广东省大湾区2025届高三下学期一模英语试题 含解析

2025届大湾区普通高中毕业班联合模拟考试（一）英语本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的学校、班级、姓名、考场号、座位号和准考证号填写在答题卡上，将条形码横贴在答题卡“条形码粘贴处”。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔在答题卡上将对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液。不按以上要求作答无效。4.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheWinterWildlifeDocent(讲解员)Program(WWDP)atPointReyesNationalSeashorepromotesawarenessandprotectionofoceanlifebyhelpingvisitorssafelyview,understand,andappreciatethesespecies;helpsvisitorsunderstandtheongoingmanagementandresearchissues;andprovidesgeneralparkinformationandassistance.ScheduleandTimeCommitmentWWDPworkdaysarescheduledforsixhoursonweekdaysandweekends(10:00a.m.until4:00p.m.)frommid-DecemberthroughtheendofApril.Docentsareexpectedtovolunteeraseason-minimumofeightdays,atleasttwodayspermonth.Docentsmaybeaskedtocontinuetovolunteerintoanextendedseasondependingonwildlifeactivityandstaffingneedsaccordingtoprogramgoals.TrainingThreetrainingdaysarescheduledforNovember16and17,andDecember7,2024.Newdocentsmustattendallthreetrainingdays.Returningdocentsonlyattendtheall-docenttrainingdayonDecember7,2024.Knowledge/Skills/ExperienceDesiredDocentsmustpossessverygoodoralcommunicationskillswithadiversityofpeopleandbeabletoworkindependently.Docentsmustalsobeabletospendamajorityofthetimestanding,walking,and/orhiking;beabletotoleratesun,wind,fog,andcold;andbeabletocarryuptofifteenpoundsofinterpretivematerialsforadistanceofuptoone-fifthmile.Knowledgeoftheparkandteachingexperienceishelpful.MinimumAgeVolunteersunder18musthaveasignedparentalpermissionform.ToApplyPleasefillouttherequiredapplicationbyclickingtheblue“ApplyNow”baronthispageandfillouttherequiredapplicantquestionnaire.1.Howlongisaseason-minimumvolunteeringtime?A.6hours. B.12hours. C.48hours. D.144hours.2.Whatmustadocentbelike?A.Skillfulandathletic. B.Expertandpowerful.C.Experiencedandhelpful. D.Strongandcommunicative.3.Wheredoesthetextprobablycomefrom?A.Awebsite. B.Amagazine. C.Abrochure. D.Anewspaper.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了雷斯岬国家海岸公园的冬季野生动物讲解员项目，包括讲解员的工作时间、培训、需要的技能和申请方式等。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据ScheduleandTimeCommitment部分的句子“WWDPworkdaysarescheduledforsixhoursonweekdaysandweekends(10:00a.m.until4:00p.m.)frommid-DecemberthroughtheendofApril.Docentsareexpectedtovolunteeraseason-minimumofeightdays,atleasttwodayspermonth.(WWDP在平日及周末的工作时间为六小时（上午十时至下午四时）。从12月中旬到4月底。讲解员需要在一季中至少做8天的志愿者，每个月至少做两天志愿者。)”可知，讲解员一个季度最少的志愿服务时间是6*8=48(小时)。故选C项。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据Knowledge/Skills/ExperienceDesired部分的句子“Docentsmustpossessverygoodoralcommunicationskillswithadiversityofpeopleandbeabletoworkindependently.Docentsmustalsobeabletospendamajorityofthetimestanding,walking,and/orhiking;beabletotoleratesun,wind,fog,andcold;andbeabletocarryuptofifteenpoundsofinterpretivematerialsforadistanceofuptoone-fifthmile.(讲解员必须具备良好的与不同人群的口头沟通能力，并能独立工作。