Hz轨道电路组成和工作原理铁路信号基础设备维护课件

25Hz轨道电路组成和工作原理天津铁道职业技术学院铁路信号基础设备维护25kvRegionalpowergridTractionsubstationOverheadcontactsystemPantographLocomotive25kv钢轨接触网牵引变电所

送电端受电端牵引电流轨道电路电流问题1：牵引电流和轨道电流都通过钢轨传递，如何互不干扰？问题2：牵引电流如何越过绝缘节？trackoverheadcontactsystemtractionsubstaionPowertransmissionendReceivingendTractioncurrentTrackcircuitcurrentQuestion1:boththetractioncurrentandtrackcircuithavetoflowinthetrack,howtomakethemworkreliablyandnotaffecteachother?Question2:whenthetractioncurrentmeetsinsulationjoint,howtoletitpassthejointand

flowsmoothly?牵引电流大小相等，上、下部线圈匝数相同，因此产生的磁通方向相反，总磁通等于零,对次级线圈的信号设备没有影响。相邻区段的信号电流，在两轭流变压器初级线圈中点处电位相等，信号电流不会越过绝缘节流向另一区段，而流回本区段，在次级感应出信号电流。扼流变压器信号设备

扼流变压器对牵引电流阻抗很小，通过其上部和下部线圈、中心线流向相邻轨道电路，这样，牵引电流就越过了绝缘节。Whentheamountoftractioncurrentisthesameandthecoilturnsisthesame,thedirectionofthefluxgeneratedisintheoppositedirection,sothefluxgeneratedisopposite,thetotalfluxiszero,itdoesnotaffectthesecondaryequipment.Atthemiddlepointofthechoketransformer,theelectricpotentialisthesame.thesignalequipmentisconnectedatthesecondarysideofthechoketransformer,sowhenthetractioncurrentinthetwotrackisthesame,itwillnotaffectthesignalequipmentChoketransformerSignalequipmentTheinsulationjointisusedtoseparateadjacenttrackcircuits,butinelectrifiedsection,tractioncurrenthastopassthejoint,weadoptthechoketransformer.I1I2当I1≠I2时，牵引电流不平衡，即当△I=I1－I2存在时,扼流变压器一次侧产生的磁通不能相互抵消，在次级产生感应电压，直接侵入轨道电路。扼流变压器I1I2WhenI1≠I2，thetractioncurrentisunbalanced,thatiswhen△I=I1-I2exists,thefluxoftheprimarycannotcounteract,atthesecondaryinducedvoltageisformedwhichaffectstrackcircuitdirectly.Inthiscase,ACtwoelementtwopositionrelayisappliedinthetrackcircuit.Weknowthatwhen50Hztractioncurrentisappliedtotrackcoil,inacycle,thetorquegeneratediszerowhichwillnotdrivethewingboardtooperate,thusavoidstheinterference.Choketransformer中间连接板扼流变压器扼流变压器ConnectionboardChoketransformerInsideofchoketransformerChoketransformerChoketransformer

97型25Hz轨道电路特点1.钢轨牵引引接线采取焊接式，减少接触电阻，提高了轨道电路绝缘破损防护性能。2.25Hz轨道电路采取综合治理的方式，使系统抗干扰能力大大提高。3.将连向钢轨的扼流变压器一长一短引接线设计成等阻线，降低牵引电流归系统的不平衡系数。4.97型25Hz相敏轨道电路优化了二元二位继电器设计和提高工艺设计水平，具有可靠的相位选择性和频率选择性，抗干扰性能强，便于实现电码化。

