2025届福建省龙岩市高三下学期3月教学质量检测英语试题 含解析

龙岩市2025年高中毕业班三月教学质量检测英语试题(满分：150分考试时间：120分钟)注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C.1.WhendidthewomanplantothrowapartyforTracy?A.Onthe25th.B.Onthe26th.C.Onthe27th.2.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Joiningaband.B.Quittingaband.C.Formingaband.3.Whatwillthewomanseetonight?A.Amovie.B.Amatch.C.Aprogram.4.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygotogether?A.Arestaurant.B.Amall.C.Apark.5.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Canceltheappointment.B.Withdrawsomemoney.C.Confirmherbill.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoesthewomanprobablywork?A.Atadesignfirm.B.Ataprintingshop.C.Atashippingcompany.7.Whatwillthewomando?A.Apologizetotheclient.B.Sendouttheinvitations.C.Getthemeasurementscorrected.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8.Whyarethespeakerstalkingaboutthecar?A.It’stheman’sfirstcar.B.It’sabrandnewcar.C.It’sunderrepair.9.Howdoesthemanfeelabouthisdecision?A.Regretful.B.Lucky.C.Determined.10.Whataspectofthecaristhemananxiousabout?A.Thegarage’sspacelimitation.B.Thecar’sspeedperformance.C.Thepotentialrepaircosts.听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11.Whoisprobablytheman?A.Astoremanager.B.Acityofficial.C.Atelevisionproducer.12.WhatprojectisBurrvilleCityCouncilinterestedin?A.Bicyclesharing.B.Healthandfitness.C.Trafficmanagement.13.WhatservicedoesBikeSolutionsConsultingoffer?A.Onlinecommercials.B.Exerciseprograms.C.TVcampaigns.听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。14.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates.B.Schoolmates.C.Teacherandstudent.15.Howdidthemanknowabouttheactivity?A.Fromafriend.B.Fromanarticle.C.Fromanorganizer.16.Whatdoweknowabouttheactivity?A.Itwillselectawinningteam.B.Ithasatimelimitoffivehours.C.Itwillbejoinedinbythreeteams.17.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Gorockclimbing.B.Buyoutdoorequipment.C.Formtheirteam.听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。18.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A.Thebenefitsofgoodsleep.B.Thewaysofimprovingsleep.C.Theinfluenceofsleepenvironment.19.Howmanysubjectswereinvolvedinthestudy?A.20.B.40.C.60.20.WhatdoesDr.Zeeadvisepeopletodo?A.Sleepinthedark.B.Measurebloodsugarlevels.C.Reducetheuseofsleepmedicine.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATheBestThingstoDoinFourUSStatesin2025IowaTheSurfBallroomisahistory-richvenuethat’splayedhosttomusiclegendslikeBuddyHolly.AllthatheritageiscelebratedannuallywiththeWinterDancePartythatcelebratesthestarsoftheBallroom’sgoldenage.TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.NorthCarolinaDurhamhassomethingextrafor2025.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.It’sthevisionofRhiannonGiddensandwilltakeplaceacrossurbanvenuesincludingthehistoricCarolinaTheatre.TennesseeFewplacesaremoreboundupwithElvisPresleythanMemphis,wheretherockerlivedformostofhisadultlife.Nosurprisethatthecitywillbe“allshookup”withcelebrationsforwhatwouldhavebeenPresley’s90thbirthday.ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.Ifyoucan’tmakeitfortheJanuarycelebrations,theElvis90for90Exhibit,tellingtheKing’sstorythrough90ofhispersonaleffects,willlastallyear.VirginiaBristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”—thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.Rentacartoexploremoreofaheritagetrailthatjoinsupthemuseumsandhistoricvenuestellingthestate’smusicalstory.1.Whicheventistoexplorethelocalmusicaltraditions?A.TheWinterDanceParty. B.TheElvis90for90Exhibit.C.ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestival. D.TheBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestival.2.WhatisspecialaboutBristol?A.Ithousesjazzbands. B.Ithostsmusiclegends.C.It’scountrymusic’sbirthplace. D.Itfeaturessessionsofpopularmusic.3.Whoisthetextmorelikelyintendedfor?A.Music-lovingvisitors. B.Musiccomposers.C.Historymessengers. D.Travelagents.【答案】1.C2.C3.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2025年在美国四个州即将举行的与音乐相关的最佳活动，包括各个活动的特色、地点以及部分活动的历史背景。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音乐节将挖掘该地区的音乐遗产，这里的音乐传统涵盖了爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐。)”可知，ThenewBiscuits&Banjos音乐节将挖掘该地区包括爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐在内的音乐传统。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Bristolwasthehostofthe“BristolSessions”——thosesessionsareoftencalledthe“bigbang”ofcountrymusic.(Bristol曾举办过“Bristol录音会”——这些录音会常被称为乡村音乐的“大爆炸”。)”可知，Bristol是乡村音乐的重要起源地。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“TobeopenedinJuly,anewMusicEnrichmentandImmersiveCenterwilltakeadeepdiveintothissliceofmusicalhistory.(今年7月即将开放的一个全新的音乐拓展与沉浸式体验中心，将深入探究这段音乐历史。)”、第二段“ThenewBiscuits&Banjosfestivalwillleanintotheregion’smusicalheritage,whosetraditionsincludejazz,bluesandbluegrass.(全新的“ThenewBiscuits&Banjos”音乐节将挖掘该地区的音乐遗产，这里的音乐传统涵盖了爵士乐、蓝调以及蓝草音乐。)”、第三段“ThingswillkickoffinJanuarywithlivemusicandthemedtours.(庆祝活动将于1月以现场音乐表演和主题游览拉开帷幕。)”以及最后一段“TodaythepopularBristolRhythm&RootsReunionfestivaldrawsinternationalAmericanamusicfans.(如今，备受欢迎的Bristol节奏与根源重聚音乐节吸引了来自世界各地的美国本土音乐爱好者。)”可知，文章主要介绍了2025年美国四个州的与音乐相关的活动和景点，包括冲浪舞厅的活动、新的音乐节、猫王诞辰90周年庆祝活动以及与乡村音乐起源相关的活动等。这些活动和景点对于热爱音乐的游客来说具有吸引力，他们可能会对这些音乐相关的内容感兴趣并前往这些地方参观游览，所以该文本很可能是为他们准备的。故选A。BEnglish-languageeditionsoftwoentertainingandinsightfulnovels,CatCountryandMrMaandSon,writtenbyoneofChina’smostaccomplishednovelists,thelateLaoShe,willsoonbeonbookshelvesaroundthecountry.CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.PulitzerPrize-winningjournalistandliterarycriticIanJohnsonsaysinthebook’sintroduction,LaoShestretcheshimselffurtherthanever,producingoneofthemostremarkable,complicatedandinsightfulnovelsofmodernChina.Thesarcastic(讽刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.LaoShetaughtChineseattheUniversityofLondon’sSchoolofOrientalStudiesfrom1924to1929,atimewhentheBritishstillviewedChinaandtheChinesewithstrongmixtureofdistrust,dismissiveness,guiltandfearaftertwoopiumwarsandtheBoxerRebellion(1900).ItwastherethathebeganhiscareerasawriterofpatrioticbutcomplexfictionsaboutcontemporaryChina,writesUniversityofLondon’sseniorChineseliteraturelecturerJuliaLovellintheintroductionofMrMaandSon,whocallsit“thefirstChinesenoveltofacedirectlyBritishracismtowardChina”.BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.AstheygoaboutbuildingtheirnewlivesinLondonandstrivingtomaintainasenseofculturalself,theirownrelationshipsaretested.“Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(唤起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.4.WhatdoesCatCountrystandasinChina’ssciencefiction?A.Apeak. B.Aturningpoint. C.Amiracle. D.Apilot.5.WhatdidLaoShe’sLondonexperiencecontributeto?A.Hiswritingstyle. B.Hiscareerasateacher.C.Hissenseoffamilyunity. D.HisprejudicetotheBritish.6.WhatmessageismainlyconveyedinMr.MaandSonaccordingtothetext?A.Businesschallenges. B.Cross-culturalconflicts.C.Tightbondsinfamily. D.ThebackwardnessofChina.7.InJoLusby’seyes,thetwobooks_______.A.highlightChina’ssocialconflicts B.establishLaoShe’sstatusinliteratureC.deepenLaoShe’sunderstandingofauthoring D.provideanangletolookintoChina’sidentity【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国著名作家老舍的两部小说《猫城记》和《二马》的英文版即将在全国书店上架，并通过引用多位评论家的观点以及书籍内容概述，对这两部作品进行了深入的介绍和评价。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“CatCountry,arguablyChina’sfirstventureintothefieldofsciencefiction,centersaroundaspacetravelerfromChinawhocrash-landsonanalienplanet,wherehediscoversacountryinhabitedentirelybyCatPeople.(《猫城记》可以说是中国在科幻领域的首次尝试，讲述的是一位来自中国的太空旅行者迫降在一个外星星球上的故事。在这个星球上，他发现了一个完全由猫人居住的国家。)”可知，《猫城记》可以说是中国在科幻领域的首次尝试，这里的“firstventure”表明它是中国科幻领域的先驱、开端，与选项D“pilot（试点，先驱）”意思相符。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Thesarcastic(讽刺的)humorandmetaphoricalwritingarebelievedtobeinfluencedbythelateauthor’searlyexperiencesinLondon.(人们认为，书中讽刺性的幽默和隐喻式的写作手法受到了这位已故作家早年在伦敦经历的影响。)”可知，老舍在伦敦的经历对他作品中讽刺性的幽默和隐喻式的写作手法产生了影响，即影响了他的写作风格。故选A。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“BasedonLaoShe’sLondonexperiences,thenoveldisplaystheMas’attemptstodealwiththedeeplyrootedculturalmisconceptionsby1920sEnglishsocietyaftertheymovetheretorunanantiquesshop.(以老舍在伦敦的经历为基础，这部小说展现了马家父子搬到伦敦经营一家古玩店后，努力应对20世纪20年代英国社会根深蒂固的文化误解的过程。)”可知，《二马》这部小说以老舍在伦敦的经历为基础，展示了马家父子搬到伦敦后，努力应对20世纪20年代英国社会根深蒂固的文化误解的过程，这体现了跨文化冲突。故选B。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““Wefeltthatthesetwobooksofferafascinatinginsightintohowheworksandthinks,exploringChina’splaceintheworldandChina’sself-imagethroughevocative(唤起感情的)andbeautifulwritingthatisasrelevanttodayasitwaswhenitwasfirstwritteninthe1930s,”saysJoLusby,managingdirectorofPenguinChina.(企鹅中国的董事总经理JoLusby表示：“我们认为，这两本书让人们得以深入了解老舍的创作方式和思维方式。他通过富有感染力且优美的文字，探讨了中国在世界上的地位以及中国的自我形象。这些文字在今天和20世纪30年代首次创作时一样具有现实意义。”)”可知，JoLusby认为这两本书通过富有感染力且优美的文字，为探究老舍的创作方式和思维方式提供了一个有趣的视角，同时也探讨了中国在世界上的地位以及中国的自我形象。也就是说这两本书提供了一个看待中国身份的角度。故选D。CWinstonChurchilloncesaid,“Successconsistsofgoingfromfailuretofailurewithoutlossofenthusiasm.”It’soneofcountlessplatitudesclaimingthatfailureleadstosuccess.Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.Infact,manypeopledonotlearnfromtheirfailures,andit’sstupidtoexpectotherwise,accordingtofindingspublishedJune10intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General.“Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.“Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.Experimentsfoundpeopleweremoreinfavoroftaxpayermoneybeingusedforrecoveryanddrugtreatmentprogramswhentheylearnedaboutthelowratesofsuccessforpeopleusingthoseprograms.“Correctingourwrongbeliefsaboutfailurecouldhelpmovetaxpayerdollarsfrompunishmenttorecoveryandimprovement,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“platitudes”inParagrah1probablymean?A.Worn-outsayings. B.Confirmedprinciples. C.Convincingexamples. D.Commonstatements.9.Whatwillassumingsuccessafterfailurebringabout?A.Highersuccessrate. B.Norepetitionofmistakes.C.Variednegativeemotions. D.Overoptimismaboutresults.10.Whichofthefollowingcaseswilltheauthorapproveof?A.Beingpassiveaboutanintenserelationship.B.Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.C.Convincingthestudentsatestfailureisunimportant.D.Expectingemployeestolearnmorefromworkfailure.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A.BravingFailuresForSuccess B.TrackingFailure-SuccessInterplayC.Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated D.SuccessGoesHandInHandWithFailure【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章对“失败是成功之母”这一常见观点提出了质疑，并论述了人们往往不能从失败中学习，以及这种错误观念可能导致的现实后果。【8题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“Butthere’sstrongevidencethatsuchaconceptiswrongheadedandcanleadtoterriblereal-worldconsequences,researcherssaidinanewreport.(但研究人员在一份新报告中指出，有确凿证据表明，这样的观念是错误的，并且可能在现实世界中导致严重的后果。)”可推测，划线单词的意思和“常见的、被广泛提及的”相似。选项D“Commonstatements.”，意为“常见的陈述”，与此相符。故选D。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Aseriesof11experimentsinvolvingmorethan1,800participantsfoundthatpeopleoftendon’tgainwisdomfromfailure,andthatexpectingthemtodosocanhavepotentiallyterribleconsequences:Peoplevastlyoverestimatedthepercentageofprospectivenurses,lawyersandteacherswhopasslicensingexamsafterpreviouslyfailingthem.Nursestendedtooverestimatehowmuchcolleagueswouldlearnfromapasterror.Peopleassumedthatheartpatientswouldembraceahealthierlifestyle,whenmanydon’t.(一系列由1800多名参与者参与的11项实验发现，人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，而且指望他们这样做可能会产生潜在的严重后果：人们大大高估了那些之前考试未通过的准护士、律师和教师在再次参加职业资格考试时的通过率。护士往往会高估同事从过去的错误中所能学到的东西。人们以为心脏病患者会接受更健康的生活方式，但实际上很多人并没有。)”以及第五段““Peopleexpectsuccesstofollowfailuremuchmoreoftenthanitactuallydoes,”Eskreis-Winklersaid.“Peopleusuallyassumethatpastbehaviorpredictsfuturebehavior,soit’ssurprisingthatweoftenbelievetheoppositewhenitcomestosucceedingafterfailure.”(Eskreis-Winkler说：“人们期望失败后能成功的频率，远远高于实际情况。人们通常认为过去的行为可以预测未来的行为，所以令人惊讶的是，当涉及到失败后能否成功时，我们常常持有相反的观点。”)”可知，人们往往认为失败后会成功，但实际并非如此，这种想法会导致人们高估失败后成功的概率，对结果过于乐观。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第六段“Tellingpeopletheywillsucceedafterfailuremightreducethepainofafailure,butthatwayofthinkingwon’tnaturallyturnintopeoplelearningalesson,researcherssaid.Ontheotherhand,peoplecanadjusttheirexpectationsofotherswhengivenmoreinformationabouthowlittlefailureactuallybringsgoodresults.(研究人员表示，告诉人们失败后会成功也许能减轻失败带来的痛苦，但这种思维方式并不会自然而然地让人们吸取教训。另一方面，当人们了解到失败实际上很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，他们可以调整对他人的期望。)”可知，人们常常高估失败后会成功的情况，实际上很多人不会从失败中学习，当人们了解到失败很少能带来好结果的更多信息时，应该调整对他人的期望。