高一英语外研版单元检测：ModuleGreatScientists

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Module4GreatScientists单元检测第一部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1．LastmonthItravelledacrosstheSaharaDesertby______camelwithsomelocals.What______amazingexperience!A．the；anB．a；/C．/；theD．/；an2．Eversincethatpoliticalparty______lastyeartookmanyeffectivemeasurestodeveloptheeconomy，greatchangeshave______。A．cametopower;takenplaceB．comingtopower;takenplaceC．cametopower；beentakenplaceD．comingtopower；beentakenplace3．It______tenyearstogrowtreesandahundredyearsto______people。Wecan'tbeeagerforquicksuccessandinstantbenefit.A．spends；plantB．spends；educateC．takes；plantD．takes；educate4．Patienceisanimportant______ofahappyandrewardinglife。Afterall，somethingsareworthwaitingfor。A．lessonB．experienceC．purposeD．quality5．—Workersinthisdepartmentarenotdoingtheirduties.—Advancedwaysofmanagementmustbe______tomakethingsbetter。A．broughtdownB．broughtinC．broughtonD．broughtup6．IntheUK，peopleconsume______meatproductssuchaschicken，beef，porkandlamb。A．alargeamountofB．aplentyofC．alargequantityD．quantitiesof7．Thekey______ourproblemisthatwemusthaveenoughmoney。A．forB．toC．inD．on8．-Whataboutthepriceofpetrolnow？-Ithasbeen______20percentsincethebeginningofthisyear.A．increasedtoB．risenbyC．increasedbyD．risento9．Scientistssaytheyarebeginningto______inthefightagainstsomespecialillnesses。A．breakdownB．breakupC．breakoutD．breakthrough10．Thenumberofdeathsfromheartdiseasewillbereducedgreatlyifpeople______toeatmorefruitandvitamins。A．persuadeB．willpersuadeC．bepersuadeD．arepersuaded11．Inthehuntforasafercigarette，electroniccigarettesarebecomingapopularoptionamongthosewhoarelookingforto______standardtobaccosmokewithanalternative.A．replaceB．inplaceofC．insteadofD．taketheplace12．Heisknown______hisbeingontime，sowedon'tknowthereason______hisbeinglatethistime.A．for;ofB．as；forC．for;forD．of；of13．Itlookslikemycousin，butIdon’trememberhim______apairofglasses。A．towearB．woreC．wearD．wearing14．Attheendofthemeeting，it______thatanagreement______.A．announced;wasreachedB．wasannounced;wasreachedC．wasannounced；hasbeenreachedD．wasannounced；hadbeenreached15．NataliePortmanwasawardedtheAcademyAwardforBestActressatthe2011Oscars______herperfectperformanceinBlackSwan.A．inneedofB．asaresultofC．incaseofD．insteadof第二节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Afamousscientistwasaskedwhyhewasabletobesomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson。Whatmadehimso__16__fromothers？He__17__thatitallcamefroma（n)__18__thathappenedwhenhewasthree。Hewastryingto__19__abottleofmilkfromthefridgewhenhelostholdofthebottle，spilling（泼洒）itscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor。__20__yelling（大叫）athim,hismothersaid，“Robert，whatawonderful__21__youhavemade！Ihave__22__seensuchahugepuddleofmilk。Sincethe__23__isdone，wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforawhile__24__cleaningitup？”