讲解员还必须能够花大部分时间站立、行走和/或徒步旅行；能耐日晒、风、雾、寒；并且能够携带重达15磅的解读材料最远可达1/5英里。)”可知，讲解员必须身体强壮且善于沟通。故选D项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Pleasefillouttherequiredapplicationbyclickingtheblue“ApplyNow”baronthispageandfillouttherequiredapplicantquestionnaire.(请点击本页上蓝色的“立即申请”栏填写所需的申请，并填写所需的申请人问卷。)”可知，本文应该来自某一网站。故选A项。BGrowingup,StephanieLaskaneverworkedout,preferringmusicclasstoP.E.andenjoyingsugarydrinksandsnacks.Itwasn’tuntilshereachedher40s,weighingaround300pounds,thatshedecidedtochangeherlifestyle.Simpledietchanges,likecuttingoutsodaandlimitingdesserts,helpedherlose50pounds.Butshehitaplateau(停滞期)andknewsheneededtostartmoving.Initially,Laskadecidedtojustwalk.Gradually,sheaddedrunningtoherroutine,startingwithjustonesideofatenniscourtandeventuallyrunningherfirstmilein2014.Laskakepthernewhabitasecretatfirst.Oneday,attheparkwithherkids,shedecidedtoruntocatchupwiththemontheirbikes.“Thelookonmydaughter’sfacewhenshesawmerunningwaslikeshesawSantaClaus,”Laskarecalls.That’swhenshestartedtakingherone-milejogsuptoa5km,10km,half-marathonandeventuallymarathondistance.In2015,sheranherfirstmarathonandwonthefirstplaceinheragegroup.“Whatmotivatedmewasthatitwasn’tashardasIthought,”saysLaska,whohaslostatotalof140poundsandkeptitoffforfouryears.“Peoplemakehugedecisions,butIjustmadeasmallchoicetotakeawalk.”Sheemphasizesthatthesesmalldecisionscansnowballintosignificantchanges.TakinglifeonestepatatimehasnotonlyimprovedLaska’swell-beingbutpromotedrelationshipswithherhusbandandkidsandevenbroughtonapromotionatwork.Whenaskedaboutthekeytolosingweight,Laskasays,“Exercise.Forme,itisnotaboutrunningamarathon,butaboutthosedailydecisionstojustgooutside.”4.WhydidLaskawanttochangeherlifestyle?A.Toremainyoung. B.Toreduceweight.C.Toinspirechildren. D.Toappreciatemusic.5.HowdidLaskabeginherexercisejourney?A.Byjustgoingonfoot. B.Byforminganewhabit.C.Byrunningalongacourt. D.Bysimplychangingdiets.6.WhatdroveLaskatorunlonger?A.Herkid’samazementatherrunning. B.Reachingaplateauinlosingweight.C.Significantchangesbroughtbyrunning. D.Gettingaprizeinrunningmarathons.7.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellus?A.Betterlatethannever. B.Morehaste,lessspeed.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Smallsteps,bigbenefits.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了斯蒂芬妮·拉斯卡改变自己的生活方式，最终成功减重并保持健康的故事。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Itwasn’tuntilshereachedher40s,weighingaround300pounds,thatshedecidedtochangeherlifestyle.(直到她40多岁，体重达到300磅左右时，她才决定改变自己的生活方式)”可知，拉斯卡改变生活方式是因为她想减轻体重。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Initially,Laskadecidedtojustwalk.Gradually,sheaddedrunningtoherroutine.(起初，拉斯卡决定只是走路。渐渐地，她在日常活动中加入了跑步)”可知，拉斯卡只是通过步行开始了她的锻炼之旅。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段““Thelookonmydaughter’sfacewhenshesawmerunningwaslikeshesawSantaClaus,”Laskarecalls.That’swhenshestartedtakingherone-milejogsuptoa5km,10km,half-marathonandeventuallymarathondistance.

