2025年高考英语二轮复习热点题型专项训练：阅读理解说明文（含答案）

01题型综述

♦题型简介

说明文是高考英语阅读理解中的一个重要体裁，其目的是解释和阐述事物，通常采用比较、解释说明、

引用、下定义、举例子、列数字等方法。说明文结构清晰，语言客观简洁，旨在介绍目标对象，呈现事

实和观点，作者立场不明显。说明文的常见语篇模式包括“问题一（分析）一解决措施一（解释）一（呼

吁、评价或拓展）”、“引出主题一解释主题一拓展主题”、“新研究发现一解释新研究一（进一步实验论

证）一研究结论及其评价、研究启示、未来研究方向”等。

♦命题类型

•细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、事件等。

•推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力，包括推测隐含意思、文章出处、

作者态度等。

•主旨大意题：考查学生对文章主题或中心意思的概括和归纳能力，包括段落大意、文章大意和标题

概括。

•词义猜测题：考查学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义，包括代词指代、生僻词以及短语短句的

含义。

♦解题思路

•快速把握文章结构：说明文通常开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点直接

陈述出来。因此，通过文章第一段可以迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。

•关注段落首尾句：说明文的每个段落通常有主旨句、支撑细节和总结句。关注每一段的段首句和段

尾句，可以帮助考生在有限的时间内把握段落的主旨大意。

•理解语篇模式：了解说明文的常见语篇模式，有助于考生从宏观层面理解语篇的框架和脉络，通过

“寻读”迅速定位问题所在位置，提高阅读理解的速度。

•同义转换能力：近几年高考对细节理解题的考查难度有所增加，除了考查原文中直接出现的信息外，

还考查学生对原文信息进行同义转换的能力。

•推理和判断：在解答推理判断题时，考生需要根据文章内容推测隐含意思，推断作者的态度和意图，

以及对文章后续内容进行预测。

02解题攻略

题型01细节理解题

瞿州籍

说明文中考查的细节理解题大致与记叙文相似。命题区域都有其共同点：⑴在列举处命题，如用first(ly),

second(ly),third(ly),finally,notonly,butalso,then,inaddition等表示顺承关系的词语列举出事实。试题要求考

生从列举出的内容中选出符合题干要求的答案项。⑵在例证处命题，句中常用由as,suchas,forexample,

forinstance等引导的短语或句子作为例证，这些例句或比喻就成为命题者设问的焦点。⑶在转折对比处命

题，一般通过however,but,yet,infact等词语来引导。对比用unlike,until,notsomuch...as等词语引导,命

题者常对用来对比的双方属性进行考查。⑷在比较处命题，无端的比较、相反的比较、偷换对象的比较，

经常出现在干扰项中，考生要标记并且关注到原文中的比较，才能顺利地排除干扰。⑸在复杂句中命题，

包括同位词、插入语、定语、从句、不定式等，命题者主要考查考生对句子之间的指代关系和语法关系。

O国困

做这类题目时，一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不

可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。

典例剖析

Studentsandteachers,aswellassomeparents,sitontwowoodenbenchesrunningthelengthofthehallway

oftheirschool.TheytaketurnsreadingfromtheOhen:tonKarihwatehkwen,whichtranslatesfromtheMohawk

languageto“Wordsbeforeallelse.^^Thesewords,whichexpressappreciationforalllifeforms,marktheday'sstart

attheAkwesasneFreedomSchool.

Butthe60-oddstudentsherewouldn'tunderstandtheselessonsifitweren'tforthislittleschoolhouseatthe

UnitedStates-Canadaborder."Thismakesuswhoweare,andifwedon'thavethis,whoarewegoingtobe?”asks

teacherKawehnokwiiosthe,whosenameinEnglishmeans“Shemakestheislandbeautiful.^^

Kawehnokwiiostheturnstoheryoungpupilsandstatesthattheyarewise,orage5,Mohawkisthemedium

ofeducationforstudentsineveryclassfromkindergartento8thgrade.WhenachildasksaquestioninEnglish,

KawehnokwiiostherespondsinMohawk.

