2025年上海市闵行区高三二模英语试卷(含答案)

学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语学科2025.4（考试时间105分钟试卷满分115分）2025.4GrammarandvocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Interestedinwriting,photographyorcurrentevents?Lookingforanexperience(1)__________(inspire)yourcollegeessays?Orhopingtoexploreaworld-classcitywithnewfriendsthissummer?(2)__________so,checkouttheBostonUniversitySummerJournalismAcademy.It’saprogramcreatedandrunbyBostonUniversity,(3)__________highschoolstudents:Learnfromaward-winning,workingjournalists—includingtwowho(4)__________(share)PulitzerPrizesfortheirreporting.ReportonactualeventsaroundBostonoryourhometown.PlacestorieswithBoston’sDailyFreePress,oneofthetopcollegenewspapers.Improvetheirwriting,interviewing,andresearchskills—applicabletoanymajorandcareer.Theacademyofferstwooptions:(5)__________on-campus,residentialprogramoverthreeweeksforstudentswithjournalismexperience,andalearn-from-homeprogramovertwoweeksforallexperiencelevels.Forstudents(6)__________(draw)tophotography,weofferaspecialphotojournalismtrackforboth.Everyoption(7)__________(organize)inthreesections:Classroomstartseachdaywithareviewofjournalismfundamentalsinacollegiateformat.Auniversity-leveljournalismtextbookprovidesdailyreadingsandwritingassignments.Newsroomprovidestimeforstudentstoapply(8)__________theylearnintheclassroomtohands-onjournalismassignments.Overtherestoftheirday,studentsconductinterviewsandgatherinformation.GuestTalksofferstudentsadviceandinsight(9)__________journalismexpertsintopicssuchasradioreportingandjournalismlearningincollege.SessionsfeatureaGuestTalkduringeachthree-weeksession.Studentsalsovisitcitynewsroomstohearfromfamousreporters.Applicationsfortheon-campussessionfromJune24toJuly12aredue:April19.Applicationsforlearn-at-homesessions(10)__________(start)fromJune17,July1,andJuly15aredue:May10.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.switch B.cost C.deadliest D.flooding E.items F.shippingG.translates H.packed I.sticks J.lightweight K.recyclePlasticiseverywhere,butit’snotgreatforourhealthortheplanet.Inthepast,atypicalboxfromAmazon—anonlineshoppingplatform—arrived(11)__________withplasticairpillows(枕头)madefromflexibleplasticfilm.Whenplasticfilmisthrownaway,itoftenendsupinlandfillsorintheenvironment,includingtheoceans,whereitcaninjureandkillmarinelife.Instudiesof80marinespeciesthatdiedafterswallowingavarietyofplasticrubbish,flexibleplasticprovedtobethe(12)__________.NowAmazonannouncedthatbyOctober2024,ithadremovedallplasticairpillowsfromitsdeliverypackaging.“Wewanttomakesurethefinalpackageiseasyto(13)__________athome,”saysPatLindner,Amazon’svicepresidentofsustainablepackaging.Tomakethe(14)__________,thecompanyhadtomakesurethatareplacementwouldworkaswellastheplasticversion.Itactuallyturnedouttoperformbetter.Thenumberofpackagesthatgetdamagedinshipmentwasreduced.Amazonworkedwithsupplierstofinda(15)__________,100%recycledpaperthat’seasiertowraparoundanobjecttoprotectit.Thepaperalsotakesuplessspace,sonowmore(16)__________fitinasmallerbox.That(17)__________tousinglessgasorelectricity,inthecaseofthecompany’selectricvanstomakeadelivery.It’sawelcomechangefollowingyearsofpressurefromenvironmentalgroupstostopplasticpollution(18)__________intooceans.“Thefactthattheworld’slargeste-commercecompanyhasmadeplasticairpillowsathingofhistorygloballyisfantasticnewsfortheworld’soceans,”thenonprofitOceanasaidinastatementinresponsetoAmazon’sannouncement.Plasticischeap,butthenewsystemsavesthecompanymoneysincethere’slessriskthatsomethingwillbreakduring(19)__________andneedreplacement,Lindnersays.