(拉斯卡回忆道：“当我女儿看到我跑步时，她脸上的表情就像看到了圣诞老人。”。从那时起，她开始慢跑一英里，跑完5公里、10公里、半程马拉松，最终跑完马拉松)”可知，拉斯卡的孩子对她跑步感到惊讶，这驱使她跑得更远。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Sheemphasizesthatthesesmalldecisionscansnowballintosignificantchanges.(她强调，这些小的决定可以像滚雪球一样变成巨大的变化)”可知，作者想告诉我们小步前进，大有裨益。故选D。COnawarmanddampJunemorning,EmilyBickwindsthroughafieldofknee-highcorn.Itfeelslikethatquiet,expectation-filledmomentbeforeaconcert:Techpeoplearesettingupmicrophones,connectingwires.Thestarofthisparticularshowisthemicrophoneitself.Researchassistantsareattachingittothecornstalks(茎),aninnovationthatBicknamedtheInsectEavesdropper(窃听器).Bick,aninsectscientist,researcheswaystobetterdetecttheagriculturalpeststhatdriveseriouseconomiclossesworldwide.Shesaysimprovingthesemethodscouldresultinusingpesticidesmorestrategically—lessoften,atjusttherighttime.Cornrootworm,alsoknownasthe“billion-dollarbug,”feedsoncornroots,limitingtheplant’snutrientsupplyandmakingstalksfallover.Asaresult,20%ofthecropislosttotheinsecteveryyear.Worsestill,climatechangeisbringingnewchallenges,suchasthemultiplicationofinsectsinwarmertemperatures.Inourglobalsociety,expertssayrapidpestdetectionwillbecriticaltofoodproduction.Bick’ssolutiontotheproblemofpestdetectionissound:Eavesdroppingontheuniquevibrations(震动)thataninsectmakeswhenchewingonaplanttoidentifytheinsectitself.TheInsectEavesdropperusesacontactmicrophone,anaffordabledevicethatmusiciansoftenuseoninstruments.Alittlediscsitsonasolidobject—likecorn—andcapturesthevibrationsmovingthroughit,registeringeachonewithanelectricalsignal.“Whencornrootwormfeedsontheroots,thevibrationtranslatesfromtherootsystemtothestalk,”Bicksays.“That’swherewe’repickingitup.We’reusingtheplantasthemusicalinstrument,asessentiallytheoutsideofaguitar.”Bickandhercolleagues’findingsaren’tpublishedyet,butasofnow,theirdetectionmethodisanywherefrom80%to96%accurate.Theteamarestillworkingonthedata-processingpipeline,buthopetheycangettheInsectEavesdropperontheshelfinacoupleofyears.Theirgoalistoadvancepestdetection—andmaybeinspirepeopletolistentoeverythingalittlecloser.8.WhatisBick’spurposeinworkinginthecornfield?A.Toprepareforaconcert. B.Toarrangeforastudy.C.Tomaketheshowspecial. D.Toinnovateplantingways.9.Whyiscornrootwormnamed“billion-dollarbug”?A.Itsnutrientisrich. B.Itcausesgreatloss.C.Itsnumberislimited. D.Itbringshugeprofits.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph3referto?A.Thecorn. B.Thesignal. C.Thesystem. D.Thevibration.11.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribetheInsectEavesdropper?A.Perfect. B.Inspiring. C.Promising. D.Purchasable.【答案】8.B9.B10.D11.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种检测农业害虫的创新设备“昆虫窃听器”，解释了其工作原理和发展前景。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“OnawarmanddampJunemorning,EmilyBickwindsthroughafieldofknee-highcorn.Itfeelslikethatquiet,expectation-filledmomentbeforeaconcert:Techpeoplearesettingupmicrophones,connectingwires.Thestarofthisparticularshowisthemicrophoneitself.Researchassistantsareattachingittothecornstalks(茎),aninnovationthatBicknamedtheInsectEavesdropper(窃听器).(6月一个温暖潮湿的早晨，艾米丽·比克蜿蜒穿过一片及膝高的玉米地。这感觉就像音乐会前那种安静、充满期待的时刻：技术人员正在安装麦克风、连接电线。这个节目的主角是麦克风本身。研究助理正在将它附着在玉米秸秆上，比克将这项创新命名为‘昆虫窃听器’)”以及第二段中“Bick,aninsectscientist,researcheswaystobetterdetecttheagriculturalpeststhatdriveseriouseconomiclossesworldwide.(比克是一名昆虫科学家，他研究如何更好地检测造成全球严重经济损失的农业害虫。)