Featuresof25HztrackcircuitforType971.Railtractionwiringadoptsweldedmodetoreducecontactresistanceandimprovetheinsulationdamageprotectionperformanceoftrackcircuit.2.25Hztrackcircuitadoptsintegratedcontroltogreatlyimprovethesystemanti-interferencecapability.3.Thelongandshortconnectionlineofthechoketransformerconnectedtotherailtoisdesignedastheequalimpedancetoreducetheimbalancecoefficientofthetractioncurrent.4.25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitforType97optimizesthedesignoftwoelementtwopositionrelayandimprovesthecraftworkdesignlevel,withreliablephaseandfrequencyselectivity,stronginterferencepermanenceandeasydecoding.25Hz轨道电路组成97型25Hz相敏轨道电路主要由送电端轨道变压器、送电端扼流变压器、钢轨线路、钢轨绝缘、受电端轨道变压器、受电端扼流变压器、防护盒、二元二位继电器等组成Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitfortype97ismainlycomposedoftracktransformerandchoketransformerinpowertransmissionend,trackline,trackinsulation,tracktransformerandchoketransformerinpowerreceivingend,protectivebox,twoelementtwopositionrelayetc.25Hz轨道电路组成1.送电端设备送电端设备包括：室内轨道电源、1A保险、轨道变压器BG25、限流电阻、10A保险、扼流变压器BE25。（1）室内轨道电源：给25Hz轨道电路供电。（2）1A保险：用于保护220V电源。（3）送端轨道变压器BG25：接设备的是Ⅱ次侧，接电源的是Ⅰ次侧；调整变压器Ⅱ次侧端子，轨道继电器正常工作。（4）限流电阻：保护电源不致因为负荷而损坏，同时保证列车占用轨道电路时，轨道继电器可靠落下，应注意送端限流电阻固定使用，不允许调整。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipmentPowertransmissionequipmentincludes:indoortrackpowersupply,fuseof1A,tracktransformerBG25,currentlimitresistance,fuseof10A,andchoketransformerBE25.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(1)Indoortrackpowersupply:providepowersupplyto25Hztrackcircuit.(2)Fuseof1A:protect220Vpowersupply.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(3)TracktransformerBG25:thesecondaryconnectswiththeequipment,theprimaryconnectswithpowersupply.Regulateterminalsofthetransformerandtrackrelayworksnormally.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(4)Currentlimitresistance:protectthepowersupplyfrombeingdamagedastheloadistoosmall,andensurethatwhenthetrainoccupiesthetrackcircuit,thetrackrelayfallsreliably.Note:thecurrentlimitresistanceisfixedatthepowertransmissionend,andnoadjustment.25Hz轨道电路组成1.送电端设备（5）10A保险：用于分级防护，保护器材，为了防止25Hz相敏轨道电路受瞬间牵引冲击电流的干扰，能安全渡过牵引电流浪涌的冲击。（6）扼流变压器BE25：①扼流变压器用于电气化区段，用来沟通牵引回流，为了解决牵引不平衡增加适配变压器（电感和电容构成）。②牵引圈和信号圈的变比是1:3，其中牵引圈是8+8共计16匝，信号圈是48匝。③送端是降压，受端是升压。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(5)Fuseof10Aisusedtoprotectequipmentbydifferentlevels,topreventtheinterferenceofinstantaneousimpactfromtractioncurrentof25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuit,whichcanprotecttheequipmentfromdamagedbyimpactoftractioncurrentsurge.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(6)ChoketransformerBE25:①Thechoketransformerisusedfortheelectrifiedsectiontocommunicatethetractionreturncurrent.Adaptivetransformerisincreasedtosolvetheproblemofimbalancedtractioncurrent.②Theratioofthetractioncoilandthesignalcoilis1:3,wheretheturnsoftractioncoilis8+8withatotalof16turnsandthesignalcoilis48turns.

③Atthetransmissionenditisstep-down,whileforreceivingendisstep-up.25Hz轨道电路组成（2）受电端设备受电端设备包括：扼流变压器BE25、10A保险、轨道变压器BG25、防雷补偿器FB、防护盒HF、25Hz轨道继电器GJ（JRJC1-70/240）、局部电源。（1）扼流变压器BE25：同送端扼流变压器BE25，用于升压。（2）10A保险：同送端。（3）轨道变压器BG25：（设备同送端）接设备的是Ⅱ次侧，接电缆的是Ⅰ次侧。保证轨道继电器正常工作。受端轨道变压器固定使用。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)ReceivingequipmentReceivingequipmentincludes:choketransformerBE25,fuseof10A,tracktransformerBG25,therectifiedseleniumreactorZ,ProtectiveBoxHF,trackRelayGJ(JRJC1-70/240)andlocalpowersupply.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment①ChoketransformerBE25:itsfunctionisthesameasthatinpowertransmissionend,whichisusedforstep-up.②Fuseof10Athefunctionisthesameasthatinpowertransmissionend.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment③TracktransformerBG25:(equipmentisthesameaspowertransmissionend)thesecondaryterminalsareusedtoconnectequipment,theprimaryterminalsareusedtoconnectcablesidewhichensuresthenormaloperationofthetrackrelay.Theratioofthetransformerisfixed.25Hz轨道电路组成（2）受电端设备（4）防雷补偿器FB：电容用来提高局部线圈电路的功率因数，以减小变频器输出电流；整流硒堆用于钢轨不平衡牵引电流较大时作为二级防护。（5）防护盒HF：由电感、电容串联而成，对50Hz牵引电流：呈串联谐振，相当于15Ω电阻，以抑制干扰电流；对25Hz信号电流：相当于16μF电容，起补偿和减小相移作用。（6）25Hz轨道继电器GJ：1、2线圈110V局部电源；3、4线圈轨道电路电源。用于表示轨道电路情况，吸起表示空闲，落下表示占用。（7）局部电源：为轨道继电器的局部线圈（1、2）提供110V/25Hz局部电压，由室内电源屏供电。Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)ReceivingequipmentLightningprotectionequipment:thecapacitorisusedtoimprovethepowerfactorofthelocalcoilcircuit;therectifiedseleniumreactorisusedasthesecondlevelprotectionwhentheunbalancedtractioncurrentofthetrackislarge.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(5)TheprotectiveboxHF:isformedbyinductanceandcapacitanceinserial,for50Hztractioncurrent:itshowsseriesresonantwhichisequivalentto15Ωresistancethustoinhibitinterferencecurrent;to25Hzsignalcurrentwhichisequivalentto16μFcapacitancethustocompensateandreducephaseshift.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(6)TrackrelayGJ:coils1,2connctwithlocalpowersupply110V;coils3,4connectwithtrackpowersupply,whichisusedtoindicatethetrackcircuitsituation,energizedmeansthetrackcircuitisfree,whilefallsmeansoccupation.Compositionof25Hztrackcircuit1.Powertransmission

