轮机英语74课件

MarineEngineeringEnglish《轮机英语》APracticalCourseforEngineersWorkingonBoardShips

MarineElectricalSystemandAutomatizationLesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipment第28课电器设备的维修保养LearningObjectives:1.Graspsomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinthewholetext.2.Afterstudyingthelesson,heorshewillhaveabetterunderstandingofMaintenanceofElectricalEquipment.3

4part1

NewWordsandExpressions5part2

TextAnalysisLesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWithalltypesofelectricalequipmentcleanlinessisessentialforgoodoperation.#保持各种电气设备的清洁对其正常运转是很必要的。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentElectricalconnectionsmustbesoundandanysignsofsparkingshouldbeinvestigated.#电气设备的连接必须检查而任何火花的痕迹都应该研究一下。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentPartssubjecttowearmustbeexaminedandreplacedwhennecessary.#任何部件被磨损的地方都应该检查，如果需要的话甚至是更换。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThedangerfromACequipmentintermsofelectricshocksisfargreaterthanforsimilarDCvoltages.#就电击方面，交流设备的危险要远大于同样电压的直流电。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentAlsoACequipmentoftenoperatesatvery

highvoltages.#交流设备一般也工作于高电压。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentCaremustthereforebetakentoensureisolationofequipmentbeforeanyinspectionormaintenanceisundertaken.#因此，在着手进行维护保养前，要小心确认设备隔离。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTheaccumulationofdirtonelectricalequipmentwillresultininsulationbreakdownandleakagecurrents,possiblyevenanearthFault.#电气设备上的污垢聚积会导致绝缘破坏和漏电流，甚至可能是接地。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentMoistureoroildepositswilllikewiseaffectinsulationresistance.#潮气和油的沉淀物同样能影响绝缘阻值。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentRegularinsulationresistancemeasurementandthecompilingofrecordswillindicatetheequipmentrequiringattention.#定期的测量绝缘和整理记录能表明设备需要注意（的地方）。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentVentilationpassagesorductsmaybecomeblocked,withresultantlackofcoolingandoverheating.#通风管路和排泄管路可能堵塞，结果缺乏冷却并过热。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOildepositsfromadirectcoupleddieselenginedrivinganopengenerator(usuallyDC)candamagewindingsandshouldthereforeberemovediffound.#驱动开式发电机（通常为直流）的直接连接的柴油机来的油的沉积物可能会损坏绕组，因此，如果发现，应将其清除。。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTotallyenclosedmachinesshouldbeperiodicallyopenedforinspectionandcleaningsincecarbondustwillremaininsidethemachineanddepositonthesurfaces.#应定期打开全封闭机器进行检查和清洁，因为碳尘会留在机器内部并沉积在表面上。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentBrushgearshouldbeinspectedtoensureadequatebrushpressureandthespringsadjustedifnecessary.#碳刷机构应检查以保证有足够的压力，如有必要调整弹簧的弹力。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentNewbrushesshouldbe“beddedin”