”可知，比克在玉米地里工作的目的是为一项研究做安排。故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Bick,aninsectscientist,researcheswaystobetterdetecttheagriculturalpeststhatdriveseriouseconomiclossesworldwide.(比克是一名昆虫科学家，他研究如何更好地检测造成全球严重经济损失的农业害虫)”以及“Cornrootworm,alsoknownasthe“billion-dollarbug,”feedsoncornroots,limitingtheplant’snutrientsupplyandmakingstalksfallover.Asaresult,20%ofthecropislosttotheinsecteveryyear.(玉米根虫，也被称为‘十亿美元虫’，以玉米根为食，限制了植物的营养供应，使秸秆倒下。结果，每年有20%的作物被昆虫吞噬)”可知，玉米根虫被命名为“十亿美元虫”因为它造成巨大损失。故选B。【10题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Alittlediscsitsonasolidobject—likecorn—andcapturesthevibrationsmovingthroughit,registeringeachonewithanelectricalsignal.“Whencornrootwormfeedsontheroots,thevibrationtranslatesfromtherootsystemtothestalk,”Bicksays.(一个小圆盘放在一个固体物体上——比如玉米——并捕捉穿过它的振动，用电信号记录每一个振动。‘当玉米根虫以根为食时，振动从根系统传递到茎，’比克说)”以及后文“We’reusingtheplantasthemusicalinstrument,asessentiallytheoutsideofaguitar.(我们把植物当作乐器，就像吉他的外面一样)”可知，比克主要通过玉米根虫啃食根部的震动来发现这种虫子，故划线词it指代前文中的thevibration“振动”，故选D。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Theteamarestillworkingonthedata-processingpipeline,buthopetheycangettheInsectEavesdropperontheshelfinacoupleofyears.Theirgoalistoadvancepestdetection—andmaybeinspirepeopletolistentoeverythingalittlecloser.(该团队仍在研究数据处理管道，但希望他们能在几年内将昆虫窃听器上架。他们的目标是推进害虫检测——也许还能激励人们更近距离地倾听一切)”可知，昆虫窃听器有潜力提升病虫害监测，由此可知，InsectEavesdropper“昆虫窃听器”很有前景。故选C。DSocratesdeclaredthattheunexaminedlifewasn’tworthlivingforahumanbeing,implyingthatweshouldattempttoknowourselves,tothinkthroughouractions,choices,prejudices,andattitudes.Butwhenitcomestothinkingaboutourownhappinessandwhatmakesourlivesgowell,itreallydoesseemthatthisreflectiveattitudecanruinourchancesoffindingwhatweseek.Perhapsit’snotsurprisingthatwearebetterdesignedforengaginginotheractivitiesthanreflectingonhowbesttoachieveourownhappinessandwell-being.Doingthingsthatenhanceourgrowthinphysical,socialandintellectualareastendstobringtherewardoffeelinggood,andsostimulatesusfurthertopursuethoseactivities.Sittingaroundreflectingonwhatwillmakeushappyisalotlessefficientthanchasingthethingsthatmakeushappy,andifwethinktoomuch,thereisanopportunitycost—timethatwecouldhavespentinaworthwhileactivityhasgonewhilewewerethinkingdeeplyaboutthebestwaytodevelop.ThephilosopherDavidhaswrittenabouttheroleofreflectivethinkinginsports.Oneofhisobservationsisthatwhilesportspeopleneedtothinkaboutthebasicactionstheyareperforming,itcanbecounterproductivetostartthinkingabouttheelementsmakingupthoseactions.Afootballerneedstothinkaboutkickingtheballlowandhardtotheleftofthegoalkeeper,butnottooverthinkthemechanicsoftheprecisesmallmovementsoflegsandfeetthatproducethatoutcome.Ifheorshedoesstartthissortofthoughtprocess,itveryoftenleadstoapoorershot.What’sneededisakindofautomaticresponsetothesituation.Perhapssomethingsimilarisgoingoninourlife.Thosepeoplewhostartdetailedprogramsofself-developmentinvariousdimensions,focusingondiet,habits,exercise,mentalactivity,workoutput,andsoon,arelikethefootballerthinkingthroughthesmallmusclemovements.Perhapstheirwell-meaningself-reflectionontheirowndevelopmentandhowtheywanttoachieveit,istheverythingthatwillmakeahighlevelofdevelopmentforeverunobtainableforthem.12.Whatmaycauseanopportunitycost?A.Spendingtimeonworthyactivities. B.Joininginsocialmeetingsactively.C.Gettingstuckinmuchself-reflection. D.Doingphysicalexercisesefficiently.13.WhydoestheauthormentionDavid’sobservations?A.Topraiseawisephilosopher. B.Toteachreadersfootballskills.C.Tociteacaseofoverthinking. D.Toargueforreflectivethinking.14.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreadersdotoachievetheirgoals?A.Makeacomprehensiveplan. B.Adoptadirectapproach.C.Thinkcarefullybeforeaction. D.Attachimportancetodetails.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthistext?A.TheRiskofOverthinking B.TheKeytoWell-beingC.TheWaytoThinkReflectively D.TheMethodtoDevelopYourself【答案】12.C13.C14.B15.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了过度思考带来的种种弊端，告诫我们不要过度思考。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Sittingaroundreflectingonwhatwillmakeushappyisalotlessefficientthanchasingthethingsthatmakeushappy,andifwethinktoomuch,thereisanopportunitycost—timethatwecouldhavespentinaworthwhileactivityhasgonewhilewewerethinkingdeeplyaboutthebestwaytodevelop.(坐下来思考什么能让我们快乐比追求让我们快乐的事情效率低得多，如果我们想得太多，就会有机会成本——我们本可以花在有价值的活动上的时间，而我们却在深入思考最好的发展方式)”可知，困于过度的自我反思会导致机会成本，故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Oneofhisobservationsisthatwhilesportspeopleneedtothinkaboutthebasicactionstheyareperforming,itcanbecounterproductivetostartthinkingabouttheelementsmakingupthoseactions.(他的一个观察是，虽然运动员需要思考他们正在执行的基本动作，但开始思考构成这些动作的元素可能会适得其反)”可推知，作者提到David的观察是为了举例说明过度思考的劣势。故选C。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“What’sneededisakindofautomaticresponsetothesituation.(我们需要是一种对情况的自动响应)”可知，作者建议读者采取一个直接的方法来达成目标。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Butwhenitcomestothinkingaboutourownhappinessandwhatmakesourlivesgowell,itreallydoesseemthatthisreflectiveattitudecanruinourchancesoffindingwhatweseek.(但是，当我们思考自己的幸福以及是什么让我们的生活变得美好时，这种反思的态度似乎真的会破坏我们找到我们所寻求的东西的机会)”以及全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了过度思考带来的种种弊端，告诫我们不要过度思考。由此可知，A项“过度思考的风险”适合作为文章的标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Meetingminutesaretheofficialsummaryofwhathappenedduringameeting.Theyserveasanoutline,awrittenrecordforanyoneunabletoattend,andtouseforfuturereference.___16___Sohowtowritemeetingminutes?Herearethebasicsyoushouldfollow.Beconcise(简明的).___17___Astheminutestaker,yourjobistodocumentwhatishappeningatthemeeting.Thisisawrittenrecordthatcoversjustthemainpoints.Youdon’tneedanexactaccountingofeverythingthatissaid.Justnotethefacts.Avoidpersonalobservationswhenwritingmeetingminutes.Ifyouwanttotakeseparatenotesofyourown,youarewelcometodoso.___18___Someofthisisboringinformationtokeeptrackof:meetingnames,dateandtime,actionitemsanddecisionsmade.Butlateron,thosemeetingnotesmaycontainessentialinformationtokeepeveryoneonthesamepageaboutwhathappenedduringthatmeeting.