中考英语语法复习简单句的5种基本类型及时态形式和结构课件

语法句型和时态海口山高实验中学陈丽雅2025.03.16这份复习资料旨在引导学生学会观察和总结，老师纠错和拓展。初中英语语法简单句的5种基本类型1.Isee.Iunderstand.Helaughed.Shecried.Shehasgone.2.Isawhim.Iunderstoodher.Helaughedatme.Iamhavingmylunch.Theyhavefinishedtheirhomework.3.Isawhimsleeping.Iheardthemsinging.Liyamade/keptmeangry.Shehashelpedhimcleanourclassroom.Weshouldkeepitclean.4.Mymomboughtmeabike.Theyhavewrittenmealetter.Sheispassinghimanotebook.观察并判断句子结构5.Springiscoming.Treesturnsgreen.Flowerssmellsweet.Theairisfresh,Theskyisclear.01简单句的5种基本类型主语+不及物动词(S+Vi)主谓主语+及物动词+宾语(S+Vt+O)主谓宾主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P)主系表主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)01020304主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)05特殊句型：therebe本节课内容主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P)主系表主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)1.描述感觉或情绪-Iamhappy.（我很开心。）

-Sheisexcited.（她很兴奋。）-Heisnervous.（他很紧张。）-Theyaresurprised.(他们很惊讶)-Wearebored.（我们很无聊。）主系表结构structure:SVP2.描述状态或特征-Themovieisinteresting.（这部电影很有趣）-Thebookisboring.（这本书很无聊。）-Theweatherisnice.（天气很好。）-Themusicsoundsbeautiful.(音乐听起来

很美。)3.

描述身份或性质-Sheisateacher.-Theyarestudents.-Heismybestfriend.-Thisisanimportantlesson.

（这是一节重要的课。）4.感官动词+形容词-Theflowerssmellsweet.（这些花闻起来很香。）-Themusicsoundsamazing.这音乐听起来很美。-Thefoodtastesdelicious这食物尝起来很美味。-Theclothfeelssoft.（这块布摸起来很柔软。）-Thepicturelooksamazing.这张照片看起来很棒。观察领悟1PART1主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P)主语+系动词+表语(S+系V+P)这种句型称为主系表结构，系动词后面必须跟表语，构成系表结构表示主语的状态、性质、特征等情况。系表等同于谓语。讲解及运用1用来表示主语状态，只有be动词。be动词am/is/aream/is过去式是was,are过去式是were。你可以把be动词翻译为是。(我用am,你用are,is连着她他它,另外单数is,复数are)Heisill.Shewasateacher.Iamaboy.系动词分类1-状态系动词用来表示主语继续或者保持一种状况或态度。主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand。Hekeepssilent.Shestayedcalm.系动词分类2-持续系动词用来表示看起来像。主要有seem,appear,look。Helookstied.Heseemsverysad.系动词分类3-表像系动词分别是触觉,嗅觉,听觉,味觉,视觉感受即feel,smell,sound,taste,look.Thisflowersmellssweet.Thisclothfeelsverycomfortable.系动词分类4-感官系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样。如become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run。Hebecomesmad.Shegrowsrich.

系动词分类5-变化系动词变为，成为become（职业）Shakespearbecameafamouswriterwhenhegrewup.get（逐渐变成）Wearegetgtingbetterandbetter.Itgetsdark.grow（成长变化）Thetreesgrowtall.turn（颜色变化）Thetreesturngreen.表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove,turnout。表达证实,变成之意。Thecompetitorprovestoostrongforme.

系动词分类6-终止系动词Module1:

Feelings&Impressions--Shegavemeawarmhug.--Hersmilebroughtussome

hope.主谓间接宾直接宾结构SVtIDODModule2:Experiences

--Theoldmantoldusanamazingstory.--.Mymomsentmeaphoto.