“Andsothefactthatwecandeliverpackagesmoresafelyandwithlessdamageisa(20)__________savingtous.”ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Languageallowsustodescribeactions,qualities,andrelationshipsinbothrealandimaginedexperiences.Akeyquestioninlinguistics(语言学)ishowlanguagesdeveloped.Recentresearchsuggeststhaticonicity—theconnectionbetweenformandmeaning—mayhaveplayedacrucialroleinthe__21__.Peoplecan’tovercomelanguagebarriersandunderstandeachotherwithouticonicity.Weoftenuseourhandsandbodies,__22__toactoutmeanings,showingthesizesandshapesofobjects.Thekeytoformingnewsymbolsistheuseoficonicity.Notlimitedto__23__,iconicityappearsinvisualcommunicationtoo.Trafficsigns,foodpackaging,andmapsalluseiconicitytomakeinformationeasytounderstand,regardlessofthe__24__.Iconicityalsoexistsin__25__.Toexplorethis,researchersorganizedacontestwhereparticipantsrecordedsoundstoexpressdifferentmeanings.Thesesoundscouldnotcontainactualwordsor__26__expressionslike“BOOM”foranexplosion.Listenersthentriedtomatchthesoundstoasetofwrittenoptions,andthecontestantwhosesoundsweremostaccurately__27__wonthecontest.Theresultsweresurprising—listenerssuccessfullyidentifiedtheintended__28__ofthesounds.Yet,allthecontestantsandlistenerswereEnglishspeakers.Thus,itwaspossiblethatlisteners’successreliedon__29__culturalknowledge.Totestifthisphenomenonexistedacross__30__,researchersconductedabroaderInternetsurvey,translatingtheexperimentinto25languages.Participantsfromdifferentlinguisticbackgroundslistenedtothesoundsand__31__theirmeaningsfromsixwrittenoptions.Thefindingsshowed__32__accuracylevelsacrossdifferentlanguagegroups.Englishspeakershadthehighestaccuracyrateat74%,whilePortuguesespeakersscored34%.Thoughfarfromperfect,theseresultsweremuchhigherthantheexpectedchancerateof8%.Thesestudiesshowthatourcapacityforiconiccommunicationhasplayedafundamentalroleinlanguage__33__.Iconicityenablesindividualstoexpressmeaningsinwaysthatarenot__34__dependentonspecificlinguisticknowledge.Withoutthis__35__,languagemayneverhavedevelopedintothecomplexsystemwehavetoday.A.description B.style C.interaction D.processA.asaresult B.inparticular C.forexample D.inotherwordsA.objects B.formation C.understanding D.gesturingA.language B.evidence C.hints D.explanationA.cultures B.sounds C.labs D.competitionsA.sound-imitating B.carefully-chosen C.imaginary D.shockingA.heard B.repeated C.interpreted D.recordedA.meanings B.purposes C.volume D.speedA.extensive B.shared C.traditional D.classicA.cultures B.generations C.careers D.situationsA.added B.clarified C.acquired D.guessedA.similar B.varying C.satisfactory D.experimentalA.ability B.acquisition C.evolution D.diversityA.skillfully B.routinely C.vividly D.entirelyA.knowledge B.ability C.awareness D.findingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Therockdove,abirdnativetoEuropeandWesternAsia,istheancestorofthecommonurbanpigeon.SettlersintroducedrockdovestoNorthAmericainthe1600sformeatand,overtime,thesebirdsescapeddomesticationandgrewwellinurbanareas.Citieshavealottoofferpigeons,astallbuildingsandwindowshelvescanserveasnestingsitesforrockdoves.Urbanresidentsprovideplentyoffoodforpigeonseitherintentionallybyfeedingpigeonsbirdseedorbreadorunintentionallybyleavingoutfoodwaste.Inadditiontohuman-sourcedfood,pigeonshaveabroaddiet,includingseeds,berries,andinsects.Pigeonenthusiastsalsosetdomesticatedbirdsfreeintotheurbanenvironment,wheretheylaterbringforthyoung.Pigeons’abilitytoreproduceyear-roundleadstohighlynumerouspigeonsinthecity,whichisanissueforurbanwildlifemanagers.Althoughpigeonsaresociallypaired,theyliveingroupsofupto500birdsandthispersistentcongregationcancauseconsiderableconflictswithpeople.Toeaseconflictswithpigeons,managershaveusedseveralmethodstopreventpigeonpresenceorreducepigeonnumbers.Managershaveuseddeadlytoolssuchaspoisons.However,thisapproachtypicallydoesn’thavesustainedresultsbecausetheremainingpigeonsmultiplyrapidly.Further,manypoisonsarenotspecies-specificandmayharmotherurbanbirds.Otherprogramsaimedatreducingnestsuccessinvolveremovingtheeggsandreplacingthemwithfakeeggs.Theyoftenfailbecauseitcanbedifficulttoaccessnestsorattractpigeonstonesthouses.Preventingconflictsultimatelyreliesonremovingfoodsourcesforurbanpigeons.Forexample,manyurbanresidentsfeedpigeonsinparks.Thiscouldbelimitedthroughpubliceducationcampaignsorbycarryingoutfeedingregulations.WhichofthefollowingisNOTareasonforthesurvivalofpigeonsinurbanareas?A.Pigeon-friendlyclimate. B.Availabilityofhabitats.C.Richfoodsupply. D.Freeingdomesticatedpigeons.Theword“congregation”(paragraph3)isclosestinmeaningto__________.A.introduction B.gathering C.reproduction D.nestingFromthesentence“thisapproachtypically…”inthelastparagraph,wecaninferthattheapproach__________.A.needstobeusedrepeatedly B.isnoteffectiveinthelongrunC.reducespigeonnumbersgreatly D.workswhenpigeonsmultiplyItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat__________.A.urbanpigeonstendtoactindependentlyB.itisdifficultforpigeonstoadapttocitiesC.stoppingfeedingpigeonsiskeytocontrollingtheirnumbersD.alternativemethodstoreducepigeonnumbersarebeingexplored(B)HowtoStreamlineYourProjectManagementProcessEffectiveprojectmanagementisthecornerstoneofanysuccessfulattempt.Onewaytoensuresuccessisstreamliningyourprojectmanagementprocess.Here’sastep-by-stepguidetomakinganyprojectrunsmoothly.Step1:DefineGoalsandObjectivesStartwithaclearunderstandingofyourgoalsandobjectives.Awell-definedpurposehelpskeeptheteamfocused.Step2:DevelopaComprehensiveProjectPlanIncludethekeycomponents:adetailedtimeline,taskbreakdown,resourcedistribution,budgetconsideration,andriskassessment.Step3:TrackProgressAndMilestonesUsereliabledigitaltoolstojudgewhetheryouareontrackornot.Step4:__________Assessindividualstrengthsandassigntasksaccordingly.It’salsonecessarytousetimeandfundswisely,aswellasadoptsuitabletoolstoautomatetasks.Step5:EnsureEffectiveCommunicationsTeammembersshouldcommunicateclearlyinacentralizedprojectmanagementplatformwithmessagingandcommentingfeatures.Step6:ClosetheProjectCollectfeedbackfromparticipants,documentkeylessonslearned,andstoreallproject-relateddocuments.It’salsoimportanttorecognizeteammembersfortheirefforts.Thestreamlinedprojectmanagementprocesscanbeappliedtovarioustypesofprojects,whetheryouarelaunchinganewbusinessinitiative,managingalarge-scaleeventororganizingacommunityserviceproject.Thispassageisintendedforprojectmanagers__________.A.aimingtoimprovetheimpactoftheirprojectsB.interestedinstreamliningtheirmanagementmeetingsC.seekingtoenrichtheirmanagementknowledgeandskillsD.lookingtomaketheirprojectmanagementefficientWhichofthefollowingbestfitstheblankinStep4?A.ManageYourResources B.AutomateAssignmentsC.DetermineResponsibilityRange D.IdentifyLabour-savingModeDavidisorganizingacharityfundraiser.Arrangethefollowingquestionsheneedstoconsiderinthecorrectorderbasedontheprojectmanagementsteps.