___19___Withmeetingminutes,it’simportanttowritedownwhoattendedthemeeting,butalsowhodidn’t,sothereisnoconfusionaboutwhomayhavediscussedorvotedonanissue.Useatemplate(模版)fortherightformat.Ifyou’rewritingformalmeetingminutes,followacertainformat.Fortradeunions,schools,cityandcountygovernments,andothers,youmayneedtofollowRobert’sRulesofOrder.Whilewritinginformalmeetingminutes,youhavemoreflexibility.Thinkofwhatyourorganizationneeds,andwhat’sbeendoneinthepast.___20___A.Notewhoisunabletoattend.B.Thenimproveonthatprocess.C.Don’tincludepersonalthoughtsorobservations.D.Yourcreativewritingskillsmusttakeabackseat.E.Butthemeetingminutesshouldbeafactualrecordofwhatwasdiscussed.F.Thesenotestypicallyhighlightthekeyissuesthatwerediscussedatthemeeting.G.Whenwrittenwell,meetingminutesareacriticalcommunicationtoolforyourorganization.【答案】16.G17.D18.E19.A20.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了写会议纪要的一些基本准则。【16题详解】上文“(会议纪要是会议期间发生的事情的正式摘要。它们作为大纲，为无法参加的任何人提供书面记录，并供将来参考)”指出会议纪要很重要，下文“Sohowtowritemeetingminutes?(那么会议纪要怎么写呢？)”提出如何写会议纪要，由此可知，空处应与书写会议纪要有关，G项“如果写得好，会议纪要对于你的组织来说是一个重要的沟通工具。”符合，引起下文，故选G。【17题详解】下文“Astheminutestaker,yourjobistodocumentwhatishappeningatthemeeting.Thisisawrittenrecordthatcoversjustthemainpoints.Youdon’tneedanexactaccountingofeverythingthatissaid.(作为会议记录员，你的工作是记录会议上发生的情况。这是一份书面记录，仅涵盖要点。你不需要对所说的一切进行精确的计算)”指出写会议纪要时要求准确，即不能加入个人创意，D项“你的创意写作技巧必须退居二线。”符合，故选D。【18题详解】上下文“Someofthisisboringinformationtokeeptrackof:meetingnames,dateandtime,actionitemsanddecisionsmade.(其中一些是需要跟踪无聊信息：会议名称、日期和时间、行动项目和做出的决定。)”具体指出写会议纪要时应该记的一些事实，E项“但会议纪要应该是所讨论内容的事实记录。”符合，引起下文，故选E。【19题详解】下文“Withmeetingminutes,it’simportanttowritedownwhoattendedthemeeting,butalsowhodidn’t,sothereisnoconfusionaboutwhomayhavediscussedorvotedonanissue.(在会议纪要中，重要的是写下谁参加了会议，也写下了谁没有参加，这样就不会混淆谁可能对某个问题进行了讨论或投票)”指出要记录下谁无法参加会议，A项“请注意谁无法参加。”能概括本段内容，适合作本段小标题，故选A。【20题详解】上文“Whilewritinginformalmeetingminutes,youhavemoreflexibility.Thinkofwhatyourorganizationneeds,andwhat’sbeendoneinthepast.

(在撰写非正式会议纪要时，你拥有更大的灵活性。想想你的组织需要什么，以及过去做了什么)”指出撰写非正式会议纪要时你有很大灵活性，可以想想你的组织需要什么，以及过去做了什么，空处也应承接上文，指出如何灵活地撰写非正式会议纪要，B项“然后改进该过程。”符合，故选B。第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Onesummerday,Iwasbattlingasevereheadache.SoIdecidedto___21___outsideforsomefreshair.LittledidIknowa(n)___22___turnwaswaitingahead.Iwasstaringatafishpond,my___23___rescuedogMistynearby,whensuddenlyI___24___.Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately___25___meoutofthewater,savingmeslowlybut___26___.She’dmanagedtogetmyupperbodyonland,bringingmearoundbylicking(舔)myfaceandbarkingloudly.OnceIgottomy___27___,shehadmywristinhermouth,guidingmeawayfromthe___28___andtowardsthehouse,whereIcouldcallforhelp.Clearly,shehadbeendrivenbyastrongsenseofprotection,attemptingtoensuremy___29___.Soon,medicalworkersarrived.Astheyattendedtome,Mistyneverleftmyside.They____30____thatIhadaslightheadinjuryandsaidIcouldhavedrownedifMistyhadn’t____31____soquickly.Now,wheneverI’mintheyard,Misty____32____meandalwaysmakessureshe’sbetweenmeandthepond.Thisunique____33____betweenusfillsmewithasenseof____34____.Notmanypeoplecananswer“Whorescuedwho?”likemebecausethisquestion____35____asignificantpersonalmeaning.21.A.play B.step C.live D.search22.A.challenging B.surprising C.unexpected D.unrealized23.A.devoted B.dull C.gentle D.adorable24.A.sloweddown