高一英语学案：语法解读Advertising

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精三、语法解读关于直接引语与间接引语1。基本概念引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”.直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出，叫做直接引语。用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句,其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时,句子的结构、人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化。2.直接引语改为间接引语(1）直接引语为陈述句改为间接引语的例子：Petersaid，“I’moccupiedtoday。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday。彼得说那天他没空。（用that引导从句.)（2)直接引语为一般疑问句改为间接引语的例子：Peterasked，“AmIlateforclass？”→Peteraskedifhewaslateforclass。彼得问他是否迟到了。(用if或whether引导从句。）(3）直接引语为特殊疑问句改为间接引语的例子：Peterasked，“WhatcanIdoforyou，Mary？”→PeteraskedMarywhathecoulddoforher。彼得问玛丽他能帮什么忙。(4)直接引语为祈使句改为间接引语的例子：Petersaid，“Dressyourselfassoonaspossible,Tom。”→PeterorderedTomtodresshimselfassoonaspossible。彼得要汤姆快点把衣服穿好。以上四种形式较为常用。但是在直接引语变换成间接引语时还有其他词语的相应变化。①根据句子要求对人称作相应改变,如上例（1)：Petersaid，“I'moccupiedtoday。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday.上例（2）（3)也有同类的变化。②间接引语中的谓语同主句的谓语在时态上要保持一致,如上例(3):Peterasked,“WhatcanIdoforyou,Mary?"→PeteraskedMarywhathecoulddoforher.③还有代词、时间概念、空间概念的相应变换如下：this→thatthese→thosenow→thentoday→thatdayyesterday→thedaybeforetomorrow→thenext/followingdaythisweek/month→thatweek/monthnextweek/month→thenext/followingweek/monthtwodaysago→twodaysbeforehere→there④间接引语谓语动词的时态也有相应的变换，例如：一般现在时→一般过去时Petersaid，“I’moccupiedtoday.”彼得说，“今天我没空。”→Petersaidthathewasoccupiedthatday.彼得说那天他没空。现在完成时→过去完成时Isaid，“You’veangeredtheteacher.”我说，“你让老师发火了。”→Itoldhimthathehadangeredtheteacher。我告诉他，他让老师发火了。一般过去时→过去完成时Shesaid,“Ididn’trecognizeyou。”她说，“我不认得你。”→Sheexplained(tome)thatshehadn’trecognizedme。她（对我）解释说她认不出是我.现在进行时→过去进行时Heasked，“Isitraining？"他问,“在下雨吗？"→Heaskedifitwasraining.他问是否在下雨。情态动词must→must或hadtoHesaid,“Imustgo。”他说，“我得走了。”→Hesaidhemustgo./Hesaidhehadtogo。他说他得走了。should→wouldHesaid，“Ishouldbedelightedtocome。"他说，“我很高兴能来。”→Hesaidhewouldbedelightedtocome.他说他很高兴来。如果遇到间接引语是普遍真理，可不受时态变化限制,例如：Thegeographyteachersaid，“Theearthgoesaroundthesun。”地理老师说，“地球绕着太阳转。”→Thegeographyteachersaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.地理老师指出地球绕着太阳转。3。特别提示(1)间接引语中的连词that是可以省略的.（2)直接引语中的动词sayto改为tell。单项选择(1)Heasked_________forthecomputer。A。didIpayhowmuchB。IpaidhowmuchC。howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid解析：宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。答案：D(2)“Haveyouseenthefilm?”heaskedme.→Heaskedme_________.A.hadIseenthefilmB.haveIseenthefilmC。ifIhaveseenthefilmD。whetherIhadseenthefilm解析:askedme后接的宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。答案：D（3）“Pleaseclosethewindow，”hesaidtome。→He_________me________thewindow。A。saidto；tocloseB。toldto;closingC。asked;tocloseD。saidto；pleaseclose解析：asksb.todosth.“要求某人做某事”。答案：C(4)“Iamateacher，”Jacksaid。→Jacksaid__________。A.thatIamateacherB。IwasateacherC.thatheisateacherD.hewasateacher解析:said后接that引导的宾语从句。答案：D（5）Hesaid,“Mother，theboyisverynaughty。”→He________verynaughty.A.saidhismotherthattheboywasB.saidtohismotherthattheboyisC.toldhismotherthattheboywasD。spoketohismotherthattheboywas解析：saidtohismother后接that引导的宾语从句。答案:C（6）“You’vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou？”sheasked.→Sheasked__________.A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn’tyouB。whetherIhadalreadygotwellC。haveIalreadygotwellD.hadIalreadygotwell。解析：宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。答案:B（7)Heasked，“AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?”→Heaskedme_________。A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberB。wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguememberC.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguememberD.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember。解析：宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。答案：C(8)Heasked,“Howareyougettingalong?”→Heasked_________。A。howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalongC.howIwasgettingalongD。howwasIgettingalong解析:宾语从句的语序应该为陈述语序。答案:C(9）Hesaid，“Don’tdothatagain.”→He________me________thatagain。Asaidto；nottodoB。saidto;don’tdoC.told;don’tdoD.told;nottodo解析：tellsb.nottodosth.告诉某人不要做某事。答案：D课文浓缩下面的文章为原文的浓缩,仔细阅读，根据原文章内容将其补充完整，并尽量背诵。Adsareplayinganimportantpartinourlives。Therearesomanyaroundusthatweevenalready1them.Oneofthegoalsofadsisto2peopletobuyproductsorserviceorbelieveinanidea，using3languagesandexcitingimages.Sointhisway，someoftheadscontentsmaybe4。Buttherearelawsto5usfromadstolie。Somecleveronesevenusewordsoftricksforusto6them.Butanotherkindofadsmaybenotthesame.Theyaimtoserveus，to7usortohelpusle