2025年高考英语三轮复习之选词填空

第63页（共63页）2025年高考英语三轮复习之选词填空一．选词填空（共20小题）1．（2025•上海模拟）A．acquire；B．cover；C．dependent；D．enhanced；E.evolution；F.fashioned；G.elements；H.material；I.knock﹣on；J.perfect；K.functionalOrangutans（红毛猩猩）areknownforanimpressivefeatofengineering：theycarefullyweaveanintricatenestfrombranchesandleafytwigsintheforestcanopydaily，buildingandrebuildingforcozynightsandshadymiddaynaps.Somenests，particularlythosemadebyolderandmoreexperiencedorangutans，featurepillows，linings，blankets，andsometimesevenaroof（1）frombroadleaves—andallmustbewellprotectedfromthe（2）andstrongenoughtohold100﹣pluspoundsofsleepingape.NowastudypublishedinAnimalBehaviorrevealsthatyoungorangutans（3）thisvitaltaskoverthecourseofsevenyears，"Thefactthatittakesthemsolongto（4）thisskillshowsusthatit'smuchmorecomplexthanwerealizedbefore，"saysthestudy'sleadauthorAndreaPermana，aprimatologist（灵长类动物学家）attheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Tounderstandthisbehavior，researchersfollowed45orangutansatIndonesia'sGunungLeuseNationalParkfor13years."Itwasverycooltoseemorefocuson（5）cultureandtool﹣usebehaviorthatisn'tthestandard'sticksandstones，'likethecavemantoolsthatweusuallyfocuson，"saysUniversityofKentprimatologistHellaPeter，whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy.Permanafoundthatorangutansbegintoshowinterestinnestbuildingasyoungsixmonths.Thesestill（6）orangutanspracticethetaskdailyoverthecourseoftheiryouth，watchingtheirmothertolearnbuildingtechniques.Astheygetolder，theirstrengthandskillsimprove，lettingthemmoresuccessfullyweavetwigsandbranchesintothestructure.Researchershaveseenorangutansbuildtheirfirst（7）nightnestsatthreeyearsold，buttheystilltendtosleepalongsidetheirmothersuntilaboutageseven.Orangutans"havethisseven﹣to﹣nine﹣year﹣longrelianceperiodwhentheyarelittlebabies，andafterthattheyareontheirown."Petersays.Thesenestsoffermorethanjust（8）fromtigersandotherpredators；sleepitselfisacrucialresourceaswell.Allgreatapesconstructneststosomedegree，andstudiesshowthatorangutanssleepdeeperandlongerthannon﹣nest﹣buildingprimates.Thissoundsleepmaytellushownestsplayedapartinourownancestors'brainbecausehumanancestorsandorangutanancestorsdevelopednestbuilding（9）simultaneously.Permanasays："Themorerestedyouare，thenyoucanbemoreinnovative.Maybeyou'remorecurious，yourmemoryisbetter，andyoucansolveproblemsbetter.The（10）effectsofthatonthesuccessofourancestorsisprettyundoubtable."2．（2024•湖北模拟）A．whenB．butC．ItD．laterE.hasbeenpracticedF.aG.toH.InspiredI.stylesJ.promotingListedasaUNESCOworldheritagesite，WudangMountainincentralChinaishome（1）Taoism（道家学派），acornerstone（最重要的部分）ofChinesethoughtandphilosophy.ThemountainisalsothebirthplaceofWudangTaiChi，amartialart（武术）that（2）forcenturies.（3）issaidthatthewell﹣knownTaoist，ZhangSanfengsetupWudangSect（宗派）inWudangMountainintheearlyMingDynastyandtookinfollowersfromdifferentplaces.AfteryearsofstudyingTaoism，hemadeagreatcontributionto（4）Taoisttheory.Besides，hecreatedseveralmartialartsusingfistsonly，taichiincluded.Onestorygoesthat（5）ZhangSanfengpracticedin（6）cave，hefoundamagpie（喜鹊）wasfightingagainstasnake.Themagpietooktheinitiativeattack（7）thesnakejustavoidedbeinghit.Whenthemagpiewaswornout，thesnakegaveadeadlystrike.