B.satdown C.stretchedout D.passedout25.A.tearing B.shaking C.lifting D.dragging26.A.hardly B.slightly C.surely D.helplessly27.A.feet B.back C.way D.side28.A.path B.pond C.track D.route29.A.health B.comfort C.satisfaction D.safety30.A.determined B.demanded C.promised D.taught31.A.appeared B.acted C.barked D.delivered32.A.follows B.avoids C.touches D.licks33.A.expectation B.thought C.bond D.secret34.A.achievement B.appreciation C.responsibility D.belonging35.A.changes B.confirms C.holds D.ignores【答案】21.B22.C23.A24.D25.D26.C27.A28.B29.D30.A31.B32.A33.C34.B35.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者被救援犬Misty救起并与其建立深厚联系的故事。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以我决定出去走走，呼吸点新鲜空气。A.play玩；B.step走；C.live居住；D.search搜索。根据前文“Onesummerday,Iwasbattlingasevereheadache.”可知，作者正在与严重的头痛作斗争。所以作者决定出去走走，呼吸新鲜空气。stepoutside为固定短语，意为“走出去”。故选B。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我压根不知道前方会有一个意想不到的转折。A.challenging有挑战性的；B.surprising令人惊讶的；C.unexpected意想不到的；D.unrealized未实现的。根据前文“LittledidIknow”后文“Iwasstaringatafishpond,my3rescuedogMistynearby,whensuddenlyI4.”可知，作者突然晕倒了，这是作者压根没想到的事情，所以此处表示“意想不到的转折”。故选C。【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我正盯着一个鱼塘，我忠诚的救援犬Misty在附近。A.devoted忠诚的；B.dull枯燥的；C.gentle温柔的；D.adorable可爱的。根据后文“savingmeslowlybut”可知，Misty救了作者，所以此处表示Misty是忠诚的救援犬。故选A。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我正盯着一个鱼塘，我忠诚的救援犬Misty在附近，突然我晕倒了。A.sloweddown减速；B.satdown坐下；C.stretchedout伸出；D.passedout晕倒。根据后文“Later,IstartedawaketofindMistydesperately5meoutofthewater”可知，后文描述作者醒过来，所以此处指作者晕倒了。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来我醒来，发现Misty正拼命把我从水里拖出来，慢慢地但坚定地救我。A.tearing撕扯；B.shaking摇晃；C.lifting举起；D.dragging拖。根据后文“meoutofthewater,savingmeslowly”可知，Misty是在救作者，所以此处指Misty把作者从水里拖出来。dragsb.outof...意为“把某人从……拖出来”。故选D。【26题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：后来我醒来，发现Misty正拼命把我从水里拖出来，慢慢地但坚定地救我。A.hardly几乎不；B.slightly稍微；C.surely确定地；D.helplessly无助地。根据前文“meoutofthewater,savingmeslowly”可知，Misty在救作者，所以此处指Misty坚定地救作者。故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我站了起来，她就咬住我的手腕，引导我离开池塘，向房子走去，在那里我可以呼救。A.feet脚；B.back背部；C.way道路；D.side边。根据后文“guidingmeawayfromthe8andtowardsthehouse”可知，Misty是在引导作者离开池塘，所以此处指作者站了起来。gettoone’sfeet意为“站起来”。故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一旦我站了起来，她就咬住我的手腕，引导我离开池塘，向房子走去，在那里我可以呼救。A.path小路；B.pond池塘；C.track轨道；D.route路线。根据前文“Iwasstaringatafishpond,my3rescuedogMistynearby,whensuddenlyI4.”可知，作者正盯着一个鱼塘时突然晕倒了，此处表示Misty引导作者离开池塘。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：显然，她受到了强烈的保护感的驱使，试图确保我的安全。A.health健康；B.comfort舒适；C.satisfaction满意；D.safety安全。根据前文“shehadbeendrivenbyastrongsenseofprotection,attemptingtoensuremy”可知，Misty试图确保作者的安全。故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们断定我头部受了轻伤，说如果Misty没有这么快行动的话，我可能会淹死。A.determined断定；B.demanded要求；C.promised承诺；D.taught教。根据后文“thatIhadaslightheadinjury”可知，医生断定作者头部受了轻伤。故选A。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们断定我头部受了轻伤，说如果Misty没有这么快行动的话，我可能会淹死。A.appeared出现；B.acted行动；C.barked吠叫；D.delivered递送。根据前文“Mistydesperately5meoutofthewater,savingmeslowly”和“IcouldhavedrownedifMistyhadn’t”可知，Misty救了作者，所以此处指如果Misty没有这么快行动的话，作者可能会淹死。故选B。