高铁道岔启动电路故障处理铁路信号基础设备维护课件

高铁道岔启动电路故障处理天津铁道职业技术学院铁路信号基础设备维护

高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（一）启动电路故障分析判断三相交流电动转辙机动作电路由三级控制电路构成，因此故障处理按三级控制电路分别查找。其中：第一级控制电路故障是1DQJ不能正常励磁，现象是扳动道岔时，道岔表示灯照常点亮，不灭灯。第二级控制电路故障是2DQJ不能正常励磁转极，现象是人工操纵道岔时，控制台的道岔表示灯灭灯，待停止操纵，该表示灯又点亮。第三级控制电路故障是表示灯灭，道岔仍不能启动，这时看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自闭。如BHJ根本未吸起，应检查组合侧面380V三相交流动作电源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分线盘处测到三相电源正常，说明室内电路正常，故障点应该在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，说明室外三相负载电路良好，重点应观察BHJ与1DQJ落下的先后顺序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，则说明1DQJ自闭电路未构成。查找1DQJ自闭电路。如室内电路动作正常，在电路动作过程中通过继电器状态或集中监测电流曲线判断道岔动作过程中是否有机械卡阻现象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.

高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（一）启动电路故障分析判断三相交流电动转辙机动作电路由三级控制电路构成，因此故障处理按三级控制电路分别查找。其中：第一级控制电路故障是1DQJ不能正常励磁，现象是扳动道岔时，道岔表示灯照常点亮，不灭灯。第二级控制电路故障是2DQJ不能正常励磁转极，现象是人工操纵道岔时，控制台的道岔表示灯灭灯，待停止操纵，该表示灯又点亮。第三级控制电路故障是表示灯灭，道岔仍不能启动，这时看BHJ是否吸起，1DQJ是否自闭。如BHJ根本未吸起，应检查组合侧面380V三相交流动作电源是否正常，也有可能DBQ不良。如在分线盘处测到三相电源正常，说明室内电路正常，故障点应该在室外。如BHJ吸起后又落下，说明室外三相负载电路良好，重点应观察BHJ与1DQJ落下的先后顺序。若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，则说明1DQJ自闭电路未构成。查找1DQJ自闭电路。如室内电路动作正常，在电路动作过程中通过继电器状态或集中监测电流曲线判断道岔动作过程中是否有机械卡阻现象。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.StartingcircuitfaultanalysisThethree-phaseACswitchmachineactioncircuitconsistsofthreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,sothefaulthandlingisconductedseparatelyaccordingtothethreelevelsofcontrolcircuits,amongwhich:Thefirstlevelcontrolcircuitfaultisthat1DQJcannotbeexcitednormally,andthephenomenonisthatwhentheturnoutistriggered,theturnoutindicatesthatthelightislightingasusualanddoesnotgoout.Thefaultofthesecondlevelcontrolcircuitisthat2DQJcannotnormallyexcitethepoleandturnthepole.Thephenomenonisthatwhentheswitchismanuallyoperated,theswitchindicatorlightontheconsoleturnsoff.Whentheoperationisstopped,theindicatorlightturnsonagain.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipmentThefaultofthethirdlevelcontrolcircuitmeansthatthelightisoffandtheturnoutstillcannotbestarted.Atthistime,checkwhetherBHJissuckedupandwhether1DQJisselfclosing.IftheBHJisnotsuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,orwhethertheDBQispoor.Ifthethree-phasepowersupplyisnormalatthedistributionpanel,itindicatesthattheindoorcircuitisnormal,andthefaultpointshouldbeoutdoors.IftheBHJisliftedandthendropped,itindicatesthattheoutdoorthree-phaseloadcircuitisgood,andthesequenceofBHJand1DQJdroppingshouldbeobserved.IftheBHJfallsafterthe1DQJfalls,the1DQJselfclosingcircuitisnotformed.Find1DQJselfclosingcircuit.Iftheindoorcircuitactsnormally,judgewhetherthereismechanicaljammingintheprocessofturnoutactionbyrelaystatusorcentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurveduringcircuitaction.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（二）典型故障案例1.故障现象：单独操纵道岔，控制台定位表示灯不灭处理方法：如控制台表示灯不灭，则故障在室内，说明尖轨及心轨组合内的1DQJ未吸起，这时应进行进路式操纵道岔，看动作是否正常。如进路式操纵时动作正常，说明道岔单独操纵部分有故障，进一步检查道岔总反位和道岔按钮继电器是否动作正常，确定故障点。如进路操纵也不能动作，则应检查锁闭继电器是否在吸起状态，道岔常闭按钮接点接触是否良好，公共配线部分（CAJ11或CAJ21接点）是否良好。2.故障现象：单独操纵道岔，尖轨或心轨有一个不动作（组合架观察）。