高一英语学案：语法剖析活用Theworldofoursenses

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精语法·剖析·活用名词性从句英语中有些句子在整个句子中相当于一个名词,这种句子叫做名词性从句。1。主语从句1)作主语的从句叫主语从句。通常由从属连词that,whether和连接代词what,who,which，whatever,whoever及连接副词how，when,where,why等词引导.that在句中无词义,只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，起连接作用,又在句中充当句子成分。如：Thatthefootballmatchwillbeputoffiscertainnow.Whenandwhereweshallholdthesportsmeetingwillbediscussedattoday’smeeting.2)主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形,但主语从句的主语只限定从句中的谓语动词,与主句的谓语动词无关。3)有时为了避免头重脚轻,常用形主语it代替主语从句,而把主语从句置于句末（参见Unit2）.2。宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.引导从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样；宾语从句在句中可以作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语。1）由that引导的宾语从句在口语和非正文体中常常省略.如：Ibelieve(that）theChineseWomen’sFootballTeamwillwinintheWorldCupthisyear.但在下列情况下,一般不能省略.①that从句被词组、短语等与谓语动词分隔开时。如:Theytoldusonceagainthatthiswouldneverhappen。②that从句表示强调置于句首时。如：ThatheneverdidsuchathingIsimplycan’tbelieve。2)用who,why,when,which，what,how，where等引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,但应注意句子语序要用陈述语序.如：Iwonderwhenhewillcometoschool.3）用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒.如:Idon’tknowif/whetherhehaseverbeentoParis。4)有时常用it代替宾语从句，把宾语从句置于句末。如：ShehasmadeitclearthatAlicehasn’ttakenanymedicine。5）在wh—疑问句中,当wh—成分作介词宾语时,介词可置于句末也可置于句首。如：Hecouldn’tremember第一种为正用法，第二种为非正用法。wh-型疑问词除why以外，都可接不定作宾语。6）在believe,expect，consider,fancy,suppose和think等动词引导的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意思，却不用否定形,而把上述动词变为否定。如：Idon’tthinkthebookisworthreading.3.表语从句在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连词与引导主语从句和宾语从句的连词大体相同；表语从句位于系动词之后,有时也用as,asif/though引导.如：TheproblemiswhocangettheretotaketheplaceofBen。Itlooksasifitweregoingtorain。4。同位语从句同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明名词的具体内容.1）同位语从句一般置于下列名词后：belief，doubt,fact，hope,idea，message,news,promise，suggestion,report，thought等。如:Thefactthathissuggestionmakessenseshouldberecognized.2)由连接词that引导的同位语从句，在句子结构上与由关系代词that引导的定语从句有相似之处,但有区别。如：DidyouhearthenewsthattheChineseWomen’sVolleyballTeamwonthegoldenmedalinAthens？NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday。第一句中的that指news内容本身，that在从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用;第二句中,that从句说明是怎样的news，在定语从句中充当tell的宾语。that和if/whether引导的名词性从句1。that引导的名词性从句1）当从句是一个陈述句时，用that引导。如：Louishopesthathewillsucceedinthecomingexam。（Hewillsucceedinthecomingexam.是一个句意完整的句子。)2)大多数情况下,that不能用于介词之后引导名词性从句，但在in和except之后例外.如：Iknowlittleabouthimexceptthathelivesdownstairs.Theproblemliesinthatthereisnoonecapableenoughtotakehisplace。3）当that引导的名词性从句是主语从句时，that不能省略.如：ThatMr。Wangisseriouslyillistrue。4）在口语和非正文体中，引导宾语从句和表语从句的that可以省略。如：Iregret（that）Ididnotgototheconcertwithyouyesterday.2.if/whether引导的名词性从句1)当从句是一般疑问句时,可用if或whether引导名词性从句.如：Idon’tknowif/whetherJohnhasfinisheddoinghishomework.2)在下列情况下,一般只能用whether,不用if。①在“whetherornot”结构中，如：Johnrefusedtotellmewhetherornothehasfinishedhishomework.②在介词后面时,如:It'saquestionofwhetheryouarefitforthework。③引导主语从句、表语从句或同位语从句时,如：Thequestionwhetherweshouldhavethemeetingmustbedecidedrightnow.3.如果that或if/whether引导的是由and或or连接的两个并列的名词性从句，and或or后的从句也要加上that或if/whether.【活学活用】43。单项填空1)—Doyouremember_________hewent?—Yes，Ido。Hewentonarainynight。A。why B。whereC.when D。how2)AlthoughEllenwaslistening，shedidn’thear_________becausetherewastoomuchnoise.A.thatthelecturersaid B。whatdidthelecturersayC.whatthelecturersaid D。whatthelecturerwasgoingtosay3)It'sgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_________heorshewants。A。whatever B.however C。whenever D。wherever4）Thedealertoldme_________hewaspreparedtopayformycarandIcouldhavethemoneywithoutdelay。A。howmuch；/ B。when；ifC。howmuch；that D。that;whether5)Myproblemrightnowis_________Ishouldhavesomeoneelsetotaketheplaceofme。A.if B.whetherC。why D./6）Canyoumakesure_________thekeytothecar?A。whereIhadput B.wherehaveIputC.wherehadI D。whereIhaveput7)—Ithinkit’sgoingtobeabigproblem.-Yes,itcouldbe.-Iwonder_________wecandoaboutit.A.if B.how C.what D.that8)We’vedecidedtopayavisittoCanada,but_________we’retodosohasn'tbeenmadeclearyet.A.if B.how C。when D.why9）Phoebe’sbrotherhadatlastbecomealawyer，_________hewantedtobe.A.what B.who C。which D。as10)Idon’tdoubt_________Laurawillbeabletogetalongwellwithherclassmates。A。if B.whetherC。that D.how1）解析：根据句子语境应选when，表示在什么时候,如没有下文，四个选项都能成立.答案:C2）解析：宾语从句应用陈述语序，what在从句中充当宾语。答案:C3)解析：whatever在动词不定短语中作宾语，意为“任何……东西(anythingthat)”。答案：A4)解析:当that引导的宾语从句被短语或句子与主句分隔时，t