（8）bythesnake，ZhangSanfengcreatedtaichiwhichisfamousforconqueringhardnesswithsoftnessanddealingwithallmotionsbyremainingmotionless.Afterwards，taichiwaspasseddowninWudangMountain.OntheshoulderofZhangSanfeng，many（9）generationscontinuethetraditionsandseveralbranchesofpracticecameintobeing.WudangTaiChicanbeconsideredthetrunkthatbranchesoutintootherwell﹣known（10）suchasChen，WuorYang.3．（2024•湖北模拟）ChuOperaisoneofthemainlocaloperavarietiesinHubeiProvince，（1）hasahistoryofmorethan150years.ItwasknownasHuangxiaoFlower﹣DrumOpera，before1926andthenrenamedChuOpera.Itislively，popular，and（2）tounderstandandalsohasastronglocalflavor.It（3）describesstoriesoflegends（传说）andfamilylife，andisoftensimpleandhumorous.UnlikePekingOpera，thereareonlythreekindsof（4）：sheng（male），dan（female）andchou（clown）.Inordertopreserveit，aspecialtheater（5）in1998andwasgiventhenameWuhanChuOperaTheater.Sinceitsestablishment，thetheaterhascollected（6）adaptedmorethanonehundredlargeorsmalltraditionaloperas.Oneofthemostwell﹣knowntraditionaloperasisMagicLotusLantern（Baoliandeng）.Asthestory（7），theGoddessofMountHua，whohelpspeople（8）hermagicLotusLantern，fallsinlovewithamortal（凡人），LiuYanchang.TheygetmarriedandhaveasonnamedChenXiang.Butthegoddess'sbrothercannotbeartosee（9）sistermarryamortal.Heordershisheavenlydog（10）awaytheLotusLanternandhidethegoddessinMountHua.LateragodteachesChenXiangkungfusohecansplit（劈开）MountHuaopenandsavehismother.A.usuallyB.hisC.goesD.andE.wasbuiltF.rolesG.tostealH.withI.easyJ.which4．（2024•虹口区校级模拟）A.unavoidableB.trendsC.profitsD.influencesAB.blendsAC.dominantAD.evolvedBC.symbolizedBD.delicateCD.popularizedABC.definedPrettyinpink：adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour，yetitiswidespreadinouryounggirls'lives.Itisnotthatpinkisinherently（内在地）bad，butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand，thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway，italsorepeatedlyandfirmly（1）girls'identitywithappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection，evenamongtwo﹣year﹣olds，betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround，Idespairedattheextremelackofimaginationaboutgirl'slivesandinterests.Girls'attractiontopinkmayseem（2），somehowencodedintheirDNA，butaccordingtoJoPaoletti，anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies，itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour﹣codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury：intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter，sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore，bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender﹣neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced，pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremalecolour，a（n）（3）versionofred，whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue，withitsintimations（暗示）oftheVirginMary（圣母玛利亚），constancyandfaithfulness，（4）femininity（女性化）.Itwasnotuntilthemid﹣1980s，whenenlargedageandsexdifferencesbecamea（n）（5）children'smarketingstrategy，thatpinkfullycameintoitsown，whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls，partofwhat（6）themasfemale，atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealizedhowprofoundlymarketing（7）influencedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltorelatives，includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takingthetoddlerasanexample，Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour：wrong.Itturnsout，accordingtoDanielCook，ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism，thatitwas（8）asamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounseled（劝告）departmentstoresthat，inordertoincreasesales，theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"（学步的小孩）becameacommonshoppers'termthatit（9）intoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids，oradults，intoever﹣tiniercategorieshasprovedasafewaytoboost（10）.