tothecommutatororslippingshapewithfineglasspaper.#新电刷应“嵌入”换向器，或用细玻璃纸打磨。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentSparkingatthecommutatorwillindicatepoorcommutation.#换向器火花表明换向不好。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThismayrequirepolishingofaroughenedcommutatorsurface.#这可能要求粗糙的换向器表面抛光。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThemicainsulationbetweencommutatorsegmentsmayrequireundercuttingifitprotrudes,orsimplycleaningifdepositshavebuiltup.#如果换向块之间的云母片凸出来了，可能需要下刻，或者如有沉积物堆积，简单清洁一下。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentControlequipment,suchasstarters,willrequireattentiontocontactswhichmaybewornorpittedasaresultofarcing.#控制设备，例如启动器，需要注意其触点，由于电弧可能被磨损或有麻点了。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentContactorsusuallyhaveamovingorwipingactionastheycometogether.#接触器（触点）在一起时，通常有移动或擦拭动作。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThishelpscleanthesurfacestoprovidegoodelectricalcontact,andalsothearcproducedduringclosingandopeningisnotatthefinallyclosedposition.#这样有助于清洁表面，提供良好的电接触，也能使断开或闭合时产生的电弧不落在闭合位置。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThecontactorcontactsurfacesoffrequentlyusedequipmentshouldthereforebesubjecttoregularinspections.#频繁使用的接触器触头，因此应该定期检查。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWhenapparatusisdismantledformaintenanceitshouldbekeptcleananddry.Porcelaininsulationshouldbeexaminedfor“cracking”.#拆卸设备进行维护时，应保持清洁干燥。瓷绝缘子应被检查是否有“裂纹”。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentIfthematerialisofthebondedlaminatedtype,examineforsplitsalongthelaminate.#如果材料为粘结层压板类型，则检查沿层压板是否有分离(状况)。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOverheatingmaybecausedbylooseconnections,poorcontactpressure,orpooralignmentofcontacts.#过热可能是由连接松动、接触压力差或触点对齐不良引起的。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOnaircircuitbreakerstheconditionandalignmentofthecontactscanbecheckedbyremovingthearcchutestoexposethecontactassembly.#在空气断路器上，可通过拆除电弧滑槽以露出触点组件来检查触点的状况和对齐情况。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentThisinspectionshouldbemadeannuallyandthemechanismshouldbelubricatedatthesametime.#该检查应每年进行一次，同时对机构进行润滑。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentCoppercontactsmaybedressedbyusingafinefileorfineglasspaper.Silverorsilverplatedcontactsseldomrequireattention.#铜触点可使用细锉刀或细玻璃纸进行修整。银或镀银触点很少需要注意。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentTheirblackappearanceisduetooxidationbuttheoxideisgoodconductor.Ifcleaningisrequiredmetalpolishmaybeused.#它们的黑色外观是由于氧化，但氧化物是好的导体。如果需要清洁，可使用金属抛光。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentAslightsmearofpetroleumjelly,particularlyoncontacts,whicharefrequentlyoperated,helpsnotonlytopreservegoodcontactbutalsoreducesmechanicalabrasion.#轻微涂抹凡士林，尤其是在频繁操作的触点上，不仅有助于保持良好的接触，还可减少机械磨损。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentExcessiveapplicationmustbeavoidedasthismaycauseburningandpittingofcontacts.#必须避免过度应用，因为这可能会导致触点烧损和点蚀。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentOillevelindashpotshouldbechecked.Particularcareshouldbe

taken,whentoppingup,tousethecorrectgradeofoilasproperfunctionoftheswitchgearsentirelydependentonthis.#应检查缓冲器中的油位。应特别注意，补足时，使用正确等级的油，因为开关设备的正常功能完全取决于此。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentWhenevertheopportunityoccursdirect-actingovercurrenttripsandrelaysshouldbetestedbycurrentinjection.#无论何时，机会出现时，直接动作的过电流脱扣器和继电器应通过电流注入测试。Lesson28MaintenanceofElectricalEquipmentInjectingtestingisperformedtoverifynotonlyoperationbutalsothetimecurrentcharacteristics.Thisshouldbecomparedwiththemanufacturer'soperationcurves.#执行注入测试不仅验证操作，而且验证时间-电流特性。这应与制造商的运行曲线进行比较。part3

Exercise&ExaminationWhichofthefollowingrepresentstheacceptedmethodofcleaningdustandforeignparticlesfromelectricalequipmentwhilelimitingdamagetoelectriccomponents?A.Carefullywipingoffthecomponentswithasoftcottonrag.B.Blowingahighvelocitystreamofcompressedairrapidlyacrossthecomponents.C.Usingavacuumcleanertoremovedebrisfromthecomponents.D.Usingcarbontetrachlorideasacleaningsolventtocleanthecomponents.Cleaningofelectricalinsulationshouldbe_____.A.doneeverysixmonthsB.accomplishedevery12monthsC.determinedbyneedandnotthecalendarD.performedwhenevertheelectricianisnototherwisebusyDuringmaintenanceofcircuitbreakers,_____.A.alwayssmoothroughenedcontactsurfaceswithafileB.neverpassmorethanratedbreakercurrentthrou