2024年二级专业翻译资格复习资料

2024年二级专业翻译资格复习资料一、词汇积累（一）政治经济类1.“以人民为中心的发展思想”：thepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophy例句：我们必须坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，不断提升人民的生活质量。Wemustadheretothepeople-centereddevelopmentphilosophyandcontinuouslyimprovepeople'squalityoflife.2.“经济高质量发展”：high-qualityeconomicdevelopment例句：推动经济高质量发展是当前我国经济工作的重点。Promotinghigh-qualityeconomicdevelopmentisthefocusofChina'scurrenteconomicwork.3.“宏观经济政策跨周期调节”：cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicies例句：实施宏观经济政策跨周期调节有助于保持经济的稳定增长。Implementingcross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpolicieshelpsmaintainstableeconomicgrowth.4.“共同富裕”：commonprosperity例句：实现共同富裕是社会主义的本质要求。Achievingcommonprosperityisanessentialrequirementofsocialism.5.“数字经济”：digitaleconomy例句：数字经济已经成为推动全球经济增长的新动力。Thedigitaleconomyhasbecomeanewdrivingforceforglobaleconomicgrowth.（二）科技文化类1.“人工智能”：artificialintelligence(AI)例句：人工智能在医疗、交通等领域有着广泛的应用。Artificialintelligencehasawiderangeofapplicationsinfieldssuchashealthcareandtransportation.2.“大数据”：bigdata例句：大数据分析可以帮助企业更好地了解市场需求。Bigdataanalysiscanhelpenterprisesbetterunderstandmarketdemand.3.“文化软实力”：culturalsoftpower例句：提升文化软实力对于增强国家综合实力至关重要。Enhancingculturalsoftpoweriscrucialforstrengtheningacountry'soverallstrength.4.“非物质文化遗产”：intangibleculturalheritage例句：保护非物质文化遗产是传承民族文化的重要举措。Protectingintangibleculturalheritageisanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.5.“虚拟现实”：virtualreality(VR)例句：虚拟现实技术为用户带来了沉浸式的体验。Virtualrealitytechnologybringsimmersiveexperiencestousers.（三）社会民生类1.“社会保障体系”：socialsecuritysystem例句：完善的社会保障体系可以为人民提供基本的生活保障。Asoundsocialsecuritysystemcanprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.2.“就业优先政策”：employment-firstpolicy例句：实施就业优先政策有助于缓解就业压力。Implementingtheemployment-firstpolicyhelpsrelieveemploymentpressure.3.“养老服务”：elderlycareservices例句：随着老龄化社会的到来，养老服务的需求日益增长。Withthearrivalofanagingsociety,thedemandforelderlycareservicesisincreasingdaybyday.4.“住房保障”：housingsecurity例句：政府应该加大住房保障力度，解决中低收入群体的住房问题。Thegovernmentshouldstrengthenhousingsecuritytosolvethehousingproblemsoflow-andmiddle-incomegroups.5.“公共卫生体系”：publichealthsystem例句：健全的公共卫生体系是应对突发公共卫生事件的关键。Asoundpublichealthsystemisthekeytodealingwithpublichealthemergencies.二、语法知识巩固（一）时态的准确运用1.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态；一般过去时只强调过去发生的动作。例1：IhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.（表示从过去开始到现在一直住在北京）例2：IlivedinBeijingfiveyearsago.（只说明过去某个时间住在北京）2.将来完成时表示在将来某个时间之前已经完成的动作。例：Bytheendofnextmonth,Iwillhavefinishedthisproject.（到下个月底，我将已经完成这个项目）（二）虚拟语气1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气从句用一般过去时（be动词用were），主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。例：IfIwereyou,Iwouldacceptthisoffer.（如果我是你，我会接受这个提议）2.与过去事实相反的虚拟语气从句用过去完成时，主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。例：Ifhehadstudiedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.（如果他学习更努力些，他就会通过考试了）（三）定语从句1.限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，不用逗号隔开；非限定性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，用逗号隔开。例1：ThebookthatIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（限定性，说明是昨天买的那本书）例2：Mymother,whoisateacher,lovesreading.（非限定性，对妈妈进行补充说明）2.关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等；关系副词有when,where,why等。例1：Themanwho/thathelpedmeismyfriend.（指人，作主语用who/that）例2：TheplacewhereIwasbornisabeautifulvillage.（指地点，用where）三、翻译技巧提升（一）词类转换1.名词转动词原文：Theuseofatomicenergywillrevolutionizethelivesofcominggenerations.译文：利用原子能将使后代人的生活发生革命性的变化。2.形容词转动词原文：Theyweresuspiciousofhiswords.译文：他们怀疑他的话。（二）增词减词1.增词原文：Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;writinganexactman.译文：读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。（增“使人”）2.减词原文：Themoonwasslowlyrisingabovethesea.译文：月亮正慢慢从海面升起。（减“the”）（三）语序调整原文：Imetanoldfriendinthestreetyesterday.译文：昨天我在街上遇到了一位老朋友。（英语时间状语一般在句末，汉语一般在句首）四、翻译练习（一）汉译英1.中国致力于推动构建人类命运共同体，为世界和平与发展作出贡献。Chinaiscommittedtopromotingthebuildingofacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindandmakingcontributionstoworldpeaceanddevelopment.2.科技创新是推动经济发展的重要动力。Technologicalinnovationisanimportantdrivingforceforeconomicdevelopment.3.教育是民族振兴、社会进步的重要基石。Educationisanimportantcornerstonefornationalrejuvenationandsocialprogress.4.我们应该加强环境保护，共同守护地球家园。WeshouldstrengthenenvironmentalprotectionandjointlysafeguardourplanetEarth.5.文化交流可以增进不同国家和民族之间的相互理解。Culturalexchangescanenhancemutualunderstandingbetweendifferentcountriesandnations.6.这座城市有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化遗产。Thiscityhasalonghistoryandrichculturalheritage.7.政府采取了一系列措施来应对就业问题。Thegovernmenthastakenaseriesofmeasurestoaddresstheemploymentissue.8.互联网的发展改变了人们的生活方式。ThedevelopmentoftheInternethaschangedpeople'slifestyles.9.体育锻炼有助于保持身体健康。Physicalexercisehelpsmaintaingoodhealth.10.随着全球化的发展，国际合作变得越来越重要。Withthedevelopmentofglobalization,internationalcooperationhasbecomeincreasinglyimportant.（二）英译汉1.Thedevelopmentofnewenergysourcesiscrucialforsustainabledevelopment.新能源的开发对于可持续发展至关重要。2.Theinternationalcommunityshouldworktogethertocombatclimatechange.国际社会应该共同努力应对气候变化。3.Thecompanyisplanningtoexpanditsbusinessoverseas.这家公司正计划拓展海外业务。4.Educationisthekeytounlockinghumanpotential.教育是开启人类潜能的关键。5.Therapidgrowthofe-commercehastransformedtheretailindustry.电子商务的快速发展改变了零售业。6.Thegovernmentiscommittedtoimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.政府致力于提高人民的生活水平。7.Theculturaldiversityoftheworldenrichesourlives.世界的文化多样性丰富了我们的生活。8.Theresearchfindingshaveimportantimplicationsforfuturepolicies.这些研究成果对未来的政策有着重要的启示。9.Theuseofadvancedtechnologycanimproveproductionefficiency.先进技术的应用可以提高生产效率。10.Thegoalofpovertyreductionhasbeenachievedinmanydevelopingcountries.许多发展中国家已经实现了减贫目标。五、模拟测试题（一）词汇选择题1.Theconceptof“________”emphasizestheimportanceofpeople'swell-beingindevelopment.A.people-centereddevelopmentphilosophyB.high-qualityeconomicdevelopmentC.cross-cycleadjustmentofmacroeconomicpoliciesD.commonprosperity答案：A2.________referstotheeconomicformbasedondigitaltechnology.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：C3.The________isdesignedtoprovidebasiclivingsecurityforthepeople.A.socialsecuritysystemB.employment-firstpolicyC.elderlycareservicesD.housingsecurity答案：A4.________technologycanbringimmersiveexperiencestousers.A.ArtificialintelligenceB.BigdataC.DigitaleconomyD.Virtualreality答案：D5.The________isanimportantmeasureforinheritingnationalculture.A.culturalsoftpowerB.intangibleculturalheritageC.publichealthsystemD.high-qualityeconomicdevelopment答案：B（二）语法选择题1.IfI________you,I________takethatjob.A.am;willB.were;wouldC.was;wouldD.are;will答案：B2.Bytheendofthisyear,she________thiscourse.A.willfinishB.willhavefinishedC.finishesD.hasfinished答案：B3.Theman________isstandingoverthereismybrother.A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.where答案：A4.I________inBeijingfortenyearsbeforeImovedtoShanghai.A.havelivedB.hadlivedC.livedD.wasliving答案：B5.Thereason________hewaslateisthathemissedthebus.A.whyB.whichC.whoD.that答案：A（三）翻译题1.汉译英：我们要坚持创新驱动发展，加快科技成果转化。Weshouldadheretoinnovation-drivendevelopmentandacceleratethetransformationofscientificandtechnologicalachievements.2.英译汉：Thegovernmenthasimplementedaseriesofpoliciestopromoteeconomicrecovery.政府已经实施了一系列政策来促进经济复苏。3.汉译英：绿色发展是实现可持续发展的必由之路。Greendevelopmentistheonlywaytoachievesustainabledevelopment.4.英译汉：Thedevelopmentof5Gtechnologywillbring