Indeed，hedid。“Robert，__25__youmakeamesslikethis,__26__youhavetocleanitupandputeverythingtoits__27__order。”Andthentogethertheycleanedupthespilledmilk.Hismotherthensaid，“Robert，thatisa__28__experimentinhowto__29__carryabigmilkbottle。Let'sgooutintheyardand__30__thebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucan__31__awaytocarryabottleofwaterwithoutdroppingit.”Thescientistsaidhelearnedfromthatmomentthatmistakeswerejust__32__forlearningsomethingnew,whichis__33__scientificexperimentsareallabout.Eveniftheexperiment“doesn'twork"，weusuallylearnsomething__34__fromit。Wouldn’titbegreatifall__35__woulddolikeRobert’smother?16．A．goodB．differentC．luckyD．creative17．A．answeredB．arguedC．agreedD．approved18．A．experimentB．accidentC．experienceD．event19．A．putB．returnC．moveD．remove20．A．InsteadofB．WhileC．WhenD．Becauseof21．A．mistakeB．messC．trickD．plan22．A．alwaysB．oftenC．seldomD．ever23．A．damageB．businessC．favorD．harm24．A．beforeB．afterC．withD．without25．A．whateverB．howeverC．whereverD．whenever26．A．especiallyB．finallyC．quicklyD．regularly27．A．exactB．averageC．properD．natural28．A．failedB．forbiddenC．requiredD．deserved29．A．hopefullyB．immediatelyC．confidentiallyD．successfully30．A．putB．takeC．tryD．fill31．A．developB．graspC．inventD．discover32．A．lessonsB．chancesC．qualitiesD．purposes33．A．thatB．whereC．whatD．which34．A．availableB．valuableC．practicalD．enjoyable35．A．managersB．directorsC．parentsD．relatives第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。ADoyousupposeDarwin，oneofthegreatestscientistsofalltime，reallydidfoolishexperiments？Ordidhedoexperimentsthatweresosimpleandbasicthatotherpeoplejustthoughttheywerefoolish?Sometimes,peoplethinktheyalreadyknowtheanswertoaquestionorthesolution（解决办法)toaproblem。Sometimes，theyreallydoknowananswerorasolution，butwithoutthinkingtheyareimportant。CharlesDarwindidn’tsettlefor（满足于）justthinkingheknewsomething.And，hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe。Supposeyoudropsheetsofpaperthatareofexactlythesamesizeandshape。Ifyoudropthematthesametimeinthesameplace，theywillfallinthesameway.Nowmakeoneofthesheetsofpaperintoatight（紧的）littleballandletitdropalongwiththeothersheets。Whathappens？Youhavedoneanexperimentthatissosimplethatyoumightthinkitcouldn'tbeworthanything。Butthissimpleexperimentisimportant。Itexplainspartofourpresent­dayunderstandingsofphysics,ideasthatwereworkedoutlongagobyGalileoandNewton.Andtheseunderstandingsset_asidesomeofancientGreekphysics。Scientistsometimesstopstolookatverysimplethingsandtothinkveryhardaboutthem。Eventhesimplestidea，whichwemightthinkisfoolish,canshakethefoundationsofscience。36．ThepassagetellsusthatCharlesDarwin______.A．wasagreatEnglishscientistB．alwayslikeddoingtheexperimentsthatothersthoughtdifficultC．thoughteventhesimplestthingwasimportantD．didn'tgetwellwithothers37．Thephrase“setaside”mostprobablymeans“______”.A．throwawayB．storeupC．puttouseD．realize38．