2024-2025学年中考英语重难点题型讲解训练：阅读理解之词义猜测（含解析）

专题10阅读理解之词义揣测

在中考英语阅读理解的考题中，有一类很常见的题，即词义揣测题，是对学生来说最困难的部分，也

是失分最大的一个题型。其实，出题老师在出题的时候，绝不会随意出一个生词来刁难大家，肯定是可以

依据某个线索推断出来。因此，本课介绍的方法，就是给大家找寻线索的方法，帮助大家攻克这类题型。

此外，即使不是考题，我们也可能在阅读中遇到生词，会给学生的心理上造成很大障碍。但是假如能够合

理地揣测出词义，也会大大增加阅读的效率和精确性。

在阅读的时候，经常会遇到一些生词，影响我们的阅读速度，其实大部分生词的意思都可以通过上下文

的关系猜出来，下面就介绍一些猜词的技巧：

1.通过因果关系猜词

通过因果关系猜词，首先是找诞生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后才能猜词。有时文章借助关联词

(如because,since,as,for,so,thus,asaresult,ofcourse,therefore等等)表示前因后果。

例如：

Youshouldn'thaveblamedhimforthat,foritwasn,thisfault.

通过for引出的句子所表示的缘由(那不是他的错)，可猜出blame的词义，指责、指责。

2.通过同义词和反义词的关系猜词

如：Tomislazybuthisbrotherisindustrious.

通过同义词猜词，要看由and或or连接的同义词词组，如Weliveahappyandgaylife,即使我们

不相识gay这个词，也可以知道它是happy意思；

通过反义词猜词，一是看表转折关系的连词或副词，如but,while,however等；二是看与not搭配的或

表示否定意义的词语，如：Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.依据notat

all...handsome我们不难推想出homely的意思，即nothandsome的意思。

3.通过构词法猜词

在阅读文章时，我们总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难依据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解

又有着举足轻重的作用。此时，如驾驭了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法学问，这些问题便不难解决

To

如：1)ThecolorsofHawaiiinsummerareunforgettable.

2)Wewantthistobeclearsocustomersarenotmisinterpretingtheinformationandwasting

alotoffood.

A.payingattentiontoB.takingnonoticeof

C.makingguessesaboutD.havingawrongideaabout

3)breathlessshortenbeautifygeneralize

progressivelycontinuouseducationistadaptable

气喘吁吁的使…缩短使…漂亮概括

不断进步地持续的教化家可适应的

4.通过定义或释义关系来推想词义

例：Butsometimes,norainfallsforalong,longtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.

Sheisstudyingglaucoma,akindofdiseaseontheeyes.

这种同义或释义关系常由is,or,thatis,inotherwords,becalled或破折号等来表示。

5.通过句法功能来推想词义

例如：Bananas,oranges,pineapples,coconutsandsomeotherkindoffruitgrowinwarmareas.

假如pineapples和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来推断它们大致的意思。

从句中不难看出pineapples,coconuts和bananas,oranges是同类关系，同属水果。

6.通过描述猜词

描述即为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物作出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。

例：ThepenguinisakindofseabirdlivingintheSouthPole.Itisfatandwalksinafunny

way.Althoughitcannotfly,itcanswimintheicywatertocatchthefish.

从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。

7.依据常识来推想

如：Waterusuallyboilsat100centigrade.

精讲精练

【例题1】

Spacerubbishisalsothoughttobeagreatdangertospacemen.It'sreportedthattherewere

9,000man-madethingsflyinginspace.About30%ofthesearesatellites,10%arespaceships,

andtherestarespacerubbish.Anexplosion（爆炸）inspacein1999madeacloudof300,000

fragments,eachatleast4mminsize.Asmallpieceoftheseevenknockedaspaceshipwindowand

causedsomedamage（损坏）.

Theunderlinedword〃fragments"means____.

A.碎片B.泡沫C.烟雾D.飞碟

【答案】A

【解析】

依据下文中的smallpiece等，可以看出该词意为"碎片"，故选：A.