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystocutupamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences﹣﹣orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.5．（2024•浦东新区三模）A.advancesB.combedC.netD.headsE.automationF.modestG.comprehensiveH.thinnedI.priorJ.underlieK.unearthDoestechnologyreplacemorejobsthanitcreates？Whatisthe（1）balancebetweenthesetwothings？Untilnow，thathasnotbeenmeasured.ButanewresearchprojectledbyMITeconomistDavidAutorhasdevelopedananswer，atleastforU.S.historysince1940.Thestudyusesnewmethodstoexaminehowmanyjobshavebeenlosttomachine（2），andhowmanyhavebeengeneratedthrough"augmentation（增强）."inwhichtechnologycreatesnewtasks.Overall，thestudyfinds，andparticularlysince1980，technologyhasreplacedmoreU.S.jobsthanithasgenerated."Theredoesappeartobeafasterrateofautomation，andaslowerrateofaugmentation，inthelastfourdecades，from1980tothepresent，thaninthefourdecades（3）."saysAutor.However，thatfindingisonlyoneofthestudy's（4）.Theresearchershavealsodevelopedanentirelynewmethodforstudyingtheissue，basedonananalysisofthousandsofUS.censusjobcategoriesinrelationtoa（n）（5）lookatthetextofU.S.patentsoverthelastcentury.Thathasallowedthem，forthefirsttime，toquantifytheeffectsoftechnologyoverbothjoblossandjobcreation.Thestudyfindsthatoverall，about60percentofjobsintheU.S.representnewtypesofwork，whichhavebeencreatedsince1940.Todeterminethis，Autorandhiscolleagues（6）throughabout35.000jobcategories，trackinghowtheyemergeovertime.TheyalsousednaturallanguageprocessingtoolstoanalyzethetextofeveryU.S.patentfiledsince1920.Theresearchexaminedhowwordswere"embedded"inthecensusandpatentdocumentsto（7）relatedpassagesoftext.Thatallowedthemtodeterminelinksbetweennewtechnologiesandtheireffectsonemployment.Fromabout1940through1980，forinstance，jobslikeelevatoroperatorandtypesettertendedtogetautomated.Butatthesametime，moreworkersfilledrolessuchasshippingandreceivingclerks，buyersanddepartment（8），andcivilandspaceengineers.From1980through2018，theranksofcabinetmakersandmachinists，amongothers，havebeen（9）byautomation，whileindustrialengineers，andoperationsandsystemsresearchersandanalysts，haveenjoyedgrowth.Ultimately，theresearchsuggeststhatthenegativeeffectsofautomationonemploymentweremorethantwiceasgreatinthe1980﹣2018periodasinthe1940﹣1980period.Therewasamore（10），andpositive，changeintheeffectofaugmentationonemploymentin1980﹣2018，ascomparedto1940﹣1980.6．（2024•虹口区校级模拟）A．networkB．specifyC．traditionallyD．ingredientE．uneasyF．additionalG．culturallyH．blockI．determineJ．requirementK．criticalAmulticulturalpersonissomeonewhoisdeeplyconvincedthatallculturesareequallygood，enjoyslearningtherichvarietyofculturesintheworld，andmostlikelyhasbeenexposedtomorethanonecultureinhisorherlifetime．Youcannotmotivateanyone，especiallysomeoneofanotherculture，untilthatpersonhasacceptedyou．