高一英语学案：语法剖析活用Advertising

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精语法·剖析·活用直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语的定义直接引语：直接引述别人的原话,一般前后要加引号.间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话,不用加引号。通常是变为宾语从句或动词不定式。例如：“Ilikesinging，”shesaid。（直接引语)“我喜欢唱歌，”她说。Shesaidshelikedsinging.(间接引语）她说她喜欢唱歌.“Don’ttouchanything，"hesaid.（直接引语）他说：“别碰任何东西。"Hetoldusnottotouchanything.（间接引语）他告诉我们别碰任何东西。直接引语变成间接引语时时态的变化若主句的谓语是过去时态，直接引语改为间接引语时,要调整时态：现在时→过去时直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时现在完成进行时过去完成进行时将来时→过去将来时一般将来时过去将来时将来进行时过去将来进行时将来完成时过去将来完成时一般过去时→过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时如:①Kittysaid，“Ineedsomefreshair.”基蒂说：“我需要新鲜空气。"Kittysaidsheneededsomefreshair。基蒂说她需要新鲜空气。②Kathysaid，“I’llpickyouupatnine。”凯西说:“我九点钟来接你。”Kathysaidshewouldpickmeupatnine。凯西说她九点钟来接我。③Thescientistsaid，“Ispent10yearsworkingattheresearch。”这个科学家说：“我花了10年的时间致力于这项研究。”Thescientistsaidhehadspent10yearsworkingattheresearch.这个科学家说他花了10年的时间致力于这项研究.下列情况中直接引语变间接引语时时态不变：①主句谓语动词为现在时，间接引语中的动词可保持原来时态.如:Hesays,“Ihadagoodtimelastnight。”他说:“我昨晚过得很愉快.”Hesayshehadagoodtimethenightbefore.他说他昨晚过得很愉快。②直接引语表达的是习惯性动作、客观事实或科学真理时，变为间接引语时态不变.如:“Themoonmovesaroundtheearth,”theastronomersaid。天文学家说:“月亮绕着地球转."→Theastronomersaidthemoonmovesaroundtheearth。天文学家说月亮绕着地球转。直接引语变为间接引语时人称的变化人称要根据句子的意义作相应的变化。如：“Whichonewillyoutake?”theshopassistantaskedme.商店售货员问道：“你买哪一个?”TheshopassistantaskedmewhichoneIwouldtake。商店售货员问我买哪一个.直接引语变为间接引语时指示代词、时间或地点状语以及个别动词的变化如下表。直接引语间接引语thisthatthesethosenowthentoday，tonightthatday,thatnightyesterdaythedaybeforetomorrowthenext（following）daynextmonththemonthafter/thefollowingmonthaweekagoaweekbeforelastyeartheyearbefore/thepreviousyearheretherecomegobringtake如:MaysaidtoJennifer，“Iwillbringsomephotosheretoyoutomorrow。”梅对詹妮弗说:“我明天带些照片来给你。”→MaytoldJennifershewouldtakesomephotostheretoherthenextday.梅对詹妮弗说她第二天会带些照片去给她。▲如果句意并无改变就不必改变上表所述单词。例如在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go，如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。如:Mrs。Winstonsaid，“Iwillcomeheretomorrowafternoon。”温斯顿太太说：“我今天下午会再打电话过来。”→Mrs。Winstonsaidshewouldcomehereagaintomorrowafternoon.温斯顿太太说她今天下午会再打电话过来。(今天还在同样的地方转述这句话）【活学活用】45。单项填空1）Heasked__________forthecomputer。A。didIpayhowmuchB.IpaidhowmuchC.howmuchdidIpayD。howmuchIpaid2）“Haveyouseenthefilm?"heaskedme。→Heaskedme__________。A.hadIseenthefilmB。haveIseenthefilmC.ifIhaveseenthefilmD.whetherIhadseenthefilm3)“Pleaseclosethewindow，"hesaidtome.→He_________me________thewindow.A。saidto；tocloseB。toldto;closingC。asked;tocloseD。saidto；pleaseclose4）“Iamateacher,”Jacksaid。→Hesaid__________.A.thatIamateacherB。IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD。hewasateacher5)Hesaid,“Mother,theboyisverynaughty。”→He_________verynaughty。A。saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC。toldhismotherthattheboywasD。spoketohismotherthattheboywas6）“You'vealreadygotwell，haven’tyou?”sheasked。→Sheasked_________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell，hadn'tyouB。whetherIhadalreadygotwellC。haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell7）Heasked,“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember？”→Heaskedme_________.A。amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB。wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember8）Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_________。A.howamIgettingalongB。howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD。howwasIgettingalong9）Heaskedme_________withme.A。whatthematterisB。whatthematerwasC.what’sthematterD。whatwasthem