大学英语六级真题及答案解析

2012年6月16日大学英语六级考试真题附答案

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacomposition

onthetopicTheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication.Youshould

writeatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

TheImpactoftheInternetonInterpersonalCommunication

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(ISminutes)

Directions:Inthispart.Youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassage

quicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)、B)、C)andD).Forquestions8-10,

completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

TheThree-YearSolution

HartwickCollege,asmallliberal-artsschoolinupstateNewYork,makesNew

York,makesthisoffertowellpreparedstudents:earnyourundergraduatedegreein

threeyearsinsteadoffour,andsaveabout543,000一theamountofoneyear'stuition

andfees.Anumberofinnovativecollegesaremakingthesameoffertostudents

anxiousaboutsavingtimeandmoney.That'sbothanopportunityandawarningfor

thebesthigher-educationsystemintheworld.

TheUnitedStateshasalmostalloftheworld'sbestuniversities.ArecentChinese

surveyranks35Americanuniversitiesamongthetop50,eightamongthetop10.Our

researchuniversitieshavebeenthekeytodevelopingthecompetitiveadvantagesthat

helpAmericansproduce25%ofalltheworld'swealth.In2007,623,805ofthe

world'sbrighteststudentswereattractedtoAmericanuniversities.

Yet,therearesignsofperil(危|e)withinAmericanhighereducation.U.S.

collegeshavetocompeteinthemarketplace.Studentsmaychooseamong6,000

public,private,nonprofit,forprofit,orreligiousinstitutionsofhigherlearning.In

addition,almostallofthe532billionthefederalgovernmentprovidesforuniversity

researchisawardedcompetitively.

Butmanycollegesanduniversitiesarestuckinthepast.Forinstance,theideaof

thefall-to-spring^schoolyear"hasn'tchangedmuchsincebeforetheAmerican

Revolution,whenwewereasummerstretchnolongermakessense.FormerGeorge

WashingtonUniversitypresidentStephenTrachtenbergestimatesthatatypical

collegeusesitsfacilitiesforacademicpurposesalittlemorethanhalfthecalendar

year."Whilecollegefacilitiessitidle,theycontinuetogeneratemaintenanceexpenses

thatcontributetothehighcostofrunningacollege,,9hehaswritten.

Withinacademicdepartments,tenure（终身职位），combinedwith

age-discriminationlaws,makesfacultyturnover-criticalforauniversitytoremain

currentinchangingtimes-difficult.Insteadofprotectingspeechandencouraging

diversityandinnovativethinking,thetenuresystemoftenstifles（压制）them:younger

professorsmustwintheapprovalofestablishedcolleaguesfortenure,encouraging

like-mindednessandsometimesinhibitingthefreeflowofideas.

Meanwhile,tuitionhassoared,leavinggraduatingstudentswithunprecedented

loandebt.Strongcampuspresidentstomanagetheseproblemsarebecomingharder

tofind,andtokeep.Infact,studentsnowstayoncampusalmostaslongastheir

presidents.Theaverageamountoftimestudentsnowtaketocompletean

undergraduatedegreehasstretchedtosixyearsandsevenmonthsasstudents

inteiTuptedbywork,inconveniencedbyunavailableclasses,orluredbyonemore

footballseasonfindithardtograduate.

CongresshastriedtohelpstudentswithcollegecoststhroughPellGrantsand

otherformsoftuitionsupport.Butsomeoftheirfixeshavemadetheproblemworse.

Thestackofcongressionalregulationsgoverningfederalstudentgrantsandloansnow

standstwiceastallasIdo.Fillingouttheseformsconsumes7%ofeverytuition

dollar.

Forallofthesereasons,somecollegeslikeHartwickarerethinkingtheoldway

ofdoingthingsandquestioningdecades-oldassumptionsaboutwhatacollegedegree

means.Forinstance,whydoesithavetotakefouryearstoearnadiploma?Thisfall,

16first-yearstudentsandfoursecond-yearstudentsatHartwickenrolledinthe

school'snewthreeyeardegreeprogram.Accordingtothecollege,theplanis

designedforhigh-ability,highlymotivatedstudentwhowishtosavemoneyorto

movealongmorerapidlytowardadvanceddegrees.