equipment(2)Receivingequipment(7)Localpowersupply:provide110V/25Hzlocalpowersupplyforlocalcoil(1,2)ofthetrackrelay,powerbytheindoorpowersupplypanel.25Hz相敏轨道电路的电气特性调整状态时，轨道继电器轨道线圈上的有效电压应不小于18V，即高于轨道继电器工作值（15V）的20%，以保证继电器可靠吸起。用0.06Ω标准分路电阻线，在轨道电路送、受电端轨面任一处分路时，轨道继电器端电压（分路残压）应不大于7.4V，而轨道继电器的释放值是8.6V，留有一定余量，以保证前接点可靠断开。ElectricalperformanceUnderregulatedstate,theeffectivevoltageacrossthetrackrelaycoilshallbenotlessthan18V,thatis20%abovetheworkingvalueoftrackrelay(15V)toensuretherelayenergizedreliably.Withthestandardshuntingresistancelineof0.06Ω,shuntthetrackcircuitatanypointattransmissionterminalandreceivingterminal,trackrelayterminalvoltage(residualvoltage)shallnotbegreaterthan7.4V,whilethereleasevalueoftrackrelayis8.6V,toensurethereliabledisconnectionofthefrontcontact.25Hz相敏轨道电路的技术要求1.适用于钢轨连续牵引总电流不大于800A、不平衡电流不大于60A的交流电气化区段的站内和预告区段的轨道电路。2.不设扼流变压器时，也可用于电气化区段内无电力机车行驶和非电气化区段的站内和预告区段的轨道电路。3.电源应采用集中调相方式。4.在最不利条件下，轨道继电器轨道线圈上的电压应不大于50V，调整和分路时的有效电压分别为不小于15V和不大于7.4V。Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

1.ItissuitablefortrackcircuitsofstationandapproachsectionsofACelectrifiedsectionswithtotalcontinuoustractioncurrentofnomorethan800Aandunbalancedcurrentofnomorethan60A.2.Whenchoketransformerisnotset,itcanalsobeusedfortrackcircuitswithoutelectriclocomotiverunningandstationandapproachsectionsinnon-electrifiedsections.3.Thepowersupplyshallbeinacentralizedphaseadjustmentmode.25Hz相敏轨道电路的技术要求5.在频率为50Hz、电源电压为160-260V范围内、钢轨阻抗不大于0.62∠42°km/Ω、道碴最小电阻不小于0.6Ω·km，在极限长度范围内，能可靠地满足调整和分路的要求，并能实现一次调整。6.单受的轨道电路若不带无受电分支和为增设非轨道电路用的扼流变压器时，极限长度为：带双扼流变压器和无扼流变压器的轨道电路均为1.5km。7.一送多受的轨道电路，以标准的0.06Ω分路电阻在区段内任意点分路时，保证至少有一个轨道继电器可靠落下。8.每段轨道电路最多可设四个扼流变压器（包括空扼流变压器）。9.在无迂回回路的条件下，任何故障均有可靠的分路检查。Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