MostparentspayfortheirchildrenwithahandmadequiltsoldinAugust.Theschoolisrunasacooperative,

whereparentsdothecleaningalongwiththestudentsandthemaintenancework.StudentscomefromAmerican

andCanadiansidesoftheborder,buttheschoolhasneveracceptedfundsfromeithergovernment,saysAlvera

Sargent,whoheadsthenonprofitFriendsoftheAkwesasneFreedomSchoolandisoneofthelastfirst-language

speakersofMohawk.

Thatmakesherindispensable,saysWayionCook,formerteacherandnowprojectmanageroftheschool's

nonprofitarm."Wetreasureourfirst-languagespeakers,99hesays."Wetreasurethembecausetheyaresoimportant

forustocontinueonourlanguage.”

9.WhatistheOhen:tonKarihwatehkwenabout?

A.Awayofgreeting.B.Awaytostartandendaday.

C.Deeprespectforthenaturalworld.D.Old-fashionedbusinesspractices.

10.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheschool?

A.ItisheadedbyWayionCookcurrently.

B.Itisself-governedbythelocalcommunity.

C.Itacceptskidsfromkindergartentohighschool.

D.ItemploysbothEnglishandMohawkforteaching.

题型02语意猜测题

提名秘籍

说明文为了把自然规律，事物的性质等介绍清楚或把事理阐述明白，因此学术性强的生词较多，所以

常进行生词词义判断题的考查。命题方式多以theunderlinedpart...inparagraph...refersto...或whatdoesthe

underlinedwordmean?或whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedword?为设问方式。说明文在阐述说明对象时易

发生动作变换、人称转变的现象，这类题目常以it,they,them等代词为命题点，因此考生要根据上下文语

境，认真阅读原文，分析动作转换背景，弄清动作不同执行者，以便准确判断代词的其实际指代对象。

回国陶身

解这类题型时，考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为

突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章

中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。

典例剖析

ThepopularityofDurianPersonalitiesisalsodrivenbythelongingfordepthandgenuineemotionin

modernsociety.Psychologicalresearchshowsthatwithincreasingrelianceonsocialnetworksandinstant

messagingtools,shallowrelationshipshavemademanylosepatienceandabilityfordeepcommunication.

However,DurianPersonalitiesofferacure:Its“unapproachability“becomesafilteringmechanism,avoiding

frivoloussocialinteractionsandencouragingdeeperengagementinvaluableinterpersonalconnections.

15.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"frivolous“inparagraph3probablymean?

A.Regular.B.Unnecessary.C.Nonprofitable.D.Time-consuming.

典例剖析

DrKatyTamattheUniversityofTorontoScarboroughsaidboredomwascloselylinkedtoattention."We

feelboredwhenthere9sagapbetweenhowengagedweareandhowengagedwewanttobe,^^shesaid."When

peoplekeepswitchingthroughvideos,theybecomelessengagedwiththevideosandtheyarelookingfor

somethingmoreinteresting.Thiscanleadtoincreasedfeelingsofboredom.^^

Theresultsappeartochimewithotherstudies:astheteamnotes,previousresearchhassuggestedthatwhile

boredomreliefisadriverforpeopletousesocialmediaorsmartphones,theuseofsuchtechnologyappearsto

makethefeelingworse.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“chimewith“meaninParagraph3?

A.agreewithB.comparewithC.contrastwithD.disagreewith

典例剖析

Yourownexperienceofrevisingforexamsmighttellyouthatsessionsofuninterruptedconcentrationcan

helpyoutobetterrememberkeypiecesofinformation.Indeed,manystudentswillengageinintensiverevisionjust

beforeatest-inthebeliefthatessentialsubjectfactsandfigureswillbememorizedreadyforexamday.

However,thiscommonlyheldwisdomhasbeencontradictedbyanobservationmadeinapsychological

study.NowknownastheZeigarnikeffect,itwasfoundthatinterruptionduringataskthatrequiresfocuscaninfact

improveaperson'sabilitytorememberitafterwards.

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thiscommonlyheldwisdom“inparagraph2referto?

A.Rememberingessentialsubjectfactsguaranteessuccessinexams.