Byeliminatingthatextrayear,thereyeardegreestudentssave25%incosts.

Insteadoftaking30creditsayear,thesestudentstake40.DuringJanuary,Hartwick

runsafourweekcourseduringwhichstudentsmayearnthreetofourcreditsonoroff

campus,includinganumberofinternationalsites.Summercoursesarenotrequired,

butastudentmayenrollinthem-andpayextra.Threeyearstudentsgetfirstcrackat

courseregistration.Therearenochangesinthenumberofcoursesprofessorsteachor

intheirpay.

Thethree-yeardegreeisn'tanewidea.Geniuseshavealwaysbreezedthrough.

JudsonCollege,a350-studentinstitutioninAlabama,hasofferedstudentsa

three-yearoptionfor40years.Studentsattend“shortterms“inMayandJunetoearn

thecreditsrequiredforgraduation.BatesCollegeinMaineandBallStateUniversity

inIndianaareamongothercollegesofferingthree-yearoptions.

Changesatthehigh-schoollevelarealsohelpingtomakeiteasierformany

studentstoearntheirundergraduatedegreesinlesstime.Oneoffivestudentsarrives

atcollegetodaywithAdvancedPlacement（AP）creditsamountingtoasemesteror

moreofcollegelevelwork.Manyuniversities,includinglargeschoolslikethe

UniversityofTexas,makeiteasyfortheseAPstudentstograduatefaster.

Forstudentswhodon'tplantostopwithanundergraduatedegree,thethree-year

planmayhaveanevengreaterappeal.Dr.JohnSergent,headofVanderbilt

UniversityMedicalSchool'sresidency（住院医生）program,enrolledinVanderbilt's

undergraduatecollegein1959.Heenteredmedicalschoolafteronlythreeyearsasdid

fourorfiveofhisclassmates79Myfirstyearofmedicalschoolcountedasmysenior

year,whichmeantIhadtotakethreetofourlabsaweektogetallmysciencesin.I

basicallyskippedmysenioryear,“saysSergent.Hestillhadtimetobeastudent

senatorandmeethiswife.

Thereare,however,drawbackstomovingthroughschoolatsuchabriskpace.

Forone,itdeprivesstudentsoftheluxuryoftimetoroam（遨游）intellectually.

Compressingeverythingintothreeyearsalsoleaveslesstimefbrgrowingup,

engaginginextracurricularactivities,andstudyingabroad.Oncrowdedcampusesit

couldmeanfeweropportunitiestogetintoaprizedprofessor'sclass.Iowa'sWaldorf

Collegehasgraduatedseveralhundredstudentsinitsthree-yeardegreeprogram,but

itnowphasingouttheoption.MostWaldorfstudentswantedthefullfour-year

experience-academically,socially,andathletically.Andfacultymemberswillbe

waryofanychangethatthreatensthecorecurriculuminthenameofmovingstudents

intotheworkforce.

“Mosthighgovernmentalofficialsseemtoconceiveofeducationinthis

light—asawaytoensureeconomiccompetitivenessandcontinuedeconomic

growth,“DerekBok,formerpresidentofHarvard,toldTheWashingtonPost."I

stronglydisagreewiththisapproach.Anotherrisk:thenewcampusschedulesmight

eventuallyproducelessrevenuefortheinstitutionandlongerworkinghoursfor

facultymembers.

Adoptingathree-yearoptionwillnotcomeeasilytomostschool.Thosethat

wishtotackletraditionandmakeAmericancampusmorecost-consciousmayfindit

easiertotakeTrachtenberg'sadvice:opencampusesyear-round/4Youcouldruntwo

completecolleges,withtwocompletefaculties,“hesays."That'swithoutcuttingthe

lengthofstudents'vacations,increasingclasssizes,orrequiringfacultytoteach

more.^^

Whethertheyexperimentwiththree-yeardegrees,offeryear-roundclasses,

challengethetenuresystem-oralloftheabove-universitiesareslowlyrealizing

thattostaycompetitiveandrelevanttheymustadapttoarapidlychangingworld.

Expandingthethree-yearoptionmaybedifficult,butitmaybelessdifficultthan

askingCongressforadditionalfinancialhelp,askinglegislatorsformorestatesupport,

oraskingstudentsevenhighertuitionpayments.Campuseswillingtoadopt

convenientschedulesalongwithmorefocused,less-expensivedegreesmayfindthat

theyhaveacompetitiveadvantageinattractingbright,motivatedstudents.Thesesorts

ofinnovationscanhelpAmericanuniversitiesavoidtheperilsofsuccess.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.WhydidHartwickCollegestartthree-yeardegreeprograms?

A)Tocreatechancesforthepoor.C)Toenrollmorestudents.

B)Tocutstudents5expenses.D)Tosolveitsfinancialproblems.

2.ByquotingStephenTrachtenbergtheauthorwantstosaythat.

A)Americanuniversitiesareresistanttochange

B)thesummervacationcontributestostudentgrowth

C)collegefacilitiescouldbeputtomoreeffectiveuse

D)thecostsofrunningauniversityaresoaring

3.TheauthorthinksthetenuresysteminAmericanuniversities.

A)suppressescreativehinkingC)guaranteesacademicfeedom

B)createsconflictsamongcolleaguesD)isasignofagediscrimination

4.Whatissaidaboutthenewthree-yeardegreeprogramatHartwick?

A)Itsstudentshavetoearnmorecreditseachyear.

B)Non-creditcoursesareeliminatedaltogether.

C)Itsfacultymembersteachmorehoursaweek.

D)Somesummercoursesareofferedfreeofcharge.

5.WhatdowelearnaboutJudsonCollege'sthree-yeardegreeprogram?

A)Ithasbeenrunningforseveraldecades.

B)Itisopentothebrighteststudentsonly.

C)Itisthemostsuccessfulinthecountry.

D)Ithasmanypracticalcoursesonoffer.

6.Whatchangesinhighschoolshelpstudentsearnundergraduatedegreesin

threeyears?

A)Curriculumshavebeenadaptedtostudents'needs.

B)MorestudentshaveAdvancedPlacementcredits.

C)Moreelectivecoursesareofferedinhighschool.

D)Theoverallqualityofeducationbasimproved.

7.Whatissaidtobeadrawbackofthethree-yearcollegeprogram?

A)Studentshavetocopewithtooheavyaworkload.

B)Studentsdon'thavemuchtimetoroamintellectually.

C)Studentshavelittletimetogainpracticalexperience.

D)Studentsdon'thaveprizedprofessorstoteachthem.

8.Collegefacultymembersareafraidthatthepretextofmovingstudentsintothe

workforcemightposeathreatto.

9.Universitiesareincreasinglyawarethattheymustadapttoarapidlychanging

worldinorderto.

10.Convenientacademicscheduleswithmore-focused,less-expensivedegrees

willbemoreattractiveto.

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2long

conversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeasked

aboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthe

fourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答.

11.A)TheseriousaccidentmayleaveAnnaparalyzed.

B)ThemanhappenedtoseeAnnafallonherback.

C)TheinjurywillconfineAnnatobedforquiteawhile.

D)Thedoctor'stherapyhasbeenverysuccessful.

12.A)Themancouldwatchtheballetwithher.

B)Shehappenedtohaveboughttwotickets.

C)Shecangetaballetticketfortheman.

D)Herscheduleconflictswithhersister's.

13.A)Hewillsendsomeonerightaway.

B)Hehastodootherrepairsfirst.

C)Thewomancancalllaterthatday.

D)Thewomancantrytofixitherself.

14.A)Takeupcollectionnextweek.

B)Givehiscontributionsometimelater.

C)BuyanexpensivegiftforGemma.

D)Borrowsomemoneyfromthewoman.

15.A)Declinetheinvitationasearlyaspossible.

B)AskTonytoconveythankstohismother.

C)TellTony'smotherthatsheeatsnomeat.

D)Addmorefruitsandvegetablestoherdiet.

16.A)Theincreasingcrimerate.

B)Theimpactofmassmedia.

C)Thecirculationofnewspapers.

D)Thecoverageofnewspapers.

17.A)Limitthenumberofparticipantsintheconference.

B)Checkthenumberofpeoplewhohaveregistered.

C)Providepeoplewithadviceoncareerdevelopment.

D)Movetheconferencetoamorespaciousplace.

18.A)Theapartmentisstillavailable.

B)Theapartmentisclosetothecampus.

C)Theadvertisementisoutdated.

D)On-campushousingishardtosecure.

Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Totesthowresponsivedolphinsaretovarioussignals.

B)Tofindoutifthefemaledolphinisclevererthanthemaleone.

C)Toseeifdolphinscanlearntocommunicatewitheachother.

D)Toexaminehowlongittakesdolphinstoacquireaskill.

20.A)Producetheappropriatesound.

B)Presstheright-handleverfirst.

C)Raisetheirheadsabovethewater.

D)Swimstraightintothesametank.

21.A)Onlyonedolphinwasabletoseethelight.

B)Themaledolphinreceivedmorerewards.

C)Bothdolphinswereputinthesametank.

D)Theleverwasbeyondthedolphins9reach.

Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Inabotanicalgarden.

B)Inalectureroom.

C)Inaresorttown.

D)Onacattlefarm.

23.A)Itisanidealplaceforpeopletoretireto.

B)Itisatthecentreofthefashionindustry.

C)Itremainsveryattractivewithitsmineralwaters.

D)IthaskeptmanytraditionsfromVictoriantimes.

24.A)Itwasnamedafteralandownerintheolddays.

B)ItislocatedintheeasternpartofHarrogate.

C)Itisprotectedasparklandbyaspeciallaw.

D)Itwillbeusedasacentreforathletictraining.

25.A)Thebeautifulflowers.

B)Therefreshingair.

C)Themineralwaters.

D)Thevastgrassland.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonly

once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

Passageone

Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)HespecializesforUniversitystudents.

B)HestartspecializedsinseUniversity.

C)Hespecializedininterpersonalrelationship.

D)Hespecializesininterpersonalrelationship.

27.A)Studentswhoscoredlowstandardizedtests.

B)Blackfreshmenwithhighstandardizedtestscores.

C)Studentswhoareaccustomedtolivingindorms.

D)Blackstudentsfromfamilieswithlowincomes.

28.A)Theyatthecollegedormsattheendofthesemester.

B)Theywereoftheuniversity'shousingpolicy.

C)Theygenerallyspendmoretimetogetherthatwhitepairs.

D)Theybrokeupmoreoftenthansame-raceroommates.

29.A)Theirracialattitudesimproved.

B)Theirtestscoresrosegradually.

C)Theygrewboredofeachother.

D)Theystarteddoingsimilaractivities.

Passagetwo

Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

30.A)Itwillbecomepopulargradually.

B)Itwillchangetheconceptoffood.

C)Ithasattractedworldwideattention.

D)Itcanhelpsolveglobalfloodcrises.

31.A)Ithasbeenincreasedovertheyears.

B)IthasbeendrasticallycutbyNASA.

C)Itisstillfarfrombeingsufficient.

D)Itcomesregularlyfromitsdonors.

32.A)Theyarelesshealthythanweexpected.

B)Theyarenotasexpensiveasbelieve.

C)Theyaremorenutritiousanddelicious.

D)Theyarenotasnaturalaswebelieved.

PassageThree

Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

33.A)Hehasbettermemoriesofchildhood.

B)Hewasaccusedoffamilyviolence.

C)Heisahabitualcriminal.

D)Hewaswronglyimprisoned.

34.A)Thejury'sprejudiceagainsthisrace.

B)Theevidencefoundatthecrimescene.

C)Thetwovictims9identification.

D)Thetestimonyofhistwofriends.

35.A)TheUSjudicialsystemhasmuchroomforimprovement.

B)Frightenedvictimscanrarelymakecorrectidentification.

C)Eyewitnessesareoftenmisledbythelayer'squestions.

D)Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofwitnesstestimony.

SECTIONB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageis

readforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthe

passageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumbered

from36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumbered44to46

youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneither

usetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourown

words.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyou

havewritten.

注意：此部分的试题请在答题卡2上作答。

About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearas

recession-strickenfamiliespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywill

allowonlya(36)improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducation

(37)said.

Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,(38)

anestimated7percentduetoa(39)inU.S.demandfor

Mexicanexportssuchascars.

The(40)ledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeft(41)

ormiddleschoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,who(42)

thenation'sadulteducationprogramandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-out

rates.

“(43)roseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult79

CastrotoldReutersinaninterviewearlierthismonth.

(44)________________________________________________________________

.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprove

much,Castrosaid."Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,Castro

said.

(45)________________________________________________________________

.Andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsin

thestreetsorwordinrestaurants.

(46)________________________________________________________________

.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresisted

mendingthecountry'stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomy

behindcountriessuchasBrazilandChile.

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincomplete

statements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethe

statementsinthefewestpossiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Infaceofglobalwarming,muchefforthasbeenfocusedonreducinggreenhouse

gasemissionsthroughavarietyofstrategies.Butwhilemuchoftheresearchand

innovationhasconcentratedonfindingless-pollutingenergyalternatives,itmaybe

decadesbeforecleantechnologieslikewindandsolarmeetasignificantportionof

ourenergyneeds.

Inthemeantime,theamountofCO2intheairisrapidlyapproachingthelimits

proposedbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).“Aslongas

we'reconsumingfossilfuels,we'reputtingoutCO2JsaysKlausLackner,a

geophysicistatColumbia,University^^WecannotlettheCO2intheatmosphererise

indefinitely.”

ThatsenseofurgencyhasincreasedinterestincapturingandstoringCO2,which

theIPCCsayscouldprovidethemorethan50%reductioninemissionsthought

neededtoreduceglobalwarming.t4Weseethepotentialforcaptureandstoragetoplay

anintegralroleinreducingemissions,saysKimCorley,Shell'ssenioradvisorof

CO2andenvironmentalaffairs.Thatforwardthinkingstrategyisgainingsupport.The

U.S.DepartmentofEnergyrecentlyproposedputting$1billionintoanew$2.4

billioncoal-burningenergyplant.Theplant'scarbon-capturetechnologieswould

serveasapilotprojectforothernewcoal-burningplants.

Butwhatdoyoudowiththegasonceyou'vecapturedit?Oneoptionistoputit

tonewuses.DakotaGasificationofNorthDakotacapturesCO2ataplantthat

convertscoalintosyntheticnaturalgas.Itthenshipsthegas200milesbypipelineto

Canada,whereitispumpedundergroundinoilrecoveryoperations.Inthe

Netherlands,ShelldeliversCO2tofarmerswhopipeitintotheirgreenhouses,

increasingtheiryieldoffruitsandvegetables.

However,scientistssaythatthescaleofCO2emissionswillrequirevast

amountsoflong-termstorage.SomeproposestoringtheCO2incoalminesorliquid

storageintheocean,ShellfavorsstoringCO2indeepgeologicalstructuressuchas

saline(盐的)formationsandexhaustedoilandgasfieldsthatexistthroughoutthe

world.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Whataresuggestedasrenewableandless-pollutingenergyalternatives?

48.Whatdoestheauthorsayisaforwardthinkingstrategyconcerningthe

reductionofCO2emissions?

49.OnewayofhandingthecapturedCO2assuggestedbytheauthoristo

storeitand.

50.ThroughusingCO2,Dutchfarmershavebeenableto.

51.Long-termstorageofCO2isnoeasyjobbecauseof.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswersheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asanyonewhohastriedtoloseweightknows,realisticgoal-settinggenerally

producesthebestresults.That'spartiallybecauseitappearspeoplewhosetrealistic

goalsactuallyworkmoreefficiently,andexertmoreeffort,toachievethosegoals.

What*sfarlessunderstoodbyscientists,however,arethepotentiallyharmful

eflfectsofgoal-setting.

Newspapersrelaydailyaccountsofgoal-settingprevalentinindustriesand

businessesupanddownbothWallStreetandMainStreet,yettherehasbeen

surprisinglylittleresearchonhowthelong-trumpetedpracticeofsettinggoalsmay

havecontributedtothecurrenteconomiccrisis,andunethical(不道德的)behaviorin

general.

“Goalsarewidelyusedandpromotedashavingreallybeneficialeffects.Andyet,

thesamemotivationthatcanpushpeopletoexertmoreeffortinaconstructiveway

couldalsomotivatepeopletobemorelikelytoengageinunethicalbehaviors,says

MauriceSchweitzer,anassociateprofessoratPenn'sWhartonSchool.

“Itturnsoutthere'snoeconomicbenefittojusthavingagoalyoujustgeta

psychologicalbenefit“Schweitzersays."Butinmanycases,goalshaveeconomic

rewardsthatmakethemmorepowerful.,,

AprimeexampleSchweitzerandhiscolleaguesciteisthe2004collapseof

energy-tradinggiantEnron,wheremanagersusedfinancialincentivestomotivate

salesmentomeetspecificrevenuegoals.Theproblem,Schweitzersays,istheactual

tradeswerenotprofitable.

Otherstudieshaveshownthatsaddlingemployeeswithunrealisticgoalscan

compelthemtolie,cheatorsteal.Suchwasthecaseintheearly1990swhenSears

imposedasalesquotaonitsautorepairstaff.Itpromptedemployeestooverchargefor

workandtocompleteunnecessaryrepairsonacompanywidebasis.

Schweitzerconcedeshisresearchrunscountertoaverylargebodyofliterature

thatcommendsthemanybenefitsofgoal-setting.Advocatesofthepracticehave

takenissuewithhisteam'suseofsuchevidenceasnewsaccountstosupporthis

conclusionthatgoal-settingiswidelyover-prescribed

Inarebuttal(反驳)paper,Dr.EdwinLockewrites:"Goal-settingisnotgoing

away.Organizationscannotthrivewithoutbeingfocusedontheirdesiredendresults

anymorethananindividualcanthrivewithoutgoalstoprovideasenseofpurpose.^^

ButSchweitzercontendsthe"mountingcausalevidence“linkinggoal-setting

andharmfulbehaviorshouldbestudiedtohelpspotlightissuesthatmeritcautionand

furtherinvestigation."Evenafewnegativeeffectscouldbesolargethatthey

outweighmanypositiveeffects,hesays.

"Goal-settingdoeshelpcoordinateandmotivatepeople.Myideawouldbeto

combinethatwithcarefuloversight,astrongorganizationalculture,andmakesure

thegoalsthatyouusearegoingtobeconstructiveandnotsignificantlyharmthe

organization,Schweitzersays.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.Whatmessagedoestheauthortrytoconveyaboutgoal-setting?

A)Itsnegativeeffectshavelongbeenneglected.

B)Thegoalincreasepeople'sworkefficiency.

C)Itsrolehasbeenlargelyunderestimated.

D)Thegoalsmostpeoplesetareunrealistic.

53.WhatdoesMauriceSchweitzerwanttoshowbycitingtheexampleof

Enron?

A)Settingrealisticgoalscanturnafailingbusinessintosuccess.

B)Businessesarelesslikelytosucceedwithoutsettingrealisticgoals.

C)Financialincentivesensurecompaniesmeetspecificrevenuegoals.

D)Goalswithfinancialrewardshavestrongmotivationalpower.

54.HowdidSears'goal-settingaffectitsemployees?

A)Theywereobligedtoworkmor