4.Undertheworstconditions,thevoltageontrackcoiloftrackrelayshallbenomorethan50V,theeffectivevoltageofregulatedstateandshuntedstateshallbenolessthan15Vandnomorethan7.4V.5.Withintherangeof50Hz,powersupplyvoltageof160-260V,railimpedancenotmorethan0.62∠42°km/Ω,minimumballastresistancenotlessthan0.6Ω·km,inthelimitlengthrange,trackcircuitcanmeettherequirementsofregulatedstateandshuntedstatewhichcanachieveonceadjustment.6.Trackcircuitwithonefeedendandonereceivingendwithdoublechoketransformersandnochoketransformer,thelimitlengthcanreach1.5km.7.Fortrackcircuitwithonetransmissionendandseveralreceivingends,withthestandard0.06Ωshuntingresistanceatanypointwithinthesection,atleastonetrackrelayshouldfalldownreliably.8.Eachtrackcircuitmayhaveamaximumoffourchoketransformers(includingemptychoketransformers).9.Ithasreliableshuntingcheckforanyfaultwithoutdetour.Technicalrequirements

of25Hztrackcircuit

轨道电路工作原理25Hz轨道电路的信号电源由室内智能电源屏的25Hz电源模块提供，通过电缆供向室外，经由送电端25Hz轨道电源变压器（BG25）、送端限流电阻（RX）、送电端25Hz扼流变压器（BE25）、钢轨线路、受电端25Hz扼流变压器（BE25）、受电端25Hz中继变压器（BG25）、电缆线路、送回室内，经过硒堆（Z）及25Hz防护盒（HF）给二元二位继电器（GJ）的轨道线圈供电；25Hz局部电源经并联GJ的局部线圈电容（C）直接供给GJ的局部线圈。这样使得GJ的轨道线圈由送电端25Hz轨道电源经轨道传输后供电，局部线圈由电源屏的25Hz电源供电。EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitThus,thetrackcoilofGJispoweredby25Hzpowersupplyintransmissionterminal,andthelocalcoilispoweredby25Hzpowersupplyofthepowersupplypanel.Whenthetrackrelayworks,lesspowerisobtainedfromthetrackcircuit,mostpowerisgotthroughthelocalpower,sothetransmittingdistanceoftrackcircuitcanbeextended,EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitSignalpowerfor25Hztrackcircuitisprovidedby25Hzmoduleoftheindoorintelligentpowersupplypanel,itissentoutdoorbycable,throughthetransmissionterminal25Hztracktransformer(BG25),currentlimitingresistance(RX),choketransformer(BE25),railline,choketransformerBE25atreceivingend,EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuittracktransformerBG25,cableline,andsentbacktothesignalequipmentroom,powerthetrackcoiloftwoelementandtwopositionrelay(GJ)viaseleniumstack(Z)and25Hzprotectivebox(HF);25HzlocalpowersupplyisdirectlysuppliedtothelocalcoilofGJviathelocalcoilcapacitance(C)whichisconnectedinparallelwithGJ.EnergizingofGJ轨道电路工作原理轨道继电器工作时，从轨道电路取得较少的功率而大部分功率是通过局部线圈的局部电源，因而轨道电路的控制距离可以延长，且只有轨道继电器上的轨道线圈Ug和局部线圈电压Uj之间的相位角接近或等于90°时，转矩最大，使翼片绕轴旋转，带动接点动作，否则，翼片不能旋转，不能带动接点动作。所以，25Hz轨道电路既有对频率的选择性（区别开电力牵引电流）又有相位的选择性。当轨道线圈和局部线圈电源电压满足规定的相位要求时，GJ吸起，轨道电路处于调整状态，即表示轨道电路空闲。其工作原理如图4-8所示。EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitandonlythephaseanglebetweenthetrackcoilUgandthelocalcoilvoltageUjisclosetoorequalto90°,thetorqueislargest,whichmakesthewingboardrotatearoundtheshafttodrivethecontact,otherwise,thewingboardcannotrotateandcannotdrivethecontact.EnergizingofGJWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitTherefore,25Hztrackcircuithasbothfrequencyselectivity(distinguishingfromtheelectrictractioncurrent)andphaseselectivity.Whenthetrackcoilandthelocalcoilpowersupplyvoltagemeetthespecifiedphaserequirements,GJisenergizedandthetrackcircuitisinregulatedstate,thatis,thetrackcircuitisfree.EnergizingofGJ轨道电路工作原理当列车占用时，轨道电路被分路，GJ落下。若频率、相位不对时，GJ也落下。25Hz电源屏由室内分别供出25Hz轨道电路电源和局部电源。轨道电源由室内供出，当GJ的轨道线圈和局部线圈所得电源满足规定的相位、频率、电压值的要求时，GJ继电器吸起，轨道电路处于工作状态；反之，GJ继电器落下，轨道电路处于不工作状态。其工作原理如图4-9所示。FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitWhenthetrainoccupiesthetrack,thetrackcircuitisshuntedandGJfallsdown.Ifthefrequencyandphasearewrong,GJalsofallsdown.25Hzpowersupplypanelsuppliestrackpowersupplyandlocalpowersupplyrespectively.Trackpowersupplyissuppliedfromindoor.FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitWhenthepowersupplyofGJtrackcoilandlocalcoilmeetsthespecifiedphase,frequencyandvoltagevalue,trackrelayGJisenergizedandtrackcircuitisintheworkingstate;otherwise,trackrelayGJfallsdown,trackcircuitisnotworking.FallingofGJShuntedstateWorkingfundamentalsof25Hztrackcircuit为了确保安全，25Hz相敏轨道电路在断轨时，接收设备应不能工作。其工作原理如图4-10所示。FallingofGJTrackbrokenstateWorkingfundamentalsof25HztrackcircuitToensuresafety,whentrackisbroken,25Hzphase-sensitivetrackcircuitshallnotoperate.FallingofGJTrackbrokenstate

