高一英语学案：语法解读Theworldofoursenses

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精语法解读名词性从句一、概念英语中的复合句分三种:状语从句(副词性从句，在主从句中起副词的作用,表时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等），定语从句（形容词性从句,在从句中作定语，起形容词的作用，用来修饰先行词）和名词性从句。顾名思义，名词性从句是用一个完整的句子在主从复合句中充当某个句子成分，起一个名词的作用。二、名词性从句的连词就像状语从句有从属连词when，while,as，since,until,if，unless，though,asif,sothat,such..。that等定语从句有关系代词that,which,who,whom，whose,as，关系副词where，when,why一样，名词性从句也有自己的连词。名词性从句的连词有三类：1.从属连词：that，whether,if2。连接代词：what，which,who,whom，whose3.连接副词：when,where,why,how三、名词性从句的类型从上面的概念可知，名词性从句起的是名词性作用，所以这也就大致决定了名词性从句的类型。名词性从句分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。请看下面的例句：1.Whenwe’llholdthesportsmeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet。（主语从句)2。ThefactthatGreatBritainismadeupofthreecountriesisstillunknowntomanypeople。（同位语从句）3。Hewonderifhecouldusemybike。（宾语从句）4.Iamthinkingaboutwhowillbegiventhejob。（宾语从句——介词的宾语）5。Thathehaswonthefirstprizeistrue.（主语从句）6.Myparents'wishisthatIcangotoakeyuniversity。（表语从句）7.Theyarediscussingtheproblemwhethertheyshouldban（禁止)fishinginthelake.（同位语从句）8.TheproblemishowIcangetintouchwiththem。（表语从句)9。Itisnotclearwhethershewillattendhiswedding。（主语从句）10.Ihavenoideawhenhewouldreturn。（同位语从句）四、从属连词that,if,whether的用法1.that的用法(that引导名词性从句时在从句中不作任何成分，也没有具体的意义。其他连接词在引导从句时都作相应的成分并有具体的意思。）①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall。Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday。②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略;当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省；当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：Hejudgedthatbecausehewasachild，hedidnotunderstandwhathehadsaid。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried。Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo。③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。（A）Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat。。.（B）Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat。。。(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat.。。(D）Itseems/happensthat.。。例如：IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight。ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.注意:that引导的是同位语从句还是定语从句。1）定语从句中关系词代替先行词在从句中作成分，而在同位语从句中连接词不作成分。2)定语从句是对前面的名词进行修饰，同位语从句是对前面的名词进行解释说明.3）同位语从句前面的名词是意义相对完整的抽象名词，如：news,message，information,wish，hope，fact,truth，reason,chance,suggestion,advice,possibility，etc.4）定语从句的that作宾语时可以省略，而同位语从句的that不能省略。比较:2。whether和if的用法①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换，但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。例如：Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。例如:Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.③主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中只能用whether。例如：Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney。Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecandoitornot.④whether常与or连用表示一种选择，if不能这样用；whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。例如：Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.⑤whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”“无论”,而if不能。if表示“如果”时，不能用whether。例如：Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.IfIhaveenoughtime,Iwillplayfootball。3。that和whether/if用法上的区别that在引导名词性从句时，既不充当句子成分，也没有实际意义；whether/if引导名词性从句时,不作句子成分，但是有实际意义,表“是否”。所以that和whether/if的本质区别是:当名词性从句没有疑问时用that，有疑问时用whether/if.比较：Iknowthathewillcome.（没有疑问，用that）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhewillcome。(有疑问,即不知道来不来,用whether）Thathewillcomeiscleartoeveryonenow。（clear表示没有疑问，用that）Whetherhewillcomeisnotcleartoeveryone。（notclear,有疑问，用whether)跟踪练习Ⅰ。.用that,whether/if填空1。______the29thOlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingin2008isknowntoall。2.Itisnotveryclearnow______hewillarriveintimefortheconference.3.______ornotthefilmTheSupermanreturnswillbepopularremainstobeaquestion.4.Youmustmakesure______everythingisreadybeforethesportsmeeting.5。Letmetellyou______Chinesecitizenswerekilledintheaccidentornot.6。Iamthinkingof______youareright.答案:1.That2。whether/if3。Whether4.that5.whether/if6。whetherⅡ.单项选择1。Everythingdependson______wehaveenoughexperience。A。ifB。whetherC.thatD。when2。Thefactory______wevisitedlastweekisnotfarfromhere.A。that B.where C.when D.onwhich3。______isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.It B.As C。That D.What4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth，______ourastronautsdesiretodoistowalkinspace。A。where B.what C。that D。how5。Itwasn'tsuchagooddinner______shehadpromisedus.A。that B.which C.as D。what6.Itiscertain______shewilldowellinherfinalexamination.A。whether B。if C.that D./7.Pleaseletmeknow______youwanttogoornot。A.that B。if C。whether D。/8。Hehasmadeitclear______hewillnotgivein。A.whether B.if C。that D。/9。Thereisdoubt