2024-2025中考英语专题训练专题：名词

2024-2025中考英语专题训练专题：名词名词的数1.概述：名词按其表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。2.可数名词及其单复数：可数名词有单复数变化，其前通常用不定冠词和数词来修饰，还可用many，few,afew,some,any,plentyof,lotsof,anumberof等修饰。构成名词复数形式的方法分为规则法和不规则法两种。1)复数的规则构成法：绝大多数英语中的名词复数都是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。具体规则如下图：规则例词一般情况下加-sapple-apples,ruler-rulers以s,x,ch,sh,结尾的加-esbus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,brush-brushes以辅音字母加y结尾的，把y变成i再加-escity-cities,county-countries以f或fe结尾的，把f或fe变成v，再加-esknife-knives,leaf-leaves以o结尾的，有的词尾加-es，有的加-s在初中英语范围内加-es的主要有以下4个：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoesHero-heroes,Negro-Negroes2)复数的不规则构成法：a.单复同形的:Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,deer-deer,sheep-sheep,fish-fish(表示鱼的数量)b.熟记下列词的复数变化:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,child-childrenc.以man,woman做定语构成的复合名词,变复数时要全变:amanteacher-twomenteachers;其他情况一般只变主体名词而作定语的名词不变:agirlstudent-twogirlstudents3.不可数名词：不可数名词没有单复数。如：water，meat，air等。在表示数量时，通常用以下方法。1)用some,much,alittle,little,alotof,lotsof,plentyof等表示多少。Thereislittlemilkathome.Theoldmanhaslotsofmoney.2)若要表示不可数名词的数量，应用“数词+量词+of+名词”这种形式，若数字超过一，量词应用复数形式。如:aglassofwater-twoglassesofwater,apieceofbread-twopiecesofbread1.专有名词:专有名词是表示特定的人,事物,地点等,如:Tom,China,theUnitedKingdom.专有名词的第一个字母一般大写，大部分专有名词前一般不用冠词。2.名词的所有格：1.概述：名词的所有格在句中是表示所有关系，作定语。2.名词所有格的构成：名词所有格包括-s所有格和of所有格两种形式。无生命的名词的所有格通常用of短语来表示所有关系。如:thenameoftheschool,thewindowofthehouse等。-s所有格主要用于有生命的东西和表示时间，距离，国家等的名词后。构成方法如下：1)一般直接在名词后加’s.如:Jim’sbook2)复数名词的所有格，若以s/es结尾只加撇号，不以s/es结尾仍加’s。如：Children'sDay,theteachers'office.3)“and”连接的并列名词的所有格，表示两人“共有”只在后一个名词尾加’s；表示“各自拥有”,两个名词尾都要加’s.如:JimandLucy'sbook(共有);Jane'sandTom'sbooks(不共有)4)表示店铺或某人的家等处所时,常在名词的所有格后省去shop,house,home等。如:thebarber's,atmyuncle's5)表示时间，距离，国家，城市的无生命名词，可以在词尾加’s或’表示所有格，如：today’snewspaper,fiveminutes’walk.3.双重所有格1)名词双重所有格的含义：of+名词所有格称为双重所有格，这种结构中，of前面是一部分，of后面是一个整体。例如:MrWangisafriendofmyfather's.(=MrWangisoneofmyfather'sfriends.)王先生是我父亲的一个朋友.2)名词双重所有格的构成方法：a.of前面的名词前面通常有一个含泛指意义的限定词,如a,any,some,no,few,several以及two,three等。例如:HaveyoureadanystoriesofLeiFeng's?你看过雷锋的故事吗?Theygavemesomebooksoftheirs.他们把他们的一些书给了我。Threeclassmatesofmysister'shavefoundgoodjobs.我姐姐的三个同学已经找到了好工作。b.有时of前面的名词前面可以用指示代词this，that表示某种感情色彩。例如：ThatanswerofJim'swasright.吉姆的那个回答是对的。Somethingiswrongwiththiseyeofmine.我的这只眼睛出了毛病。c.of后面带有's的名词或名词性物主代词通常是特指的人。例如：That'sabookofLuXun's.这是鲁迅的一本书。Thisisachildoftheirs.那是他们的一个孩子。3)名词的双重所有格与“of+名词”结构之间的区别：a..句子所表达的侧重点不同。试比较：Heisafriendofmyfather's.(着重说明“父亲”的朋友不止一个)Heisafriendofmyfather.(着重说明“他”是父亲的一个朋友)b.of前面是picture等词时,含义不同。试比较:Thisisapictureofmyteacher's.这是我老师收藏的一张照片。Thisisapictureofmyteacher.这是我老师的一张照片。实战演练(一)1.June1stisDayallovertheworld.JuneIstis———Dayallovertheworld.A.Child'sB.Children'sC.Childrens'2.September10thisDayinChina.A.Teacher'sB.Teachers'C.Teacher3.Thisisnews.A.suchagoodB.averygoodC.suchgood4.—Whatitis!