Amultilingualsalespersoncanexplaintheadvantagesofaproductinotherlanguages，butamulticulturalsalespersoncanmotivateforeignerstobuyit．That'sa（an）（1）difference．Noonelikesforeignerswhoarearrogant（自大的）abouttheirownculture．Thetroubleismostpeoplearearrogantlymonoculturalwithoutbeingawareofitandeventhosewhoarecan'thideit．Foreignerssensemonoculturalarroganceatonceandsetuptheirownculturalbarriers，whichmayeffectively（2）anyattemptbythemonoculturalpersontomotivatethem．Multiculturalismisa（an）（3）thathasbeenneglectedtooofteninhiringmanagersforinternationalpositions．Evenifyourcompanyisnotamultinationalone，chancesareyou'reintouchwithforeigncustomersormanufacturersDoyouhavetherightemployeetobuildupthe（4）？For20﹣oddyears，I'verunanexecutive﹣searchfirmfromBrussels．Whenclientsaskustofindtherightpersonforanewpan﹣Europeansalesormanagementposition，Istartbyaskingthemto（5）thequalificationstheiridealcandidatewouldhave．Mostoftentheylistthesamequalitiestheywouldwantforadomesticposition，butwiththe（6）requirementthatthenewmanagerbefluentenoughinEnglish，GermanandFrenchtocopewithfaxesandemail．Itsometimestakesmehourstopersuadeclientsthatthelinguistic（语言的）abilitiestheyseeascrucialarenotenough．Ofcourse，it'sfarmoredifficultto（7）candidatesmulticulturalismthanitistochecktheirlanguageskills﹣butit'salsoafarmoreimportant（8）tosuccess．IrememberacompanythataskedmetocheckoutasalesmantheywereplanningtosendtoMexico．He'dstudiedSpanish，andhadgrownupinNewYorkCity﹣themost（9）diverseplaceinAmerica．ButwhenIinterviewedhim，heturnedouttohavenoconceptofthegreatprideMexicanstookintheirculture，andmoreoverhewas（10）aboutMexicanrestaurantsandmarketsbeingdirtyandunsafe．IrejectedhimjustasMexicanbuyerswouldhaveifhe'dbeenselectedforthejob．7．（2025•上海一模）A.appealingB.attainableC.basicallyD.dramaticallyE.freedomF.kicksG.minimumH.prioritizesI.submitsJ.underlyingK.withdrawalFIREMovement：FinancialIndependence，RetireEarlyManyAmericansaretakingearlyretirementintotheirownhandsbyjoiningtheFIREmovement，butit'snotforeveryone."FinancialIndependence，RetireEarly"（FIRE）isalifestylemovementthat（1）extremesavingandinvestingtobeabletoretireearlierthantraditionalmethodsmightallow.ThegoalofFIREistoachievefinancial（2）soinvestorscanchoosehowtospendtheirtime."Theconceptofthemovementis（3）havingthefinancialflexibilitytohavetheultimatelifeflexibility，"saysRachaelBurns，afinancialplanneratTrueWorthFinancialPlanning，basedinFolsom，California.ANerdWalletsurveyfoundthatofAmericanswhoaren'tretiredyetbutplantoretire，25%wanttoretirebeforeage50and18%wanttoretireintheir50s.Theaverageagewas57，10yearsearlierthanthefullretirementagetogetSocialSecurity.PeoplewhouseFIREtoretireearlydosoby（4）reducingtheirexpenses，lookingforwaystoincreasetheirincome，andinvestingthemoneytheysaveinamixoftax﹣advantagedaccountsaswellasregularbrokerage（佣金）accounts.Retiringearlymightsound（5），buttherearerisks，andit'snotforeveryone.Forinstance，ifyoustopworking，you'llhavetoberesponsibleforyourownmedicalexpensesuntilMedicare（6）inaroundage65，andyourinvestmentsmaynotperformaswellasyouthought.Eitheroneofthosesituationscouldhaveconsequencessuchashavingtoraiseyour（7）rateorneedingtore﹣entertheworkforce.FIREalsorequirescuttingdownexpensestothebare（8）soyouhavemoreincometoinvest，whichnoteveryonecanafford."FIREisalong﹣termstrategy，andyoucan'tbetooreactivetoshort﹣termeconomicevents，"Burnssaid."Youmayneedtoadjustspendingorsavingincertainyearsbasedonmarketevents，butthe（9）strategyshouldstaythesame."Ifyoudon'tearnenoughtocoveryourbasicneedsandsavegreatlyforearlyretirementatthesametime，FIREmaynotbeforyou，Burnssays.Lackinganemergencyfundorowinghigh﹣interestdebtmaybeotherreasonsthatFIREmaynotbe（10）.8．