【例题2】

Noonewantstogetupatfouro'clockinthemorningandfighttogetagooddealonBlackFriday

(thefirstFridayatChristmastime).It'ssurelyverydifficulttopickupthecourageandget

outthereinthecoldforagooddeal.Butsometimesitcanbewellworth.Manyretailersoffer

specialsallthroughtheday.SomeevenofferonlineBlackFridayspecials,sowemaystillbe

abletogetagreatdealonBlackFriday.

Theunderlinedword"specials〃inParagraph2means.

A.赠品B.奢侈品C.特价商品D.圣诞礼品

【答案】C

【解析】可依据词性变换来推想词义。special作形容词，意思是特别的，因此转换成名词时，也会和“特

别”这个含义有关。结合文意，文章探讨的和商品有关，因此选C。

【例题3】

Manyofthestudentsinmyclasscouldn，tactatall.Theycouldn，tevenreadwithoutmakinglots

ofmistakes.IwassurethatIwouldgetabigpartintheplay.

However,theteachergavemethepartofasoldier.Hehasonlyoneline.Itis,“Yes,sir!”

Iwasverydisappointed.AttheendofthelessonIwentuptoherandaskedherwhyIhadsuch

asmallpart.

“Youputtoomuchexpressioninyouracting,z/shesaid."Goodactingisnotbigacting.Itis

actingtheaudiencecanbelievein.

IthinkIknowwhatshemeans.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"expression〃inthepassagemean?

A.表情B.建议C.仿照D.服饰.

【答案】A

【解析】由Iputalotofexpressionintomyacting.IthoughtIactedreallywell.我表现得绘

声绘色.我满以为我是表现得很到位的.可知作者在表演中加入了过多的表情.答案是A,其它不正确。

【练习1]Moreandmoreparentsleavetheirhomeandcomeintothebigcitiestomakemoney.But

theirchildrencan51gowiththembecausetheirchildrenmustgotoschoolintheirhometown.They

arecalledhome-leftchildren（留守儿童）.Theproblemsofhome-leftchildrenbecomemoreand

moreserious.Anditbecomesabigburdenofoursociety.Themainproblemisthatsomehome-left

childrenbecomeverylonelywhentheydon'thavetheirparents?love.Andtheyaretooyoung

totellrightorwronginmanythings.Sotheyarefooledveryeasilybyothers.

XiaoMei,a14-year-oldgirl,isahome-leftchild.HerparentsareallinShanghai.Sheisin

herhometownwithhergrandpa.ShelikesplayinggamesontheInternet.Herparentsandgrandpa

onlygivehermoneyandfood.Theyhardlyevercareforherstudies.Oneday,shehadnomoney

topayforthegamesintheNetbar（网口巴）.Soshestole（偷）somemoneyfromherneighbor.Just

atthattime,XiaoFang,a9-year-oldgirlsawit.XiaoMeiwasafraidthatXiaoFangwouldtell

othersaboutit.ShecutXiaoFang5sthroatwithaknife,thenshewenttoschooljustlikenothing

happened.Luckily,XiaoFangwassavedbythedoctors.Whensheopenedhereyesandwrotethe

facttothepolicemanwithapencil,everybodywasverysurprised.Thissadstoryremindsthe

parentstocarefortheirchildrennomatterhowbusytheyare.

Areyouoneofthehome-leftchildren?Whatdoyouneedfromyourparents?Food,moneyorlove?

Ithinkmostchildrenneedlovemostly.Let'scareforthegrouptogether.

1.Whycan，tthechildrengotothebigcitieswiththeirparents?__

A.Becausetheyhavetogotoschoolintheirhometown.

B.Becausetheirparentshavenomoney.

C.Becausetheydon51liketogothere.

D.Becausetheyarenotallowed.

2.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword"burden〃inChinese?__

A.负担B.象征C.任务D.地位

3.WhatdoXiaoMei'sparentsonlygiveher?__

A.Clothes.B.Love.C.Moneyandfood.D.Computers.

4.WhatdoesthestoryofXiaoMeimainlytellus?__

A.Wecan，tplaycomputergames.

B.Parentsshouldcarefortheirchildren.