Module3:

SpaceTravel--CNSAofferedtheastronautsspecialtraining.--TheteachershowedthestudentsavideoaboutMars.CNSA(ChinaNa.tionalSpaceAdministration)中国国家航天局Module4:SeeingaDoctor-Thenursehandedmeamedicinebox.-.Dadboughtmesomemedicine.Module5:Cartoons--MickeyMousealwaysbringschildrenlotsofjoy.观察领悟2PART2主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+Vt+IO+DO)。这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可跟双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语。常用双宾动词：give（给）send（发送）tell（告诉）show（展示）buy（买）offer（提供）lend（借出）讲解及运用2她父亲给她买了个布娃娃。他给我写了封信。He

wrote

me

aletter.主语谓语间宾直宾Module1:

Feelings&Impressions--Thenewsmadeherveryhappy.--Hiswordskeptmeexcitedallday.主谓宾宾补结构SVtOCModule2:Experiences

--Wehavefoundthestoryveryinteresting..--Isawhimplayingbasketballyesterday.Module3:

SpaceTravel--TheastronautswatchedtheEarthrisefromspace.--Scientistscallthisplanet"theRedPlanet".

Module4:SeeingaDoctor-Thedoctoradvisedmetodrinkmorewater.--Thenursemadethepatientfeelbetter.Module5:Cartoons--Theynamedthecartooncharacter"MickeyMouse".--Theartistdrewtheheroflyinginthesky.观察领悟3PART3主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+Vt+O+C)宾语补语是指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其它的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，其补语是宾语补足语，与宾语一起构成复合宾语。讲解及运用3我们必须保持教室整洁。他让我生气了。He

made

me

angry.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语初中英语语法时态注意不规则动词变化练习题根据学情自行造句。时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）1)V,V-s2)am,is,are主+V/Vs+其他.HelivesinHaikou.陈述句（否定）do/doesnot+V主+do/doesnot+V+其他Hedoesnot

liveinHaikou,一般疑问句(Yes/No)Do/Does...+VDo/Does

主+V+其他?DoesheliveinHaikou?特殊问句(问啥答啥）6W+一般疑问句1.一般现在时（1）V=do+V,donot+V;V-s=does+V,

doesnot+V;be(am,is,are)，benot时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）am,is,are主+be+其他.HeisinHaikou.陈述句（否定）am,is,arenot主+am,is,arenot+其他Heis

notinHaikou,一般疑问句(Yes/No)Am,Is,AreAm,Is,Are主+其他?isheinHaikou?特殊问句(问啥答啥）6W+一般疑问句1.一般现在时（2）V=do+V,donot+V;V-s=does+V,

doesnot+V;be(am,is,are)，benot时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）V-edwas,were主+Ved+其他.HelivedinHaikoulastyear.陈述句（否定）didnot+V主+didnot+V+其他Hedidnot

liveinHaikoulastyear.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Did...+VDid主+V+其他?DidheliveinHaikoulastyear?特殊问句(问啥答啥）6W+一般疑问句2.一般过去时V-ed=did+V,didnot+V;be(was,were).was/werenot时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）will+V主+will+V+其他.Hewill

liveinHaikounextyear.陈述句（否定）willnot+V主+willnot+V+其他Hewillnot

liveinHaikounextyear.一般疑问句(Yes/No)Will...+VWill

主+V+其他?WillheliveinHaikounextyear?特殊问句6W+一般疑问句3.一般将来时will+V,willnot+V时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）be

+Ving,主+be+Ving其他.HeislivinginHaikounow.陈述句（否定）be

+notVing,主+benot+Ving+其他Heisnot

livinginHaikounow.一般疑问句(Yes/No)be+...VingBe+主Ving+其他?IshelivinginHaikounow?特殊问句(问啥答啥）6W+一般疑问句4.现在进行时be(am,is,are)+V-ing,be(am,is,are)not+V-ing时态句型FormMeaningStructureUse陈述句（肯定）be+V-ing主+beVing其他.Hewasdoinghishomeworkat7:00p.myesterday.陈述句（否定）be+not+V-ing