B.Interruptiononmemoryprocessinggeneratesunexpectedresults.

C.Uninterruptedconcentrationcontributestoeffectiverevision.

D.Revisionwithfullconcentrationboostslong-termmemory.

题型03判断推理题

提分秘籍

推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题，是阅读理

解中层次较高的题目，因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻

辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。

推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，

很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：

细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。

这类题目常见的设问方式有：

1.Whatwastheauthor'sattitudetowards...?

2.Thepassageisintendedto...

3.Theauthorsuggeststhat...

4.Thestoryimpliesthat...

5.Whichpointofviewmaytheauthoragreeto?

6.Fromthepassagewecanconcludethat...

7.Thepurposeofthepassageisto...。

国国图困

解决这类题型时，应该根据不同的推理判断方法解题。学生要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握

文章的真正内涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确

定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，切忌过度推测或无理由推测，要结合语境和常识推论出未

知部分，把握作者的言外之意。

典例剖析

ResearchersfromSunYat-senUniversitysharedtheirfindingsinInternationalEnvironmentthat

microplastics（微塑料）canmakehairlossworsebyhurtingtheskin'sprotectivebarriersthroughaprocesscalled

oxidativestress（氧化应激）.

Microplasticsareverysmallpiecesofplastic,smallerthan5millimeters.Theycomefrombiggerplastic

itemsbreakingdown,likeshoppingbags,take-outcontainers,anddrinkbottles.Thesetinybitscangetintowater,

soilandairandtheycanmoveupthefoodchainanddepositinourbody.

Theresultofthefirststudyshowswhenmicroplasticsaretestedinlivinganimals,theycancreateoxidative

stressandstopcertainproteinsfromworkingproperly.Thiscanhurttheskinandthepartsofthehairfollicles

wherehairgrows,finallyleadingtohairfallingout.

Inthesecondstudy,researchersexploredhownewandagedmicroplasticsaffecttheskinandhairinmice.

Theygavemicewaterwiththesemicroplasticsfortwomonthstoseewhatwouldhappentotheirhair.Afterjust

oneday,researcherscouldseethatthemicroplasticshadmovedthroughthemice'sstomachs,gotintotheirblood

andendedupintheirhair.Aftertwomonths,themicethatdrankwaterwithagedmicroplasticshadmoredamaged

skinandfallinghairthanthosewithnewmicroplastics.Butfurtherexperimentsareneededtodecidewhetheraged

microplasticsaremoreharmful.

"Notably,indailylifemicroplasticscanbefoundinbottledwater,clotheswewear,andeventheairwe

breathe.Itisestimatedthatapersonconsumesapproximately5gramsofmicro-plasticparticlesperweekon

average,“saidresearchleaderWangXusheng.

17.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph2?

A.Byquotation.B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Bycomparison.D.Bygivingadefinition.

18.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3;4?

A.Microplasticsareabsorbedthroughmanyorgans.

B.Microplasticsfinallydepositinthemice'sstomachs.

C.Researcherswillcarryoutfurtherexperimentsonhumanbeings.

D.Newandagedmicroplasticsaffectthemicetothesameextentinthefirststudy.

19.WhatisWangXusheng?sattitudetowardsmicroplasticsindailylife?

A.Indifferent.B.Objective.C.Concerned.D.Skeptical.

20.Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?

A.Tostressontheimportanceofhairprotection.

B.Tointroducesomenewfindingsofmicroplastics.

C.Tocallforurgentactiononplasticbanworldwide.

D.Towarnreadersthedangerofmicroplasticsindailylife.

题型04主旨大意题

提羽坐籍

说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。

主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以Thispassagemainlytalksabout.Whatisthemain

ideaofthepassage?为设问方式。这种试题多以Thispassagemainlytalksabout...

国国国困

答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性

地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据

地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。

典例剖析

Thebrainisprotectedbyshock-absorbingfluidand,outsidethat,theskull.Inaconcussion（脑震荡），the

brainbouncesaroundintheskull,accelerating,deceleratingorrevolving.Thiscreatesaseriesofimpacts.The

neurons（神经元）inthebrainaredisturbed,andbetweenthoseneurons,theaxons-thinfibersthattransmit

electricalimpulses-stretchorbreak.Insidethebrain,ifslikeanearthquakethathashappened.Everythingisstill

standing,buttherearecracksintheroadsandinbuildingfoundations.