Theauthorofthepassagetriesto______。A．convinceusthatCharlesDarwin,GalileoandNewtonarethegreatestscientistsintheworldB．drawtheconclusionthatbasicsciencesaresimplethingsC．provethattwosheetsofpaper，withthesamesizeandshape,willfallatthesamespeedD．drawourattentiontoeverydayhappeningsaroundus39．WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Darwinreallydidfoolishexperiments。B．AccordingtosomepeopleDarwindidfoolishexperiments.C．Itisbelievedbyallthepeoplethatthingscouldbeimportantthoughtheyseemtobesimple。D．GalileoandNewtonworkedoutancientGreekphysics.BRollinguphersleevestomakeacupoftea，SarahBrownsetthetonefortheday。Whiletheirhusbandstriedtorescuetheglobaleconomy，MrsBrownandMichelleObamashowedthereareother，smallerwaystomakeadifference。Thetwowomendemonstratedtheirdown。to。earthtouchastheyvisitedacancercarecentreinLondonyesterdaymorning.WhileMrsObamabusiedherselfintalkingtopatientsandfamilies，MrsBrownputthekettleon.TheFirstLadywasintroducedtoTrudiCogdell，whoiscurrentlyonherthirdcourseoftreatmenttogiveherthemaximumtimepossiblewithherchildren。The44­year­oldmothersaidlastnightthatsheexpectedMrsObamatokeepherdistance.Instead，theFirstLadyhuggedMrsCogdell'stwoyoungestchildren—Maysie，eight，andfive。year­oldPresley.MrsCogdell，whoismarriedtoJohn,38，said，“StafftoldmethatI’dbesittingonthesofawithmykidsandshe’dstandafewmetresaway。Butassoonasshewalkedinthedoorshecameandsatdownrightnexttome.Shesaid“Comeon，bighugs”，andsheembracedmeandmytwochildren。Sheadded，“Shewasaskingalotaboutmycancer.It'sterminal。Theycan'tdoanything。"“I’vegotcancerinmybreasts，liverandbonesandI’monmythirdcourseofmycancer。Michellejustsaid，‘Bestrong.'Shesaid,‘Youknowwhatyou'redoing，staypositive，keepgoing。’ItoldherI'mnotgoinganywhere。IpointedtomytwokidsMaysieandPresleyandtoldherthatwaswhy。I'vegotthreeolderchildren。Ican'tleavethem."Maggie'sCentre，whichhelpscancersufferersandtheirfamilieswithinformation，practicaladviceandemotionalsupport，wasopenedlastAprilbyMrsBrown。Despiteanundoubtedlybusyschedule，thePresident'swiferemainedrelaxed，introducingherselftoeveryonepersonallyasMichelle。ThefirstWivesmetatDowningStreetbeforebreakfastandtravelledtothecancercentre40．Howmanychildrendoesthe44.year。oldmotherhave?A．2。B．3.C．4.D．5.41．WhydothetwoFirstLadiestriptoMaggie'sCentre？A．Tohelptheirhusbandsrescuetheglobaleconomyinotherways.B．Toshowtheworldthattheycareabouttheordinarypeople。C．Todosomeworkforthecentresincethereisashortageofstaff.D．Tomakeeffortstohelpwhoeverneedshelp.42．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsthistrip?A．Beinginterested。B．Feelingbored.C．Thinkinghighly。D．Havingalowopinion。CJohnWheeler，theUSphysicistwhocoinedtheterm“blackhole”，diedattheageof96athisNewJerseyhomeon13Aprilofpneumonia（肺炎)．Wheeler,aprofessoratPrincetonUniversity，wasoneofAlbertEinstein’slastcollaborators（合作者）。PresidentGeorgeW．