25Hz轨道电路分类根据是否安装扼流变压器，可分为送电端，接收端均有扼流变压器，输电端和接收端均没有扼流变压器。如果轨道电路必须流过牵引电流，则需要安装扼流变压器。否则，允许使用无扼流变压器的轨道电路。根据受电端的设置，分为一送一受，一送两受和一送三受的受电端。传输长度

Classificationof25Hztrackcircuit

Accordingtowhetherchoketransformerisinstalled,trackcircuitisdividedintopowertransmissionendandreceivingendarebothequippedwithchoketransformerandpowertransmissionendandreceivingendarenotequippedwithchoketransformer.Ifthetrackcircuithastoflowthetractioncurrent,choketransformerisnecessary.Otherwise,trackcircuitwithoutchoketransformerisallowed.Accordingtosettingsofreceivingend,itisdividedintoonetransmissionendonereceivingend,onetransmissionendtworeceivingendsandonetransmissionendthreereceivingends.

送电端带扼流变压器的送电端不带扼流变压器的送电端Typeofpowertransmissionend

PowertransmissionendwithchoketransformerPowertransmissionendwithoutchoketransformer传输长度对于双扼流一送一受，当限流电阻为4.4Ω时，轨道电路允许长度为1500m。无扼流一送一受轨道电路，限流电阻为0.9Ω，轨道电路允许长度为1500m。

受电端一送多受电分支不带扼流受电分支受电端ReceivingendBranchreceivingendforonetransmissionendseveralreceivingendsReceivingendwithoutchoketransformerTypeofReceivingend

道岔区段轨道电路道岔的组成TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionThecompositionofturnout道岔区段轨道电路弯股切割：实行电码化的道岔区段，道岔绝缘应设在弯股上，防止机车信号掉码，给行车带来不良影响。为防止辙叉将轨道电路短路,道岔区段要加装切割绝缘,称为道岔绝缘。TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionTheinsulationofturnoutStockrailtonguerailStraightInturnoutsection,inordertoavoidthefrogshortthetrackcircuit,turnoutinsulationhastobeinstalled.Innon-electrifiedsection,turnoutinsulationisinstalledonstraighttrack,inthisway,theforceisbalancedwhenentersthetrack.Thisistheinsulationcutinstraighttrack.道岔区段轨道电路直股切割：不实行电码化的道岔区段，可将道岔绝缘设在直股上，这样道岔绝缘受力均匀，使用寿命会长一些。TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionThejumpersofturnoutStockrailtonguerailStraightInturnoutsection,inordertoletsignalcurrentflowsthroughthecurvetrack,jumpersarenecessary.Forexample,theturnouthereneeds6groupsofjumper.Inthisway,whentrainoccupiesthecurvebranch,trackrelaycanfalldown.道岔区段轨道电路连接方式

串联并联TrackcircuitinturnoutsectionConnectionmodeoftrackcircuitinturnoutsectionSerialParallelCurrentflowsthrougheachtrackofthetrackcircuit,soitcancheckthejumpersandtrackcomplete.Butthestructureiscompleted,notadopted.Whentrainoccupiesstraighttrackorcurvetrack,GJcanfalldow