Thisextremelysmalldamagehasbigconsequences.Butdecadesago,thepublichada“walkitoff'attitude

towardsconcussions.Thafschanged,thanksinparttoanincreasedawarenessaboutthelong-termeffects.The

2015film“Concussion“tellsthetruestoryofDrBennetOmalu,aforensicpathologiststudyingchronictraumatic

encephalopathy（CTE）,abraindisordercausedbyrepeatedheadinjuries.

Untilrecently,thedark-roomtreatmentwasthestandardprescribedbymostdoctors,involvingpatients

restingindarknessandwithoutanymentalstimulation,untiltheirsymptomseasedoff.Thissuggestioncameoutof

studiesinthe1990sandearly2000sthatfoundwhenathleteswithconcussionscontinuedwithhighlevelsof

activity,theyrecoveredmoreslowlythanthosewhorested.

Butpeoplewhospendmoretimeinadarkroom-sometimescalled"cocooning^-arealsomorelikelyto

experienceanxiety,depressionandsleepproblems.Theirbodiesgetweakerduetounderuse,aswell.

“Scienceandresearchhaveevolvedoverthepastdecade,showingthatwhenyoustopdoingactivity

altogether,thatactuallyaffectsyourrecoveryprocess/9saysBabul,asports-injuryspecialist.Theactive-rest

approachtoconcussionrecoverypromotesaslowincreaseinactivity,startingwithadayortwooflightdaily

movement,andgraduallyaddingactivity,buildingtoafullreturntonormal,unrestrictedactivity.

“Peoplewhofollowtherightguidanceandmanagementtendtorecoveruneventfully,andthosewhodon't

andcontinuetodotheiractivitiescontinuetotaxtheirbrainandarelikelytohavelong-term,persistingsymptoms,9,

Babulsays."Thekeyistorecognizeitimmediatelyandknowwhattodo.”

41.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theworkingsofconcussion.B.Thecausesofconcussion.

C.Thesymptomsofconcussion.D.Theeffectsofconcussion.

44.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?

A.FromInactiontoAction:ConcussionShocks.B.FromDarknesstoLight:ConcussionRecovery.

C.FromOutsidetoInside:ConcussionTreatment.D.FromNothingtoSomething:ConcussionStudy.

03高考练场

（2024•新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）

Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoand

viewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstoboth

questionsareoften"no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,an

entertainmentmindset（心态）andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.

Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenifson

paperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularly

shinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks-likeidentifyingthemainideainareading

passage-toonesthatrequirementalabstraction-suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.

Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper5sphysicalproperties.With

paper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheir

memoryofwhatthey'vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.

Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowing

hypothesis（假说）Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,

whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.

Audio（音频）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothese

technologies一say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshave

demonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorview

identicalpieces.

Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailablein

print.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn't

assumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough^^inparagraph2mean?

A.Seemunlikelytolast.B.Seemhardtoexplain.

C.Becomereadytouse.D.Becomeeasytonotice.

29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?

A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.

C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.

30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents*attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.

31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?

A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.

B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.

C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.

D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.

（2024•新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomestofood.However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer^marketsareasolidchoicetoreduce

thejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm（BMF）shortensitevenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudience

suchasahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweekly

supplyoffreshgreens.

Specifically,it'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,

itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystem

providesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimplyreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seeded

pod（容器）togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereifseatenmeanszeroemissions（邦F放）from

transportingplantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there?snoneedforpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollute

traditionalfarmsandthesurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside

theoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.

“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.

8.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraph1?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-to-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer'smarkets.

9.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

10.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionforsports.

B.Theyaredevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.

D.Theyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

11.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

（2024•新高考卷I阅读理解D篇）

IntheracetodocumentthespeciesonEarthbeforetheygoextinct,researchersandcitizenscientistshave

collectedbillionsofrecords.Today,mostrecordsofbiodiversityareoftenintheformofphotos,videos,andother

digitalrecords.Thoughtheyareusefulfordetectingshiftsinthenumberandvarietyofspeciesinanarea,anew

Stanfordstudyhasfoundthatthistypeofrecordisnotperfect.