—Let’sgoouttohaveapicnic.A.afineweatherB.finedayC.afineday5.TomandIgotoschooleveryday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfoot6.-Arethose?-No,theyaren't.They’re.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cow7.Agroupofaretalkingwithtwooverthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;Frenchmen8.Thatdoctordranktwo.A.glassofwaterB.glassesofwatersC.cupsoftea9.Mrs.Smithisanoldfriendof.A.BobmotherB.Bob'smother'sC.motherofBob10.Thetallmanwithabignoseisclassmate.A.TomandCarlB.Tom'sandCarl'sC.TomandCarl's11.Intime,therewillbemoretallbuildingsinourcity.A.fewyearB.afewyears'C.afewyear’s12.Howmanydoyouwanteverymonth?A.milkB.waterC.apples13.-Whoseisthisnewbicycle?-It's.A.SueandJim'sB.SueandJimC.Sue'sandJim's14.-Wouldyouliketea?-No,thanks.I'vedrunktwo.A.any;bottlesoforangeB.alittle;bottleoforangesC.some;bottlesoforange15.-Howmanydoyouwant?-Two,please.A.kilosofeggB.kiloofeggsC.kilosofeggs16.Thebusstopistwofromourhouse.A.hour'sdriveB.hours'driveC.hour-drive17.-Whereareyougoing,Amy?-.A.TomyuncleB.Tomyuncle’sC.Atmyuncle18.Haveyouread?A.anewspaperoftoday'sB.todaynewspaperC.today'snewspaper19.Lucyputalotofinoftea.A.sugar;thetwocupB.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocups20.Tomatoes,broccoli,andarevegetables.A.bananasB.potatoesC.noodles21.-Helpyourselftosome.-Thankyou.Ireallylikethem.A.fishB.orangeC.cakes22.Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.atoothC.teeth23.Weallhadlastmonth.Didyoutraveltoanywhere?A.threedays'holidayB.threeday'sholidayC.three-daysholiday24.Whenautumncomes,ofmosttreesturnyellowandthenfalldown.A.leafB.leaveC.leaves25.TomorrowI'mgoingtomy.It'sa.Aaunt...fiveminutes'walkBaunt's...fiveminute'swalkCaunt's...fiveminutes'walk26.Acomputerisoneofthegreatestinthiscentury.AinventorsBinventionsCinvitations27.Wehaven'thomeworktodotoday.AmanyBsomeCmuch28.Threehoursenoughforaboytoreadbooks.Ais...ten-year-oldBare...ten-year-oldCis...ten-years-old29.thatpairofnewnice?AIs...shoeBAre...shoesCIs...shoes30.Mary,I'veboughtmany.Nowlet'smakethebirthdaycake.AfresheggsBchocolatemilkCfood31.Thetwoaremy.Awomandoctors...friendsBwomendoctors...friendsCwomendoctors...friend32.Thesearehouses.ALeeandmyuncleBtheLee'sandmyuncle'sCtheLees'andmyuncle33.Weare.Theyare.AChinese...GermenBChinese...GermanCChinese...Germans34.Thereapencilandtwobooksonthedesk.A.hasB.isC.are35.Anumberofstudentsfortheschoolbusnow.A.iswaitingB.arewaitingC.waits36.Thenumberofstudentsintheclasslarge.A.areB.hasC.is37.Aisusedforkeepingwarm.A.stampB.scarfC.key38.Thereisnointhebussowehavetowaitforanotherbus.A.roomB.aroomC.rooms39.---Thisisaphotoofwhentheywereyoung.---OK,howhappytheybothlooked!A.myfatherandmotherB.mymotherandfather'sC.mymother'sandfather's40.Thenewstudentisin,GradeTwo.A.ClassThirdB.ThirdClassC.ClassThree41.---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?---,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeeC.Twocoffee42DuringChristmas,peoplegettogetherandsingChristmassongsfor.A.funB.wishesC.intere