Bushsaidhewassaddenedbythedeathof“oneofAmerica’sgreatestphysicists”whohad“workedonprojectsthatchangedthecourseofhistory".Theexpression“blackhole”becomesatermeveryoneknowsafterheusedittodescribethephenomenonofastardisappearingintosuchadensecorethatlightcannotescapefromit.BorninJacksonville，Florida,in1911，Wheelerwas21whenheearnedhisdoctorateinphysicsfromJohnsHopkinsUniversity.Inthemid­1930s，hetravelledtoDenmarktostudyforayearwithNielsBohr，whowonhisNobelforworkdescribingthenatureoftheatom。DuringWorldWarⅡ，hejoinedtheManhattanProject,theefforttocreateanatomicbombfortheUS。Unlikesomecolleagues（同事）regrettingtheirrolesafterthebombsweredroppedonJapan,Wheelerregrettedthatworkonthebombhadn'tstartedearlier，feelingitwouldhavesavedmillionsoflivesincludingthatofhisbrotherJoe，whodiedfromfightinginItaly.Thephysicistremainedsufferingfromanotehereceivedin1944fromJoewhichcontainedtwowords：“Hurryup"．HelaterhelpedphysicistEdwardTellerdeveloptheevenmorepowerfulhydrogen（氢）bomb.In1953，whiletravellingonasleepercartoWashingtonD．C.，Wheelermisplacedaclassified(分类的)paperonthehydrogenbombinhisbriefcase。HewaspersonallyblamedattheorderofPresidentEisenhower。ProfessorWheelermovedtotheUniversityofTexasin1976becausehewasfacingretirementatPrinceton.43．Theunderlinedword“coined”inParagraph1means“______”.A．studiedB．borrowedC．createdD．discovered44．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatJoeaskedWheelertohurryupto______。A．savehislifeB．throwbombsonJapanC．gotoItalytohelphimD．developtheatomicbomb45．Whowasthefirsttodevelopthepowerfulhydrogenbomb?A．EdwardTeller.B．JohnWheeler。C．AlbertEinstein.D．NielsBohr.46．Whatcanweknowfromthetext？A．JohnWheelerwaseverblamedbyEisenhowerhimself.B．JohnWheelereverworkedtogetherwithAlbertEinstein。C．JohnWheelerretiredattheUniversityofTexasD．JohnWheelerregrettedhavingdevelopedtheatomicbomb.DFlorenceRenaSabinwasanAmericanmedicalscientist.Shewasapioneerofwomaninscience，andin1951shereceivedaLaskerAwardforhergreatwork.FlorenceRenaSabinwasborninCentralCity，Colorado,onNovember9,1871。ShegraduatedfromSmithCollegein1893，enteredtheJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinein1896，andwasthefirstwomantograduatefromthatuniversity.SixyearslatershebecameateacheratJohnsHopkins。In1917shewasthefirstwomantobecomeafullprofessor（正教授）atamedicalcollege.In1924SabinbecamethefirstwomanpresidentoftheAssociationofAnatomistsandthefirstlifetimewomanmemberoftheNationalAcademyofSciences。InSeptember1925shebecameheadoftheDepartmentofCellularStudiesattheRockefellerInstituteforMedicalResearchinNewYorkCity.Beforethat，therewasnowomanholdingthatposition(职位）．In1944shecameoutofasix。yearretirementtoacceptColoradogovernorJohnVivian'srequesttoworkforpeople'shealthinthestate.Thisresultedinthe“SabinHealthLaws"，whichmodernized（使现代化）thestate'spublichealthsystem。In1948shebecamemanagerofhealthandcharitiesforthecityofDenver，donatinghersalarytomedicalresearch。