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我在院子里时，Misty都会跟着我，并确保她在我和池塘之间。A.follows跟随；B.avoids避免；C.touches触摸；D.licks舔。根据后文“andalwaysmakessureshe’sbetweenmeandthepond”可知，Misty会确保她在作者和池塘之间，所以此处指每当作者在院子里时，Misty都会跟着作者。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之间这种独特的联系让我充满了感激之情。A.expectation期待；B.thought想法；C.bond联系；D.secret秘密。根据前文“Now,wheneverI’mintheyard,Misty12meandalwaysmakessureshe’sbetweenmeandthepond.”和后文“betweenus”可知，此处表示作者和Misty之间独特的联系让作者有了一种感觉，bond意为“联系”，符合语境。故选C。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们之间这种独特的联系让我充满了感激之情。A.achievement成就；B.appreciation感激；C.responsibility责任；D.belonging归属。根据前文“Now,wheneverI’mintheyard,Misty12meandalwaysmakessureshe’sbetweenmeandthepond.”可知，每当作者在院子里时，Misty都会跟着作者，作者和Misty之间有着特殊的联系，这让作者充满了感激。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有多少人能像我一样回答“谁救了谁？”这个问题，因为这个问题有着重大的个人意义。A.changes改变；B.confirms确认；C.holds包含；D.ignores忽视。根据后文“asignificantpersonalmeaning”可知，这个问题有着重大的个人意义，所以此处表示“包含”。故选C。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。TownplanningwasaparticularconcerntotheChinese,withmanyofitsnotablefeaturesstill___36___(contribute)significantlytomodernarchitecture.Thiswasbestseeninthetwolongest-servingcapitalsofLuoyangandChang’an,whichwerelaidoutwithwideavenues(林荫道)andsmallerstreetscrossingeachotherat90-degreeangles___37___(create)acarpetofpreciseshapeofsquares.Often,___38___idealcapitalcitycoveredatotalareaofabouteightysquarekilometersandwasringedbyadefensivewallandthisstructure,inplacesreachingaheightofuptotenmeters,___39___(provide)agreatbarrier.Inthecity,thepreciseplacementofbuildingswasfrequentlydeterminedbyandcarefullyassessedinrelation___40___geographicalcharacteristicsofthesurroundingenvironment.Manyimportantancientbuildings,liketheroyal___41___(complex)inthepastdynasties,werepositionedinlinewithanorth-southdirectionwhile___42___(important)structuresweregenerallybuiltontheeastandwestsidesofthemainbuildings.Ifabuildingconsistedofdifferentparts___43___(connect)bycourtyards,thesepartswereallarrangedinthesamelineonebehindanother.Thistypeoflayoutquicklydevelopedandbecame___44___(wide)usedinsubsequentcenturies,establishingitselfasthemosttypicalapproachtotraditionalChineseurbanplanning,___45___wasgenerallyacknowledgedasthesquare-blockdesignoftowns.【答案】36contributing37.tocreate38.an39.provided40.to41.complexes42.lessimportant43.connected44.widely45.which【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国古代城镇规划对现代建筑仍有重要贡献。【36题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：城市规划是中国人特别关注的问题，其许多显着特征至今仍对现代建筑做出了重大贡献。此处是with复合结构，宾语manyofitsnotablefeatures和动词contribute是主动关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语，故填contributing。【37题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一点在洛阳和长安这两个历史最悠久的都城中得到了最好的体现，它们的宽阔大道和较小的街道以90度角相互交叉，形成了一块精确的正方形地毯。此处是非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，应用不定式做目的状语，故填tocreate。【38题详解】考查冠词。句意：通常，一个理想的都城总面积约为八十平方公里，周围有防御墙，这种结构在某些地方高达十米，提供了巨大的屏障。此处泛指一个理想的都城，应用不定冠词，且ideal发音是以元音音素开头，应用an，故填an。【39题详解】考查时态。句意：通常，一个理想的都城总面积约为八十平方公里，周围有防御墙，这种结构在某些地方高达十米，提供了巨大的屏障。此处在句中作谓语，thisstructure是主语，由covered和wasringed可知，应用一般过去时，故填provided。【40题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：在