（2025•金山区一模）A．accessB．firmlyC．groundedD．identityE．insistenceF．locallyG．luxuriousH．placeI．reducedJ．resistantK．scaleChangeofheartItwasOctober2005.Thedestructiveearthquake，killingsome79，000peopleinPakistan，IndiaandAfghanistanaweekearlier，had（1）thevalleytomudandbrokenstones.Lari，Pakistan'sfirstfemalearchitect，wastheretohelpleadthereconstructionofsettlements.Lariwasoncefamousfordesigningtowersofglassandconcrete.Overthedecades，shehasbeenknownasthe"starchitect"bytakingpartinmanycommercialprojects，attractedbytheircreativefreedom，largebudgetsand（2）materials.Accordingtoher，"itwasaveryexcitingfeeling."Yetshefoundwaystostay（3）."IrealizedIwasjustworkingwithrichpeople，"shesays.Shecouldnolongerjustifyfashioningbuildingsoutofunsustainablematerialslikemirroredglasswhenmillionshadlimited（4）tohousingandevenwater.That'swhyshedecidedtomoveon.Andhere，inthisdisaster﹣strickenarea，she'dbedrawingplanstomakehomes（5）toearthquakes，usingstoneandtimberdebris（木材碎片）.Pakistan'slocationandenvironment（6）itwithinthetoptencountriesmostimpactedbyclimatechangeeventhoughthecountryitselfemits（散发）lessthan1%ofglobalgreenhousegases.Ironically，rebuildingprojectsfundedbygovernmentstendtouseconcreteandmanyotherexpensive，non﹣localbuildingsupplies.Incontrast，Lari'sshelters，inspiredbytraditionaldesignsandmadewithsustainablematerialswhichcanbesourced（7），suchasbamboo，standuptodisastersbetter.Lari's（8）onlow﹣cost，zero﹣wasteandzero﹣carbonbuildingsreflectshercommitmenttotheplanet.Shesaysabout60，000zero﹣carbonhouseshavebeenbuiltsince2010.Next，shewantsto（9）upandrestoreonemillionhouseholds.Atage83，Laristilloftenrecallsofthoseearlydays.Ononevisit，villagerspulledouttheirbestchairsandtable."Theyhadlosteverything，"shesays，"buttheycoveredthisdamagedtablewithabeautifulcloth.Andthentheyserveduswiththeirbest﹣knownspecialties：biscuits，teaandeggs."Shesayssheisstillre﹣engineeringher（10）﹣from"starchitect"tohumanitarian.Anddoingdisaster﹣reliefworkfeelsdeeplyright.9．（2025•宝山区一模）A.available；B.informed；C.movement；D.generate；E.tourism；F.digitally；G.prevent；H.marketing；I.comfort；J.vividly；K.inaccessibleHaveyoueverlongedtotakeatrip，butyoujustdon'thavethetimeorthefinancialresources？Ifso，considertouringviavirtualreality（VR），whichhasembraced（拥抱）（1）withopenarms.Thisinnovativetechnologyisreshapingthewaypeopleexperiencedestinationsbybreakingdowngeographicalbarriersandprovidinguniquejourneys.AnAItouriscost﹣effectiveandallowsyoutoseetheworldwithoutleavingthe（2）ofyourlivingroom.Youmightarguethatyoudon'thaveaVRheadset（头戴装置），butnomatter.Twotravelstylesare（3）：monoscopicandstereoscopic.MonoscopicVRvideoscanbeviewedonamobilephoneoracomputer.Byclickingonordraggingacrossthescreentochangethefieldofview，youareabletoexploreanentirearea.StereoscopicVRvideosuseVRheadsetsthatmakeyoufeelasifyouwereactuallypresentatadestination.Thesoftwareintheheadsetstracksyourhead（4），sobyjustturningyourhead，youcanexploreeachnewsceneinamorerealisticway.Nomatterwhichmethodyouchooseto"travel，"thesevirtualtravelexperiencesaimtogiveyouacredibleexperience.Besidesinspectinganareathatyoumightwanttovisitbutcan't，youcanvirtuallypreviewaplaceandmakemore（5）decisionsaboutit.You'reabletoclearlyseetheexactlocationofahotelorthedistancefromittosurroundingattractions.Makenomistake，travelagencies，hotelsanddestination（6）organizationsareusingthistooltotheiradvantage.Bycreatingvirtualexperiences，businessescandazzle（使赞叹）theiraudienceand（7）interestinspecificdestinationsoraccommodations.VRintourismgoesbeyondleisure；italsoplaysavitalroleineducationandculturalpreservation.By（8）documenting，storingandsharingitsinformation，thenonprofitCyArkisaidinginthepreservationofendangeredculturalheritagesitesthroughVRexploration.Tofosterabroaderunderstandingoftheworld，studentscannowtakevirtualfieldtripstoformerly（9）historicalsitesandculturallandmarks.Peoplewithaccessibilitychallenges，suchasthosewithphysicaldisabilitiesorhealthconcernsthat（10）theirtravel，willenjoytheinclusiveapproachVRprovides.Literallyanyonecannowexperienceanadventure，virtually!Whetheryou'reunabletotravel，don'thaveenoughmoneyorprefertobeanarmchairtraveler，youcanstillexploretheworld.10．（2025•长宁区一模）A.adaptableB.broadenedC.dramaticallyD.handfulE.inevitablyF.likelihoodG.maintainedH.perceptionI.properlyJ.remarkableK.suggestedSenseofsmellthatseemsimpossibleHowdowesmellodours（气味）？Theansweristhattheolfactorybulb，astructureatthefrontofthebrain，playsavitalroleinourabilitytosmell.Or，atleast，sowethought.Researchershavenowdiscovereda（n）（1）ofwomenwhohaveaperfectlynormalsenseofsmellbutwhoseemtolackolfactorybulbs.Theteam，includingTaliWeissandNoamSobelattheSunshineInstituteofScienceinU.S.，sayalackofolfactorybulbsisunusualbutnot（2）：onein10，000peopledon'thavethem，butwehadbelievednonecouldsmell.However，inthecourseofastudyintopossiblelinksbetweenabilitytosmellandreproduction，theteamhappenedacrossa29﹣year﹣oldwomanwhowasdifferent：shelackedolfactorybulbsbut（3）thathersenseofsmellremainedverygood.Everytesttheresearchersthrewather（4）thatshedidindeedhaveagoodabilitytodistinguishodours，despitelackingtheolfactorybulbtypicallybelievednecessarytodoso.Theteam（5）thescopeofitsinvestigation，andfoundmorewomenlikethis，butnomenatall.Theresearcherswereabletoestimatethe（6）ofbeingawomanwhocansmellnormallywithoutthesebrainstructurestobeabout0.6percent.Strangely，theprobabilityofthishappeningisraised（7）inleft﹣handedwomen.Amongpeoplewhoareleft﹣handed，womenwholackolfactorybulbshavearoughly4percentchanceofstillbeingabletosmell（8）.Sobelsaysthismaybefurtherproofastohow（9）thebrainis：ifitlacksolfactorybulbs，itcanrecogniseitselfsootherbrainregionstakeonthetaskofodour（10）.Alternatively，thediscoveriesmighthintthatweknowlessaboutourabilitytosmellthanwethought.11．（2024•青浦区一模）A．currentlyB．elsewhereC．conductingD．instantlyE.curvedF.totalG.civiliansH.wavesI.crewedJ.setK.previousRecordNumberofPeopleinSpaceIt's"rushhour"inEarthorbitatthemoment.We'vereachedarecordnumberofhumansinspace，NASAannounces.CrewonboardtheRussianSoyuzcapsule，aflighttotheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）thattookplaceonSept.11，becamerecord﹣breakingspaceresidentsthisweek，asthenumber（1）uptothenow19humanslivingandworkinginspace.AUSastronautandtwoRussianastronautshavejoinednineothers（2）onboardtheISS，andthetwoastronautsenjoyinganextendedstay，ButchWilmoreandSuniWilliams.Therearethree"taikonauts"（3）inorbit—YeGuangfu，LiCong，andLiGuangsu—onboardtheChineseTiangongSpaceStation.Therearealsofour（4）inorbit—JaredIsaacman，ScottPoteet，SarahGillis，andAnnaMenon—whoaretakingpartinSpaceX'sPolarisDawnmission，andjustcarriedoutthefirst﹣everprivatespacewalkattheirownexpense.Withtheamountof19humans，itbeatsthe（5）recordforthemostamountofhumansinEarth'sorbitatonetime.Thatrecordwas（6）lastyearinMay2023when17peoplewereinorbit，includingastronautFrankRubiowhowasalsoonanunplannedextendedstay.Bearinmindthattheepisodeofthepresenttimeisnottherecordforthelargestnumberofpeopleinspace.UsingtheUSdefinitionofspaceat80kilometers（50miles），thatrecordwasbrokeninMay2023whena（n）（7）of20peoplewereinspace.ThisinvolvedpeopleontheISSandtheTiangongspacestation，plustwoprivatesub﹣orbitalspaceventuresbyVirginandAxiomSpace.Sub﹣orbitalflightsdonotorbittheEarth.Instead，theyfollowa（n）（8）trajectory（轨迹）thatreachestheedgeofspaceandthenfallbacktoEarth.ButbacktoSeptember2024，thepresentPolarisDawnmissionisparticularlynovelandexciting.TravelinginaCrewDragonspacecraftisthefurthestdistancefromEarththata（n）（9）vehiclehasflownsincetheeraoftheApolloprograminthe1960sandearly1970s.GillisandMenonalsoearntherecordforthefurthestawomanhaseverflownfromEarth.OnSeptember12，thePolarisDawnmissionmadeevenmorehistoryby（10）thefirstspacewalkeverattemptedbyprivatecitizensusingSpaceX'snewlydesignedspacesuits.12．（2024•闵行区一模）A．displayB．featuresC．homeD．peakE.timingF.massG.equivalentH.favorI.extensiveJ.upsetsK.distinctionTheAtacamaDesertstretchesalongthecoastofnorthernChile，coveringover40，000squaremilesofdryland.Ithasareputationastheharshestdesertintheworld，althoughthat（1）technicallybelongstotheAntarcticadesert.Infact，someweatherstationsintheAtacamahaveneverrecordedrainfall.Despitethesevereconditions，theAtacamaDesertis（2）toasurprisingnumberofplantspecies，manyofwhichhaveevolvedtosurvivelongperiodsofdrought.Theseflowerslieinactive，comingtolifeinabreathtaking（3）thatcanstretchacrossthousandsofsquarekilometerswhenconditionsarefavorable.Thisphenomenoniscalledadesertbloom.Itoccurswheninfrequentrainscausea（n）（4）growthofseedsthathavelaininactiveinthesoilforyears.Theseseedsarecapableofresistingextremeheatandextendeddryness.Thecurrentfloweringisn'tyet（5）enoughtoberegardedasadesertbloom，coveringonlyafewhundredsquarekilometers.Buthere'sthestrangething：thisphenomenonusuallyhappensinthespring.Now，inChile，it'swinter—soit'sunusuallyearlyforsomethinglikethistohappen.ElNiño，anaturalclimatephenomenonthatinfluencesglobalweather，oftenplaysacrucialroleinthedesertbloom.However，itisnotyetconfirmedwhetheritistoblameforthe（6）ofthisbloom.Thisphenomenon（7）normalweatherpatterns，regularlybringingincreasedrainfalltoregionsthataretypicallydry.InthecaseoftheAtacamadesert，itcanleadtooccasionalbutsignificantrainevents，whichcreatestheperfectconditionsforadesertbloom.Thedesertbloom（8）acollectionofnativeflowers，eachofwhichhasadapteditselfuniquelytotheharshenvironment.Thecurrentevent，however，seemsto（9）aspecificpurpleflowerthatdoesn'tneedalotofwaterandgrowsinsandysites.Atits（10），adesertbloomcanincludeupto200species，showcasingthetoughnessoflifeinthisunpleasantenvironment.13．（2025•虹口区一模）A．arguably；B．fed；C．match；D．corresponding；E．determine；F．hint；G．implications；H．noticeably；I．self﹣fulfilling；J．substantial；K．taskedPeopleAlterTheirAppearancetoSuitTheirNamesAnewstudyhasfoundthatpeoplet