(1)Arekeyparticipantshappywitheverything?(2)HowmuchmoneyintotalcanIexpecttoraise?(3)Whichappcanbeusedtorecordtheamountofmoneycollectedatdifferenttimes?(4)Isemailaneffectivechannelforteammemberstostatetheirpoints?(5)Whattasksareyourteammembersbestat?(6)Whatarethespecifictasksinvolvedinorganizingthefundraiser?A.(2)(3)(5)(4)(6)(1) B.(6)(3)(2)(1)(4)(5)C.(2)(6)(3)(5)(4)(1) D.(6)(5)(1)(2)(3)(4)(C)Foryears,peoplehavewonderedwhethercreativityisarare,inborngiftoraskillthatanyonecandevelop.Whilesomeindividualsappearnaturallygiftedinartisticorintellectualpursuits,recentstudieschallengethelong-heldbeliefthatcreativityisauniquegiftpossessedbyaselectfew.Instead,thesestudiessuggestthatcreativityisnotamysteriousquality,butaskillthatcanbedevelopedthroughpurposefulpractice,persistence,andtherightmindset.Takeayoungmusicianwithmoderatetalent.Studieshaveshownthatexpertmusiciansengageinapracticemethodknownas“deeppractice,”whichinvolvesbreakingcomplexpiecesintosmallerparts,repeatingchallengingsections,andidentifyingmistakeswithfocusedattention.Thismethodforcesthebraintoformnewbrainconnections,enhancingbothtechnicalabilityandoriginality.Incontrast,merelyplayingapiecerepeatedlywithoutanalyzingmistakesdoeslittletoencouragecreativity.Beyondpractice,creativitygrowsinenvironmentsthatencourageexplorationandproblem-solving.Manybreakthroughsinmusic,science,andartdonotemergefromsuddeninspirationbutratherfromsustainedeffortandexperimentation.Acomposermightspendweekstestingdifferentchord(和弦)progressionsbeforediscoveringauniquecombination.Similarly,ascientistmayconductnumerousfailedexperimentsbeforeuncoveringagroundbreakingsolution.ThomasEdison,forexample,famouslysaidthathissuccesswasbuilton“1,000waysthatwon’twork”beforeinventingthelightbulb(灯泡).Psychologistshavefoundthatindividualswhoadopta“growthmindset”—thebeliefthatabilitiescanbeimprovedthrougheffort—aremorelikelytoachievecreativesuccess.Ratherthanviewingfailureasasignofpersonallimitation,theytreatitasanopportunitytoimprovetheirskills.Thisperspectiveallowsthemtopushpastfrustrationandcontinueexperimentinguntiltheyreachabreakthrough.Incontrast,thosewitha“fixedmindset”tendtobelievethatcreativityisaninbornquality,leadingthemtogiveupmoreeasilywhenfacedwithchallenges.Whilenaturaltalentmaygiveaninitialadvantage,itisnotthedeterminingfactorinlong-termsuccess.Thebrain’sadaptabilityallowsanyonetodevelopcreativitypotentialthroughcontinuouspracticeandlearning.Inparagraph1,theauthor’smainargumentisintroducedby__________.A.presentingthelong-heldbelief B.providingexamplesofcreativeindividualsC.contrastingtwoopposingviews D.sharingpersonalexperiencesTheroleoftheexampleofThomasEdisoninparagraph3is__________.A.toillustratethatfailurecanleadtosuccessB.toshowthatperseveranceisessentialforcreativityC.toemphasizethatsuccessdependsontheinitialtalentD.toarguethatfailureisthemainsourceofcreativityAccordingtothepassage,howdoesa“growthmindset”helpcreativity?A.Ithelpspeoplepersistthroughdifficultiesandimprove.B.Itallowsindividualstobelievetheyarenaturallygifted.C.Itencouragespeopletomakefulluseofeveryopportunity.D.Itensuresthatalleffortsleadtoimmediatesuccess.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Hownaturaltalentdeterminescreativity.B.Theroleofdeeppracticeincreativesuccess.C.Theconnectionbetweenfailureandinspiration.D.Thedevelopmentofcreativityasaskill.