Sheretiredagainin1951anddiedonOctober3,1953.In1959，thestateofColoradodonatedastatue（雕像）ofSabintotheNationalStatuaryHallCollection.In2005，theJohnsHopkinsUniversitySchoolofMedicinecommemoratedSabinbynamingoneofitsfourcollegesafterher。Sabinsetagoodexampletoallwomen.Shelikedtostudyhistory，teaching,photographingandsocialwork.Shewasreallyawell。rounded(全才的，全面发展的）woman。47．Howmanydifferentrolesdidsheplayasthefirstwoman？A．Three.B．Four。C．Five。D．Six。48．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______。A．FlorenceRenaSabinfirstretiredin1951B．SabinonceworkedforthecityofDenverC．fourcollegeswerenamedafterSabinintheUSAD．astatueofSabinstoodinJohns49．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“commemorated”inParagraph4probablymean？A．Rememberedandrespectedsb。B．Providedwhatwaswanted.C．Gavesb.support.D．Madesb。happy。50．Thepassageiswrittenbytheorderof______。A．importanceB．timeC．theplaceD．interest第二节（共5小题；每小题2分,满分10分）根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项.选项中有两项为多余选项。TheAmericanbook“WhoMovedMyCheese”hasbeenabest。sellerallovertheworld.__51__.NowitsauthorSpenceJohnsonhaswrittenabookjustforteenagers。Thebooktellsusthatwhenfacingchangeinourlives，likeanewschoolornewfriends,don'tbeafraid.Instead，usethesechangestomakeabetterlife。__52__。Aschoolischangingfromhavingtwotermstothreetermsbecausetherearetoomanystudents。Severalteenagersaretalkingaboutthis。Mostofthemareunhappyandworried.ButChrislaughsandtellsastoryabouttwomice,twolittlepeopleandsomecheese.__53__.Here，cheesemeanssomethingimportantinlife，likemovingtoanewclassorgettingintocollege。__54__。Themicerealizethattheycan’tchangewhathashappenedandhavetofindmorecheese.__55__.Thelittlepeople，however，can’tdothis。Theyareafraidofchangingsotheyfindnocheese.AfterChrisfinishesthestory,thefriendsunderstandonething：togetmorecheese，moveinanewdirectionquickly。Hisfriendsunderstandhowthiscanbeusedinthechangesallteenagersface，suchasdoingwellatschoolorhavinggoodrelationshipsorjustfeelinggoodaboutyourself。A．IttellsastorywhichhappenedbetweenmiceandpeopleB．ItteachespeoplehowtofacechangesintheirliversC．ButtheyfindthecheeseisgoneD．However，somestrangethingshappenedinaschoolE．ThebookgivesanexampleofachangeatschoolF．ThefourareinamazelookingforthecheeseG．Thismeansfindingdifferentdreams第三部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假如英语课上老师要求同学们交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1。每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。GalileoGalilei，oneofthegreatestscientist，wasborninItaly。Helikeddoingexperimentstotestiftheprevioustheorieswerecorrectornot.IntheleaningTowerofPisaintheirhometown，hefoundthetruthaboutfallingobjectsthroughgreatexperiment。Healwaysobservedthingscarefullyandnevertakeanythingforgranted.AlthoughGalileofounditdifficultyforhimtomakepeoplebelievethathistheorieswerecorrect，hewasstillstucktohisviews.Hisobservationsshowedthetheorywhentheearthmovesaroundthesun，nototherwayaround.Itwasonlylaterthattheworldrecognizedhisgreatness.