferencebetweenagoodhikeandanunforgettableone.

Passage2

（2022•湖北恩施市一中模拟预测）TheUnitedStatesisavastcountrywheretherearefourdifferenttime

zones.Inaddition,manypartsofthecountryobservedaylightsavingtime（DST）aswell.InareasthatadoptDST,

theclockismovedonehourforwardforthesummer.Thus,thelocaltimevariesacrossdifferentareasofthe

country.___36___Ithasbeenchangedmanytimesovertheyears.

Fordecades,boththeEasternTimeZoneandCentralTimeZonehaveexistedwithinthestate.Manyareas

inthestatehaveswitchedbackandforthbetweenEasternTimeandCentralTime.Furthermore,untilvery

recently,policyconcerningDSTdifferedfromoneplacetoanother.___37In2006,however,theentirestate

startedtoobserveDST.

SomehavearguedthatthetimesysteminIndianaharmslocalbusinessesworkingwithcompaniesoutside

ofIndiana.Forexample,acompanyinIndianaoncescheduledaphoneconferencewithcompaniesinother

states.___38___Thiswasbecausethosewhomissedtheconferencedidnotknowinwhichtimezonethe

companywaslocated.

___39___LocalbusinessesmaybenefitfrombeingintheEasternTimeZonewherethefinancialcenterof

theentirecountry,WallStreetinNewYorkCity,islocated.Meanwhile,thismaynotbeconvenientforresidents

inthewesternpartsofIndianawhocommute（通勤）tomajorcitiesintheCentralTimeZone,likeChicago,just

acrossthestateborder.

ThecontroversyovertimeinIndianawaspartlyresolvedin2006.___40___However,thereisstill

disagreementabouthavingtwodifferenttimezonesinthestate.Thisdebatemaycontinueaslongaspeople

livingindifferentpartsofthestatehavedifferentneeds.

A.InotherareasDSTwasadopted.

B.Itisnoteasytoresolvethisissue.

C.TheentirestatestartedtoobserveDST.

D.Onlyhalfoftheparticipantswereonline.

E.MostareasintheEasternTimeZonedidnotadoptDST.

F.ThestateofIndianaisknownforitscomplextimesystem.

G.ItdependsonwhichtimezonetheareaisinandwhetherDSTisadopted.

Passage3

（2022•湖南武冈市教育科学研究所高三期中）

Howtotellyourcareerstory

Ibelievetellingyourstoryisoneofthemostimportantlifeskillsbecauseitisthemomentwhenyou

committothechangewhatyouwanttomakeinyourlife___36___.

Sharewhatyoureallywanttodo

Ifyouknowwhatyoureallywanttodoforwork,tellpeopleevenifyouhaven'ttakenyourfirststepdown

thatpath.Don'tholdback,goforit!___37___,notwhatyouaredoingrightnow.Whenyoutalkaboutthework

you'vealwayswantedtodo,you'llnaturallysoundmoreexcited,andotherpeoplewillsenseyourexcitement.

Shareyourmotivation

Assoonasyoutellsomeoneabouttheworkyou'vealwayswantedtodo,immediatelytellthemaboutyour

motivationfordoingit.Communicateyour"why”,yourpurpose,andyourreasonformakingachangeinyour

work.___38___iftheybelieveyourintentionsarereliable.Youmightevenshareapersonalstory.

―39—?

Yourpastexperienceshavevalue.Theyprovidedyouwithmarketableskillsthatyoucanuseinnewways

tosupportyournewwork.Theyarepartofyournewstory.Whenyoutalktosomeoneaboutwhatyouwantto

do,sharehowyourpastexperiencesmakeyouuniquelyqualifiedtodoit.Howdidtheyleadyouheretotake

thisnextstep?Showhowthey5rehelpingyouworktowardyournewpurpose.Forexample,myworkatCBS

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media.___40___.Myworkasanentrepreneurhelpedmeunderstandhowtobu