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Buthiswritingsofferadifferentperspective.B.Verne’sinfluenceextendsfarbeyondliterature.C.Thismethodrequiredextraordinarytalentsandscientificinsights.D.Hisvisionsweregroundedinscienceandhisownthoroughresearch.E.Histalesmayreducethepopularityofsupernaturalstoriestosomeextent.F.Healsoimaginedtechnologicaladvancementslongbeforetheybecamereality.TheManWhoInventedtheFutureKnownasthefatherofsciencefiction,JulesVerne’sworkstransportedreadersonexcitingadventuresacrosstheEarthandbeyond.Inhisimaginativenovels,Vernepennedmorethanadventurestories.(47)__________InIntheYear2889,Vernedescribedaworldwithglobalmultimediacommunication.Thecharacterisabletocommunicatewithhiswifeonanothercontinent,usingthe“phonotelephote”—adevicecapableofsendingsoundandimagesoverlongdistances.InFromtheEarthtotheMoon,Verneevenenvisionedalunarvoyagedecadesbeforethefirstactualmoonlanding.Unlikefantasiesorsupernaturaltales,Verne’sworksfocusedonimaginingthefuture.(48)__________Thisapproachlaidthefoundationforthe“hardsciencefiction”ofthe20thcentury,whichemphasizedtheimportanceofscientificaccuracy.Vernewasanadvocateofscientificprogressandinnovation.(49)__________Manyofhisstoriesfeaturebrilliantyetmadscientists.Forexample,characterslikeCaptainNemoinTwentyThousandLeaguesUndertheSeausetheirinventionsfordestructivepurposes,suggestingthatitishumannature,notthetechnologyitself,thatdetermineswhetheritbecomesaforceforgoodorharm.(50)__________Heshapesthewaygenerationsthinkabouttechnologyandthehumanmind’spotential.ThatisthegreatestachievementofVerne’stimelessworks.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Crown(树冠)ShynessDoyouloveforestbathingortakingwalksintheforests?Thenonceinawhile,you’vewitnessedasomewhatappealingphenomenoninwhichthreecrownsintheforestseemtodeliberatelykeeptothemselvesandavoidtouchingeachother.Strangeasthismayseem,itis,infact,anaturalphenomenonandhasaname:crownshyness.Therearemanytheoriesbehindthisfascinatingphenomenon,butthemostconvincingonerelatestocompetitionanddefense.Togrowbetter,treesdependonvitalelementssuchassunlight,water,andsoilnutrients.Bymaintaininggapsbetweentheircrowns,theycanmaximizetheirintakeofthesenecessities,ensuringhealthygrowthandabalancedecosystem.Additionally,crownshynessactsasaprotectivebarrieragainstinsectsanddiseases.Thephysicalseparationbetweentreetopsreducesthespreadofharmfulorganismsandlowerstheriskofwidespreadinfectionthatcouldthreatenlargeareasoftheforest.Thisphenomenon,however,isnotuniformacrossalltrees.Theextentandintensityofcrownshynesscanvary,withsomegapssmallandotherseparationsobvious.Somepeoplemightthinkthisnaturalphenomenonismerelyarandomoccurrencewithnorealpurpose,butthisisnotthecase.Crownshynessallowseachtreetoaccessenoughsunlightbypreventingtheoverlapofbranches.Itensuresthatsunlightcanreachthelowerbranchesandleaves,promotingtheirgrowthandenablingefficientenergyproduction.Moreover,crownshynessaidsintheefficientdistributionofrainfall.Whenrainfallsthroughthetreetops,thegapsbetweentreecrownsactaschannels,guidingwatertotheforestfloor.Italsoplaysaroleinreducingwindresistance.Thegapsbetweentreecrownscreatepathwaysforwindtopassthroughtheforest,reducingpotentialdamagecausedbystrongwinds.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.骆驼会本能地适应干旱的沙漠环境。(instinct)这件丝绸睡衣摸起来无比柔软，值得回购。(feel)倘若人工智能完全取代人类劳动，那岂不是每个人都面临失业的风险？(risk)这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你的学校决定开设时长为30分钟的体育大课间。现向同学们征集课间活动方案。你对此有一些想法，便写信给学生会。信件内容包括：1.具体的活动安排；2.设计这些活动的理由。