第二节书面表达(满分25分)用英语写一篇介绍查尔斯·达尔文（CharlesDarwin）的100词左右的短文.人物：查尔斯·达尔文。生平：1890年2月2日出生在离塞文河（theRiverSevern）不远的一个家庭里，十六岁时，达尔文入爱丁堡大学学医(EdinburghUniversity).后来，他又被送到剑桥大学（CambridgeUniversity）学习,并于1931年毕业。达尔文持续不断地从事他的科学研究。直到1882年逝世。他被安葬在伦敦威斯特敏斯特教堂（WestministerAbbey)。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第一部分第一节1。答案：D解析：bycamel意为“通过骆驼，骑骆驼"，不须加冠词。据句意可知此处experience为可数名词,表示“经历"，故正确答案为D项。2。答案:B解析：考查非谓语动词和语态。句意：自从去年上台执政的政党采取了很多发展经济的有效措施,发生了很大的变化。在eversince引导的从句中，took是句子的谓语，因此cometopower（上台执政)在句中是非谓语，用动词.ing形式，表示主动；takeplace（发生）无被动语态。故答案选B项。3。答案:D解析:句意：十年树木，百年树人，我们不能急功近利.Ittakessometimetodosth.“做某事花费……时间"，为固定句式;educate“教育”，其宾语是人,而plant“种植”,其宾语应是树，故答案为D项。4。答案：D解析：lesson“教训"；experience“经历”；purpose“目的"；quality“品质，特性”.根据句意可知，耐心应是一种品质。5。答案:B解析：句意：—-这个部门的工人根本不负责任。——必须引进先进的管理方法来使情况有所好转。bringdown“使倒下”;bringin“引进”；bringon“导致”；bringup“教育,培养”.故B项符合语境语义要求。6。答案:D解析：句意:在英国人们消费大量的肉制品，比如鸡肉、牛肉、猪肉和羊肉。alargeamountof修饰不可数名词；plentyof修饰可数或不可数名词;alargequantityof或quantitiesof修饰可数或不可数名词,故正确答案为D项。7。答案:B解析：句意：我们问题的关键在于我们必须有足够的资金.thekey经常与介词to连用，构成固定短语,表示“……的关键/答案”.其余选项在结构和语义上均有错误.故选B项。8。答案：C解析:考查固定搭配。句意：——现在汽油的价格怎样了？——自从年初以来，已经上涨20%了.increase。..by表示“增长了……”,要用被动语态，by表幅度；如果用rise，因是不及物动词，要用主动语态。increase。。.to表示“增加到……"。故答案选C项。9。答案：D解析：句意：科学家们说,他们在攻克一些特殊疾病方面开始有所突破。breakthrough“突破”；breakdown“打破，破除”；breakup“打碎，拆散”;breakout“突然发生”.故只有D项符合语境语义。10。答案：D解析：句意：如果人们多吃水果和维生素，死于心脏病的人数会大大降低.依据逻辑关系可判断，此处应用被动语态,排除A、B两项；C项形式不对，故选D项。11.答案：A解析：句意：在寻找更安全香烟的过程中，电子香烟这一选择日益受到想替换普通烟雾的人们的欢迎。replace“取代，代替”；inplaceof与insteadof为介词短语,表“代替”;taketheplaceof“代替”.故正确选项为A项。12。答案:C解析:beknownfor“因……而出名"；beknownas“作为……而出名,被称作”；thereasonfor.。.“……的原因（理由）”。13。答案：D解析：“记得某人做了某事"。此处remember后接动词­ing形式。14.答案：D解析：考查动词的时态及语态。it和announce之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，agreement和reach之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，因此排除A项;“reach"所表示的动作先于announce发生，因此选D项。15.答案：B解析:inneedof“需要”；asaresultof“由于,因为……”；incaseof“以防万一”；insteadof“代替,而不是”。结合句意可知正确答案应为B项.第二节16.答案：B解析：从后面的介词from可知答案.differentfrom意为“有别于……”。17。答案：A解析：这位科学家回答说这归因于自己三岁时候的一次经历。18。答案：C解析:从下文判断，他三岁时撒了牛奶，这是一次“经历”，而不是一个“实验”或“事故”.19.答案：D解析：他试图把牛奶从冰箱中拿出来，即“移走”牛奶。20.答案:A解析：他的母亲没有对他大声斥责，而是……。用Insteadof表示“不是……,而是……”。21.答案：B解析：母亲却对他说：“你把东西弄乱了，但这多美妙啊！"表示“凌乱"，用名词mess。22.答案:C解析：母亲说，很少见到这么多牛奶撒在地上。23.答案:A解析：既然损失已经造成，你就在里面多玩会儿吧。24。答案：A解析：母亲让他一会以后再把牛奶清理干净,用before引导时间状语从句.25。答案：D解析：母亲教育他，每当弄乱了东西应该怎么去做。26.答案:B解析：最终你得把它们收拾好。27。答案：C解析：然后让一切恢复正常的秩序。28.答案：A解析：母亲继续教导他：你的尝试失败了。29.答案:D解析：怎样成功地拿走一大瓶牛奶.30。答案：D解析：此处的意思是：往瓶中装满水。31。答案：D解析:母亲引导儿子，看能否找到拿走一大瓶水的办法.32.答案：B解析:儿子从母亲的教导中感悟出了一个道理：犯错误为学习新东西提供了机遇。33.答案：C解析:what引导表语从句，说明了从错误中学习正是科学实验的本质所在。34.答案：B解析:即使实验失败了,我们也能从中学到有价值的东西。35。答案：C解析：作者最后感叹：如果所有的父母亲都像这位科学家的母亲一样就好了。第二部分第一节36。答案：C解析：推理判断题。短文并没有说查尔斯·达尔文是哪个国家的科学家，可排除A项;文中并未提及达尔文喜欢作很难的实验,可把B项排除；文中没有论述达尔文与别人相处的事情,可排除D项.由“..。hebelievedallthingscouldbeimportanthoweversimpletheyseemedtobe.(Para3）"可推出答案为C项。37.答案：A解析：词义猜测