处理方法：如尖轨或心轨有一个不动作，则室内控制电路应排除公共部分故障的可能性，以尖轨不动作为例进行分析。（1）1DQJ、1DQJF是否吸起，2DQJ是否转极，如控制电路部分继电器动作不正常，应按动作逻辑关系式AJ↑+ZFJ↑(或FCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJ转极落下，进行查找。（2）当确定室内道岔控制电路动作正常后，应进一步观察BHJ是吸起后落下，还是根本未吸起过。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.TypicalFaultCases1.Faultdescription:operateturnoutindividually,consolepositioningindicatorlightdoesnotgooutProcessingmethod:Iftheconsoleindicatesthatthelightisnotoff,thefaultisintheroom,indicatingthatthe1DQJinthecombinationofpointedrailandfrograilisnotenergized,andthentheturnoutshouldbemanipulatedinthewaytoseeiftheactionisnormal.Iftheactionisnormalduringroutetypeoperation,itindicatesthatthereisafaultintheseparateoperationpartoftheturnout.Furthercheckwhetherthetotalreversepositionoftheturnoutandtheturnoutbuttonrelayoperatenormally,anddeterminethefaultpoint.Ifthein-routemanipulationalsocannotwork,checkwhetherthelockingrelayisinthesuctionstate,whetherthecontactoftheturnoutnormally-closed-buttonisingoodcondition,whetherthepublicwiringpart(CAJ11orCAJ21contact)isingoodcondition.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment2.Faultdescription:separatemanipulationoftheturnout,thetonguerailorfrograilhasanon-action(combinedframeobservation).Treatmentmethod:Ifoneswitchrailorcenterrailfailstooperate,eliminatethepossibilityofcommonpartfailureintheindoorcontrolcircuit.Taketonguerailfailureasanexampleforanalysis.(1)Whether1DQJand1DQJFarepulledup,andwhether2DQJturnstopole.Ifsomerelaysinthecontrolcircuitactabnormally,searchaccordingtotheactionlogicrelationshipAJ↑+ZFJ↑(orFCJ↑)→1DQJ↑→1DQJF↑→2DQJturnstopoleanddrops.(2)Whentheindoorturnoutcontrolcircuitisdeterminedtobenormal,BHJshouldbefurtherobservedtoseeifitfallsdownafterbeingenergizedornotbeingenergizedatall.高速铁路道岔转辙设备机械、电气故障（3）如BHJ根本未吸起过，应检查组合侧面的380V三相交流动作电源是否正常，每相的熔丝是否良好，发现不良时立即更换处理；如电源部分正常，但到分线盘测试电压缺相（X1、X3、X4线），则可能为DBQ到1DQJ及1DQJF的相应接点间断线，也可能为DBQ的部分断线。如上述部分均良好，则可能为2DQJ(121-123)接点接触不良或前后配线断线（包括到分线盘的X3线），也可能为2DQJ的113接点到DBJ线圈端子1断线。其他动作部分的配线及接点与定位表示电路共用，一般不会有问题。（4）如分线盘测试三相电源正常，已向外送出，则应到室外重点测量检查X3线电缆、转辙机内的13-14接点和遮断开关等，接触是否良好，是否有线头松动。（5）如BHJ先吸起，然后又落下，说明三相负载部分良好，重点应观察BHJ与1DQJ落下的先后顺序：若BHJ先落下，可能是DBQ性能不良，可更换DBQ；若BHJ在1DQJ落下后再落下，则说明可能是1DQJ缓放时间不够长（BHJ前接点必须可靠闭合，才能构通1DQJ的自闭电路），也可能是1DQJ自闭电路不能构通等。另外，室外动作电路通道（接点、开关K)接触不良或配线松动，都能够造成BHJ先落下。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(3)IftheBHJhasnotbeensuckedupatall,checkwhetherthe380Vthree-phaseACactionpowersupplyonthecombinationsideisnormal,andwhetherthefuseofeachphaseisingoodcondition.Ifitisfoundtobedefective,replaceitimmediately;Ifthepowersupplyisnormal,butthetestvoltagetothedistributionpanelisoutofphase(X1,X3,X4lines),itmaybethatthecorrespondingcontactsbetweenDBQand1DQJand1DQJFarebroken,oritmaybethattheDBQispartiallybroken.Iftheabovepartsareallingoodcondition,itmaybethatthecontactof2DQJ(121-123)isinpoorcontactorthefrontandrearwiringisbroken(includingtheX3wiretothejunctionpanel),ortheconnectionbetweenthe113contactof2DQJandtheDBJcoilterminal1isbroken.Thewiringandcontactsofotheractionpartsaresharedwiththepositioningindicationcircuit,andgenerallythereisnoproblem.MechanicalandElectrica