C.Weshouldgetalongwellwithneighbors.

D.Goingtothebigcitiesisnotgood.

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?__

A.Home-leftchildrencantellrightorwrongeasily.

B.Home-leftchildrenneverfeellonely.

C.XiaoFanglikesplayinggames.

D.XiaoMeireallyneedslove.

【答案】AACBD

【解析】

56.答案:A细微环节理解题.依据文章内容Buttheirchildrencan，tgowiththembecausetheirchildren

havetogotoschoolintheirhometown.但是孩子不能和他们一起，因为他们的孩子必需在家乡的学

校上学.故选：A.

57.答案：A词义揣测题.前文讲到留守儿童成为一个严峻的社会问题.此句为：而且它也成为社会的负

担.Burden负担，故选：A.

58.答案：C细微环节理解题.依据文章内容Herparentsandgrandpaonlygivehermoneyandfood

她的父母和爷爷只能给她钱和食物.故选：C.

59.答案:B细微环节理解题.依据文章内容Thissadstoryremindstheparentstocarefortheirchildren

nomatterhowbusytheyare.这个故事提示父母不管他们有多忙，都应当照看好他们的孩子.故选：B.

60.答案：D推断推理题.由文章内容得知，小梅由于缺少父母的关爱和照看，喜爱上网，所以才会在网

吧将邻居小孩刺伤，由此推断D正确，小梅须要关爱.故选：D.

【练习2】

WeusetheInternetformanythings:business,shopping,writingletters,talkingtopeople,

findinginformationandsoon.InrecentyearsanewkindofEnglishhasgrownontheInternet.

There,snorealwordforityet,sowe'11callite_talk.Peopledon'tliketypingtoomuch.

Tosavetime,theyturnphrasesintoafewletterscalledacronyms.Acronymsareoftenusedin

chatrooms.Someofthemare.

BTW(bytheway)BRB(berightback)

LOL(laughingoutloud)IMO(inmyopinion)

Peoplealsousemanyabbreviations(缩写)，Theyareshortenedformsofwords.Somecommon

abbreviationsare:

Info(information)purer(computer)Pie(picture)sec(second)

Weusuallydon'tseepeoplewhenwecommunicate(沟通)ontheNet,sopeoplehavenewwaystoshow

feelings.Mostpeopleusetheirkeywordstodraw“feeling”.such

as::-)(happy)：-p(joking)：-((sad)：-0(surprised)

Thesedays,manyforums(论坛)havepicturefeelings.Forexample,

Thereareevenwholenewwords,like'newbie's'(someonewhoisnewonachatboardorforum).

Ittakestimeforpeopletogetusedtoe-talk.Also,differentgroupsontheNethavetheirown

specialwaysofcommunicating.Newbie,shavetoaskotherpeoplewhattheymean.AstheInternet

grows,e-talkwillcontinuetogrowandchange.

1.Whatdoestheunderline“acronyms"mean?

A.网友B.闲聊室C.首字母缩写词

2.Whydopeopletypeacronyms?

A.toshowtheirfeelings.

B.Becausepeoplecantypethemquickly.

C.Inthiswaynewbie'swon'tunderstandthem.

3.Whatdoes"BTW,mypurerisnotworkingwell：-("mean?

A.Thepersonisangryatsomebody.

B.Thepersonishappyaboutgettinganewcomputer.

C.Thepersonissadthathiscomputerishavingproblems.

74.E-talkwillsprobably.

A.keepchanging.

B.beeasybypeopleonthetelephone

C.beusedbypeopleonthetelephone

【答案】CBCA

【解析】

【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了一下用来在网上闲聊或沟通的e-talk.本文主要介绍了三种e-talko一是

“acronyms”首字母缩写词；二是“abbreviations”缩写词；三是feelings。

1.C细微环节理解题。依据其次段中所举的四个例子“BTB(bytheway);BRB(berightback);