“Withtheriseoftechnologyitiseasyforpeopletomakeobservationsofdifferentspecieswiththeaidofa

mobileapplication,saidBarnabasDaru,whoisleadauthorofthestudyandassistantprofessorofbiologyinthe

StanfordSchoolofHumanitiesandSciences."Theseobservationsnowoutnumbertheprimarydatathatcomes

fromphysicalspecimens（标本），andsinceweareincreasinglyusingobservationaldatatoinvestigatehowspecies

arerespondingtoglobalchange,Iwantedtoknow:Aretheyusable?^^

Usingaglobaldatasetof1.9billionrecordsofplants,insects,birds,andanimals,Daruandhisteamtested

howwellthesedatarepresentactualglobalbiodiversitypatterns.

“Wewereparticularlyinterestedinexploringtheaspectsofsamplingthattendtobias（使有偏差）data,like

thegreaterlikelihoodofacitizenscientisttotakeapictureofafloweringplantinsteadofthegrassrightnexttoit,“

saidDaru.

Theirstudyrevealedthatthelargenumberofobservation-onlyrecordsdidnotleadtobetterglobalcoverage.

Moreover,thesedataarebiasedandfavorcertainregions,timeperiods,andspecies.Thismakessensebecausethe

peoplewhogetobservationalbiodiversitydataonmobiledevicesareoftencitizenscientistsrecordingtheir

encounterswithspeciesinareasnearby.Thesedataarealsobiasedtowardcertainspecieswithattractiveor

eye-catchingfeatures.

Whatcanwedowiththeimperfectdatasetsofbiodiversity?

“Quitealot,“Daruexplained.'"Biodiversityappscanuseourstudyresultstoinformusersofoversampled

areasandleadthemtoplaces-andevenspecies-thatarenotwell-sampled.Toimprovethequalityof

observationaldata,biodiversityappscanalsoencourageuserstohaveanexpertconfirmtheidentificationoftheir

uploadedimage.9,

32.Whatdoweknowabouttherecordsofspeciescollectednow?

A.Theyarebecomingoutdated.B.Theyaremostlyinelectronicform.

C.Theyarelimitedinnumber.D.Theyareusedforpublicexhibition.

33.WhatdoesDam'sstudyfocuson?

A.Threatenedspecies.B.Physicalspecimens.

C.Observationaldata.D.Mobileapplications.

34.Whathasledtothebiasesaccordingtothestudy?

A.Mistakesindataanalysis.B.Poorqualityofuploadedpictures.

C.Improperwayofsampling.D.Unreliabledatacollectiondevices.

35.WhatisDam'ssuggestionforbiodiversityapps?

A.Reviewdatafromcertainareas.B.Hireexpertstochecktherecords.

C.Confirmtheidentityoftheusers.D.Giveguidancetocitizenscientists.

（2023•新高考卷I阅读理解C篇）

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatit

asksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideifsrightfbryou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigital

minimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasingly

intolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldecluttar.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,rilguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I'll

drawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llhear

theseparticipants9storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyou

shouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate（培养）asustainable

digitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude（独处）andthe

necessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Each

chapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.

Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatwordsfor

yourparticularcircumstances.

28.Whatisthebookaimedat?

A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.

C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

30.Whatispresentedinthefinalchapterofpartone?

A.Theoreticalmodels.B.Statisticalmethods.

C.Practicalexamples.D.Historicalanalyses.

31.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdowiththepracticesofferedinparttwo?

A.Usethemasneeded.B.Recommendthemtofriends.

C.Evaluatetheireffects.D.Identifytheideasbehindthem.

（2023•新高考卷II阅读理解C篇）

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject——thebook,representedherein

almostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughout

history,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists5representationsofbooks

andreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebook

asafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描绘）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect（才智），wealthorfaithof

thesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartin

theirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemasthe

rawmaterialforartworks-transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpage

outdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremai