大学英语六级07-10年真题集锦

2007年6月23日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledShouldOne

ExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelow.

1.有人做好事期望得到回报：

2.有人认为应该像雷锋那样做好事不图回报；

3.我的观点。

ShouldOneExpectaRewardWhenDoingaGoodDeed?

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswer

thequestionsonAnswerSheet1.

Forquestions1-4,mark

Y(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

N(forNO)ifstatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

Forquestions5-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

SevenStepstoaMoreFulfillingJob

Manypeopletodayfindthemselvesinunfulfillingworksituations.Infact,oneinfourworkersis

dissatisfiedwiththeircurrentjob,accordingtotherecent“Plansfor2004"survey.Theircareer

pathmaybefinanciallyrewarding,butitdoesn'tmeettheiremotional,socialorcreativeneeds.

They?restuck,unhappy,andhavenoideawhattodoaboutit,exceptmovetoanotherjob.

MaryLynMiller,veterancareerconsultantandfounderoftheLifeandCareerClinic,saysthat

whenmostpeopleareunhappyabouttheirwork,theirfirstthoughtistogetadifferentjob.Instead,

Millersuggestslookingatthepossibilityofadifferentlife.Throughherbook,8MythsofMaking

aLiving,aswellasworkshops,seminarsandpersonalcoachingandconsulting,shehashelped

thousandsofdissatisfiedworkersreassesslifeandwork.

LikethewayofZen,whichincludesunderstandingofoneselfasonereallyis,Millerencourages

jobseekersandthosedissatisfiedwithworkorlifetoexaminetheirbeliefsaboutworkand

recognizethat“inmanycasesyourbeliefsarewhatbroughtyoutowhereyouaretoday."You

mayhavebeenraisedtothinkthatwomenwerebestatnurturingandcaringand,therefore,should

beteachersandnurses.Sothat'swhatyoudid.Or,perhapsyouwerebroughtuptobelievethat

youshoulddowhatyourfatherdid,soyouhavetakenoverthefamilybusiness,orbecomea

dentist4<justlikedad."Ifthissoundsfamiliar,it'sprobablytimetolookatthenewpossibilitiesfor

yourfuture.

Millerdevelopeda7-stepprocesstohelppotentialjobseekersassesstheircurrentsituationand

beliefs,identifytheirrealpassion,andstartonajourneythatallowsthemtopursuetheirpassion

throughwork.

Step1:Willingnesstodosomethingdifferent.

Breakingthecycleofdoingwhatyouhavealwaysdoneisoneofthemostdifficulttasksforjob

seekers.Manyfinditdifficulttosteerawayfromacareerpathormakeachange,evenifitdoesn't

feelright.Millerurgesjobseekerstoopentheirmindstootherpossibilitiesbeyondwhattheyare

currentlydoing.

Step2:Commitmenttobeingwhoyouare,notwhoorwhatsomeonewantsyoutobe.

Lookatthe\giftsandtalentsyouhaveandmakeacommitmenttopursuethosethingsthatyou

lovemost.Ifyoulovethesocialaspectsofyourjob,butarestuckinsideanofficeor"chainedto

yourdesk“mostofthetime,vowtofollowyourinstinctandinvestigatealternativecareersand

workthatallowyoumoretimetointeractwithothers.Dawnworkedasamanagerforalarge

retailclothingstoreforseveralyears.Thoughshehadadvancedwithinthecompany,shefelt

frustratedandlongedtobeinvolvedwithnatureandtheoutdoors.Shedecidedtogotoschool

nightsandweekendstopursuehertruepassionbyearninghermaster'sdegreeinforestry.She

nowworksinthebiotechforestrydivisionofamajorpapercompany.

Step3:Self-definition

Millersuggeststhatoncejobseekersknowwhotheyare,theyneedtoknowhowtosell

themselves.t4Inthejobmarket,youareaproduct.Andjustlikeaproduct,youmostknowthe

featuresandbenefitsthatyouhavetoofferapotentialclient,oremployer,^^Examinetheskillsand

knowledgethatyouhaveidentifyhowtheycanapplytoyourdesiredoccupation.Yourqualities

willexhibittoemployerswhytheyshouldhireyouoverothercandidates.

Step4:Attainalevelofself-honoring.

Self-honoringorself-lovemayseemlikeanoddstepforjobhunters,butbeingabletoaccept

yourself,withoutjudgment,helpseliminateinsecuritiesandwillmakeyoumoreself-assured.By

acceptingwhoyouare-allyouremotions,hopesanddreams,yourpersonality,andyourunique

wayofbeing-you'llprojectmoreconfidencewhennetworkingandtalkingwithpotential

employers.Thepowerofself-honoringcanhelptobreakallthefalsehoodsyouwereprogrammed

tobelieve-thosethatmadeyoufeelthatyouwerenotgoodenough,orstrongenough,or

intelligentenoughtodowhatyoutrulydesire.

Step5:Vision.

Millersuggeststhatjobseekersdevelopavisionthatembracestheanswerto“WhatdoIreally

wanttodo?”oneshouldcreateasolidstatementinadozenorsosentencesthatdescribeindetail

howtheyseetheirliferelatedtowork.Forinstance,thesecretarywholongstobeanactress

describesalifethatallowshertoexpressherloveofShakespeareonstage.Arealestateagent,

attractedtohiscurrentjobbecauseherlovesfixingupoldhomes,describesbuyingpropertiesthat

needalittletenderlovingcaretomakethemmoresaleable.

Step6:Appropriaterisk.

Somephilosophersbelievethatthewaytoenlightenmentcomesthroughfacingobstaclesand

difficulties.Oncepeoplediscovertheirpassion,manyaretooscaredtodoanythingaboutit.

Instead,theydonothing.Withthisstep,jobseekersshouldassesswhattheyarewillingtogiveup,

orrisk,inpursuitoftheirdream.Foroneworkingmom,thatmeanttakingnightclassestolearn

newcomputer-aideddesignskills,whilestillearningasalaryandkeepingherdayjob.For

someoneelse,itmaymeanquittinghisorherjob,takingoutloanandgoingbacktoschoolfull

time.You'llmoveonestepclosertoyouridealworklifeifyouidentifyhowmuchriskyouare

willingtotakeandthesacrificesyouarewillingtomake.

Step7:Action.

Someteachersofphilosophydescribeactioninthisway,“Ifonewantstogettothetopofa

mountain,justsittingatthefootthinkingaboutitwillnotbringonethere.Itisbymakingthe

effortofclimbingupthemountain,stepbystep,thateventuallythesummitisreached.^^Alltoo

often,itisthelackofactionthatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheirideals.Creating

aplanandtakingitonestepatatimecanleadtonewanddifferentjobopportunities.Job-hunting

tasksgainaddedmeaningasyousensetheirimportanceinyourquestforamoremeaningfulwork

life.Theplancanincluderesearchingindustriesandoccupations,talkingtopeoplewhoarein

yourdesiredareaofwork,takingclasses,oracceptingvolunteerworkinyourtargetedfield.

Eachofthesestepswillleadyouonajourneytoahappierandmorerewardingworklife.Afterall,

itisthejourney,notthedestination,thatismostimportant.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡I上作答。

1.Accordingtotherecent4tPlansfor2004"survey,mostpeopleareunhappywiththeircurrent

jobs.

2.MaryLynMiller'sjobistoadvisepeopleontheirlifeandcareer.

3.MaryLynMillerherselfwasoncequitedissatisfiedwithherownwork.

4.Manypeoplefinditdifficulttomakeuptheirmindswhethertochangetheircareerpath.

5.AccordingtoMaryLynMiller,peopleconsideringchangingtheircareersshouldcommit

themselvestothepursuitof.

6.Inthejobmarket,jobseekersneedtoknowhowtosellthemselveslike.

7.Duringaninterviewwithpotentialemployers,self-honoringorself-lovemayhelpajob

seekertoshow.

8.MaryLynMillersuggeststhatajobseekerdevelopavisionthatanswersthequestion

9.Manypeoplearetooscaredtopursuetheirdreamsbecausetheyareunwillingto.

10.Whatultimatelyholdspeoplebackfromattainingtheiridealsis.

PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Atthe

endofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatsaid.Boththe

conversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.

Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD),anddecidewhichisthe

bestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe

centre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A)Surfingthenet.

B)Watchingatalkshow.

C)Packingabirthdaygift.

D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.

12.A)Heenjoysfindingfaultwithexams.

B)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.

C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.

D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.

13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.

B)Thewomanisunsureiftherewillbepeaceintheworld.

C)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.

D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.

14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.

B)Attendamedicalschool.

C)Stayinbusiness.

D)Sellhisshop.

15.A)Moremoney.

B)Fairtreatment.

C)Acollegeeducation.

D)Shorterworkhours.

16.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.

B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.

C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.

D)ShewillnotgotoMexicoagain.

17.A)Cheerherselfupabit.

B)Findamoresuitablejob.

C)Seekprofessionaladvice.

D)Takeapsychologycourse.

18.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.

B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.

C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.

D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.

Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Togosightseeing.

B)Tohavemeetings.

C)Topromoteanewchampagne.

D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.

20.A)Itcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaints.

B)Itcanmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.

C)Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.

D)Itcanlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.

21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.

B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.

C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.

D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.

22.A)Manyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplane.

B)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwell-being.

C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.

D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.

Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

23.A)Atafair.

B)Atacafeteria.

C)Inacomputerlab.

D)Inashoppingmall.

24.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.

B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.

C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.

D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.

25.A)Datacollection.

B)Trainingconsultancy.

C)Corporatemanagement.

D)Informationprocessing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwill

hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhear

aquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA)B)C)andD).Then

markthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

PassageOne

Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Improvethemselves.

B)Getridofemptydreams.

C)Followtheculturaltradition.

D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.

27.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.

B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.

C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.

D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.

28.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.

B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.

C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.

D)Toillustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.

PassageTwo

Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

29.A)MichaeFsparentsgotdivorced.

B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.

C)Karen'smotherdiedinacaraccident.

D)Atruckdriverlosthislifeinacollision.

30.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.

B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.

C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.

D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.

31.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.

B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.

C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.

D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.

PassageThree

Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

32.A)Germany.

B)Japan.

C)TheU.S.

D)TheU.K.

33.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.

B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.

C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.

D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.

34.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.

B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.

C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.

D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.

35.A)Changetheirjobs.

B)Earnmoremoney.

C)Reducetheirworkinghours.

D)Strengthenthegovernment'srole.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadfor

thefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthe

secondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwords

youhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissing

information.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwrite

downthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,you

shouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthat

nursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)toprovidenursingcare

only.Wedonothaveanylegalormoral(37)toanyphysician.Weprovidehealth

teaching,(38)physicalaswellasemotionalproblems,(39)patient-related

services,andmakeallofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.

If,inany(40),wefeelthataphysician'sorderis(41)orunsafe,wehavea

legal(42)toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitout.

Nursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.AHnursesareawareofthatbeforethey

entertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress.However,thatoccursduetooddworking

hoursisa(43)reasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44)

.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,disruptsoursleeping

andeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.

Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)

.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidently

notbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueas

predicted,(46).

PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.

Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletestatementsinthefewest

possiblewords.PleasewriteyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.

Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Googleisaworld-famouscompany,withitsheadquartersinMountainView,California.Itwasset

upinaSiliconValleygaragein1998,andinflated（膨胀）withtheInternetbubble.Evenwhen

everythingarounditcollapsedthecompanykeptoninflating.Google'ssearchengineisso

widespreadacrosstheworldthatsearchbecameGoogle,andgooglebecameaverb.Theworldfell

inlovewiththeeffective,fascinatinglyfasttechnology.

GoogleowesmuchofitssuccesstothebrillianceofS.BrinandL.Page,butalsotoaseriesof

fortunateevents.ItwasPagewho,atStanfordin1996,initiatedtheacademicprojectthat

eventuallybecameGoogle'ssearchengine.Brin,whohadmetPageatastudentorientationayear

earlier,joinedtheprojectearlyon.TheywerebothPh.D.candidateswhentheydevisedthesearch

enginewhichwasbetterthantherestand,withoutanymarketing,spreadbywordofmouthfrom

earlyadoptersto,eventually,yourgrandmother.

Theirbreakthrough,simplyput,wasthatwhentheirsearchenginecrawledtheWeb,itdidmore

thanjustlookforwordmatches,italsotallied（统计）andrankedahostofothercriticalfactors

likehowwebsiteslinktooneanother.Thatdeliveredfarbetterresultsthananythingelse.Brinand

PagemeanttonametheircreationGoogol（themathematicaltermforthenumber1followedby

100zeroes）,butsomeonemisspelledthewordsoitstuckasGoogle.Theyraisedmoneyfrom

prescient（有先见之明的）professorsandventurecapitalists,andmovedoffcampustoturn

Googleintobusiness.Perhapstheirbiggeststrokeofluckcameearlyonwhentheytriedtosell

theirtechnologytoothersearchengines,butnoonemettheirprice,andtheybuiltitupontheir

own.

Thenextbreakthroughcamein2000,whenGooglefiguredouthowtomakemoneywithits

invention.Ithadlotsofusers,butalmostnoonewaspaying.Thesolutionturnedouttobe

advertising,andit'snotanexaggerationtosaythatGoogleisnowessentiallyanadvertising

company,giventhatthat'sthesourceofnearlyallitsrevenue.Todayitisagiantadvertising

company,worth$100billion.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

47.Apartfromaseriesoffortunateevents,whatisitthathasmadeGooglesosuccessful?

48.Google'ssearchengineoriginatedfromstartedbyL.Page.

49.HowdidGoogle'ssearchenginespreadallovertheworld?

50.BrinandPagedecidedtosetuptheirownbusinessbecausenoonewould.

51.TherevenueoftheGooglecompanyislargelygeneratedfrom.

SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2witha

singlelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Youheartherefrainallthetime:theU.S.economylooksgoodstatistically,butitdoesn'tfeel

good.Whydoesn'tever-greaterwealthpromoteever-greaterhappiness?Itisaquestionthatdates

atleasttotheappearancein1958ofTheAffluent（富裕的）SocietybyJohnKennethGalbraith,

whodiedrecentlyat97.

TheAffluentSocietyisamodernclassicbecauseithelpeddefineanewmomentinthehuman

condition.Formostofhistory,''hunger,sickness,andcold“threatenednearlyeveryone,Galbraith

wrote,"Povertywasfoundeverywhereinthatworld.Obviouslyitisnotofours.^^AfterWorldWar

II,thedreadofanotherGreatDepressiongavewaytoaneconomicboom.Inthe1930s

unemploymenthadaveraged18.2percent;inthe1950sitwas4.5percent.

ToGalbraith,materialismhadgonemadandwouldbreeddiscontent.Throughadvertising,

companiesconditionedconsumerstobuythingstheydidn'treallywantorneed.Becausesomuch

spendingwasartificial,itwouldbeunfulfilling.Meanwhile,governmentspendingthatwould

makeeveryonebetteroffwasbeingcutdownbecausepeopleinstinctively—and

wrongly-labeledgovernmentonlyas“anecessaryevil.^^

It'softensaidthatonlythericharegettingahead;everyoneelseisstandingstillorfallingbehind.

Well,therearemanyundeservingrich—overpaidchiefexecutives,forinstance.Butoverany

meaningfulperiod,mostpeople'sincomesareincreasing.From1995to2004,inflation-adjusted

averagefamilyincomerose14.3percent,to$43,200.peoplefeel“squeezed"becausetheirrising

incomesoftendon'tsatisfytheirrisingwants—forbiggerhomes,morehealthcare,more

education,fasterInternetconnections.

Theothergreatfnistrationisthatithasnoteliminatedinsecurity.Peopleregardjobstabilityas

partoftheirstandardofliving.Ascorporatelayoffsincreased,thatparthaseroded.Moreworkers

fearthey'vebecome“thedisposableAmerican,asLouisUchitelleputsitinhisbookbythesame

name.

Becausesomuchprevioussufferingandsocialconflictstemmedfrompoverty,thearrivalof

widespreadaffluencesuggestedutopian(乌托邦式的)possibilities.Uptoapoint,affluence

succeeds.Thereismuchlesphysicalmiserythanbefore.Peoplearebetteroff.Unfortunately,

affluencealsocreatesnewcomplaintsandcontradictions.

Advancedsocietiesneedeconomicgrowthtosatisfythemultiplyingwantsoftheircitizens.But

thequestforgrowthletsloosenewanxietiesandeconomicconflictsthatdisturbthesocialorder.

Affluenceliberatestheindividual,promisingthateveryonecanchooseauniquewayto

self-fulfillment.Butthepromiseissoextravagantthatitpredestinesmanydisappointmentsand

sometimesinspireschoicesthathaveanti-socialconsequences,includingfamilybreakdownand

obesity(肥胖症).Statisticalindicatorsofhappinesshavenotrisenwithincomes.

Shouldwebesurprised?Notreally.We'vesimplyreaffirmedanoldtruth:thepursuitofaffluence

doesnotalwaysendwithhappiness.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

52.WhatquestiondoesJohnKennethGalbraithraiseinhisbookTheAffluentSociety?

A)Whystatisticsdon'ttellthetruthabouttheeconomy.

B)Whyaffluencedoesn'tguaranteehappiness.

C)Howhappinesscanbepromotedtoday.

D)Whatliesbehindaneconomicboom.

53.AccordingtoGalbraith,peoplefeeldiscontentedbecause.

A)publicspendinghasn'tbeencutdownasexpected

B)thegovernmenthasprovedtobeanecessaryevil

C)theyareinfearofanotherGreatDepression

D)materialismhasrunwildinmodernsociety

54.Whydopeoplefeelsqueezedwhentheiraverageincomerisesconsiderably?

A)Theirmaterialpursuitshavegonefaraheadoftheirearnings.

B)Theirpurchasingpowerhasdroppedmarkedlywithinflation.

C)Thedistributionofwealthisunevenbetweenther5ichandthepoor.

D)Healthcareandeducationalcosthavesomehowgoneoutofcontrol.

55.WhatdoesLouisUchitellemeanby“thedisposableAmerican^^(Line3,Para.5)?

A)Thosewhoseejobstabilityaspartoftheirlivingstandard.

B)Peoplefullofutopianideasresultingfromaffluence.

C)PeoplewhohavelittlesayinAmericanpolitics.

D)Workerswhonolongerhavesecurejobs.

56.WhathasaffluencebroughttoAmericansociety?

A)Renewedeconomicsecurity.

B)Asenseofself-fulfillment.

C)Newconflictsandcomplaints.

D)Miseryandanti-socialbehavior.

PassageTwo

Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Theuseofdeferential(敬重的)languageissymbolicoftheConfucianidealofthewoman,which

dominatesconservativegendernormsinJapan.Thisidealpresentsawomanwhowithdraws

quietlytothebackground,subordinatingherlifeandneedstothoseofherfamilyanditsmale

head.Sheisadutifuldaughter,wife,andmother,masterofthedomesticarts.Thetypicalrefined

Japanesewomanexcelsinmodestyanddelicacy;she“treadssoftly(谨言慎行)intheworld,“

elevatingfemininebeautyandgracetoanartform.

Nowadays,itiscommonlyobservedthatyoungwomenarenotconformingtothefeminine

linguistic(语言的)ideal.Theyareusingfeweroftheverydeferentialttwomen^s^^forms,andeven

usingthefewstrongformsthatareknowas"men's."This,ofcourse,attractsconsiderable

attentionandhasledtoanoutcryintheJapanesemediaagainstthedefeminizationofwomen's

language.Indeed,wedidn'thearabout"men'slanguage“untilpeoplebegantorespondtogirls'

appropriationofformsnormallyreservedforboysandmen.Thereisconsiderablesentimentabout

the“corruption“ofwomen'slanguage—whichofcourseisviewedaspartofthelossoffeminine

idealsandmorality-andthissentimentiscrystallizedbynationwideopinionpollsthatare

regularlycarriedoutbythemedia.

YoshikoMatsumotohasarguedthatyoungwomenprobablyneverusedasmanyofthehighly

deferentialformsasolderwomen.Thishighlypolitestyleisnodoubtsomethingthatyoung

womenhavebeenexpectedto“growinto”—afterall,itisassignnotsimplyoffemininity,butof

maturityandrefinement,anditsusecouldbetakentoindicateachangeinthenatureofone's

socialrelationsaswell.Onemightwellimaginelittlegirlsusingexceedinglypoliteformswhen

playinghouseorimitatingolderwomen—inafashionanalogoustolittlegirls'useofa

high-pitchedvoicetodo“teachertalk"or"mothertalk“inroleplay.

ThefactthatyoungJapanesewomenareusinglessdeferentiallanguageisasuresignof

change-ofsocialchangeandoflinguisticchange.Butitismostcertainlynotasignofthe

“masculization“ofgirls.Insomeinstances,itmaybeasignthatgirlsaremakingthesameclaim

toauthorityasboysandmen,butthatisverydifferentfromsayingthattheyaretryingtobe

“masculine.”KatsueReynoldshasarguedthatgirlsnowadaysareusingmoreassertivelanguage

strategiesinordertobeabletocompetewithboysinschoolsandout.Socialchangealsobrings

notsimplydifferentpositionsforwomenandgirls,butdifferentrelationstolifestages,and

adolescentgirlsareparticipatinginnewsubculturalforms.Thuswhatmay,toanolderspeaker,

seemlike“masculine“speechmayseemtoanadolescentlike“liberated"or"hip”speech.

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

57.Thefirstparagraphdescribesindetail.

A)thestandardssetforcontemporaryJapanesewomen

B)theConfucianinfluenceongendernormsinJapan

C)thestereotypedroleofwomeninJapanesefamilies

D)thenormsfortraditionalJapanesewomentofollow

58.Whatchangehasbeenobservedintoday'syoungJapanesewomen?

A)Theypaylessattentiontotheirlinguisticbehavior.

B)Theusefewerofthedeferentiallinguisticforms.

C)Theyconfusemaleandfemaleformsoflanguage.

D)Theyemployverystronglinguisticexpressions.

59.Howdosomepeoplereacttowomen'sappropriationofmen'slanguageformsasreportedin

theJapanesemedia?