LOL(laughingoutloud);IMO(inmyopinion),,可推断acronyms是“首字母缩写词”的意思，故选C。

2.B细微环节理解题。依据第一段的最终其次句话“Tosavetime,theyturnphrasesintoafewletters

calledacronyms.??,可知选项B是正确的。

3.C细微环节理解题。依据缩写词〃puter(computer)〃及feelings标记“：-((sad)”可知选项C

是正确的。

4.A细微环节理解题。依据最终一段的最终一句话"AstheInternetgrows,e-talkwillcontinueto

growandchange.”可推断为选项A。由最终一段的第一句话"Ittakestimeforpeopletogetusedto

e-talk.,,可知B项是错误的；依据第一段的其次句话和第一句话^Inrecentyears,anewkindofEnglish

hasgrownintheInternet.Thereisnorealwordforityet,sowewillcallite-talk.”可知

e-talk是在Internet上运用的，所以C项是错误的。故选A。

【练习3]

Threedaysago,thebossofagoldshopreceivedaletter.Ashewasverybusy,theletterwas

onhisdesktilldinnertime.Whenheopenedit,a$1000notefelloutontothedesk.Withthe

notewasashortletter:

Dearsir,

Igotmarriedfortyyearsago.Unfortunately,atthattimetherewasalotofunemploymentand

Igotnojob.IwasoutofworkforaboutsixmonthsbeforeIgotanotherone.OfcourseIwas

veryshortofmoney.

Icametoyourshoptobuyaweddingringoneday.Theassistantbroughtsomeringsformeto

havealook,latershewascalledawayforamoment,andthenIputoneoftheringsintomypocket.

Whenshecameback,IsaidIdidnotknowthesizeofmygirlfriend^finger.SoIlefttheshop

withtheringbutIdidn'tpayforit.Mywifediedamonthago,andthefactthatIneverpaid

forherringhasbeenonmyconscience（让我良心担心）alltheseyears.Ialwaysfeelguiltyabout

that.Atthattimetheringcost$100,andIthinkthatisabouttentimesattoday?sprice.Now,

Iamsendingyouthatamount.

Yourstruly,

Acustomer

Afterreadingtheletter,thebosssaid,“Well,lifeisalwaysfullofsurprise!

1.Thebossofthegoldshopgota3daysago.

ringB.letterC.gold

2.Theunderlinedword“unemployment“meansinChinese.

A.辞职B.失业C.就业

3.Theringthecustomerputintohispocketwas40yearsago.A.$1000

B.$10000C.$100

4.Thecustomerwrotetothebossinorderto

sendthemoneyfortheringB.saythankstohim

returnthering

5.WhichisNOTwrongaccordingtothepassage?

A.Thebossopenedtheletterbyhimself.

B.Thebossdidn'tthinklifewasalwaysfullofsurprise.

C.Whenthecustomer飞wifeknewthefact,shewasannoyed.

【答案】BBCAA

【解析】

一个人对四十年前所做的一件错事心怀内疚，多年以来的负罪感和妻子的去世最终使他下定决心偿还

这一笔债务。文章读来颇感人。

1.B细微环节对应题。句子Withthenotewasashortletter.给出了答案。

2.B综合推断题。划线单词的下文gotnojob“没有找到工作”和outofwork“失业”，都在提示上

文的划线单词意义为“失业”。正是因为失业的窘境才导致写信者偷了店里的戒指。

3.C细微环节对应题。信件的末尾句Atthattimetheringcost$100提示答案。

4.A综合理解题。写信的人是通过偿还自己四十年前所拿戒指的钱来求得心理解脱。

5.A细微环节对应题。通过短文起先Whenheopenedit,可知是老板亲自打开了信件。

课后作业

Scottwasnothappy.Hehadnomoneylefttobuythenewtoytrainhewanted.Suddenly,he

hadanidea!〃I'11askmybrotherAlanifIcanborrowsomemoney.Healwayshasmoneytolend

people.〃

ScottfoundAlaninhisroom."Alan,mayIborrow$20fromyoutobuymyselfanewtrain?”

Alanreplied,〃IjustspentallofmymoneyonMom'sbirthdaypresent.Ihavenomoneyleft.

Youarebarkingupthewrongtree.〃

Scottwasverydisappointed.Hedecidedtogetajob.Hewenttomanystore