选项B“Loweringexpectationsofsmokersafterquit-failures.(降低对戒烟失败的吸烟者的期望)”符合文章中提到的纠正对失败的错误认知，作者可能会认可。故选B。【11题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第三段““Peopleoftenconfusewhatiswithwhatoughttobe,”leadresearcherLaurenEskreis-Winkler,anassistantprofessorofmanagementandorganizationsatNorthwesternUniversity,saidinanewsrelease.“Peopleoughttopayattentionandlearnfromfailure,butoftentheydon’tbecausefailureisdemotivatingandself-threatening.”(该研究的首席研究员LaurenEskreis-Winkler是西北大学管理与组织学助理教授，她在一份新闻稿中表示：“人们常常把‘是什么’和‘应该是什么’混为一谈。人们应该留意并从失败中吸取教训，但他们往往做不到，因为失败会让人失去动力，还会威胁到自尊心。”)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇以温斯顿・丘吉尔的话引出关于“失败导致成功”这一观点，接着指出有证据表明这种观念是错误的。随后通过一系列实验说明人们通常不会从失败中获得智慧，且往往高估失败后成功的可能性，还提到纠正对失败的错误认知的意义。选项C“Failures’BenefitsMightBeOverrated(失败的益处可能被高估了)”准确地概括了文章主旨，即人们认为失败能带来成功等益处这种想法是错误的，失败的益处被高估了。故选C。DAsleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.Forthestudyresearchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.Thequestionswerebasedonastandardizedframeworksocialscientistsusetoassesspeople’sjudgmentsofrightandwrong.Thisframework,calledmoralfoundationstheory,setsupataxonomy(分类学)of“fiveprettyfundamentalvaluesthatshapehumansocialbehavior,”saysleadauthorIanHohm,apsychologygraduatestudentattheUniversityofBritishColumbia.Theframeworkconsidersloyalty,authority,andpuritytobe“binding”(有约束力的)valuesthatpromotegroupunityandobservance.Theseprinciples,oftenassociatedwithpoliticalconservatism,consistentlyreceivedweakerrecognitioninsummerandwinter.Andinsummer,themoreextremetheseasonalweatherdifferences,themorepronouncedtheeffect.Careandfairnessareconsidered“individualizing”valuesrelatedtoindividualrights.Theseprinciplesshowednoconsistentseasonalpattern.Oneexplanationforseasonalswingscouldbeanxiety.Usinga90,000-respondentsurveydataset,aswellasdataonInternetsearchfrequencies,theresearchersfoundthatanxietylevelsalsopeakinspringandfall.“Thereisacloserelationshipbetweenanxietyandthreat,”saysUniversityofNottinghampsychologistandstudycoauthorBrianO’Shea.Otherstudieshaveshownthatpeoplewhoareathigherriskofseasonalillnessestendtobemoredistrustfulandmorelikelytofollowmajorityopinion.“Whenyou’rethreatened,”O’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪审团)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(边缘化的)groups.”IanHohmagreesthatsuchapatternwouldn’taffecteveryonethesamewaybutemphasizesthatthestudyhighlightstheseasons’effectonhumanpsychology.12.Whatdidtheresearchersdointhestudy?A.Theyexaminedpeople’sdigitalfeedback. B.Theyevaluatednetizens’socialbehavior.C.Theysetupascientificmoralframework. D.Theycategorizeddifferentvaluepatterns.13.Whichbehaviorismostcloselyrelatedtoseasonalanxietypeaks?A.Safeguardingindividualrights. B.Seekingin-groupprotection.C.Beingfaithfultoone’steam. D.Makingreliabledecisions.14.WhatcanbeinferredfromIvoryA.Toldson’swords?A.Thestudyoveremphasizesdatafromthewest. B.Thesurveyshouldcoveralargerrangeofsubjects.C.Humansareseasonalbeingswithvariedbehaviors. D.Ignoringtheresearchofsidelinedgroupsisrisky.15.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thechangesinnatureandhumans. B.Moralvaluesvaryfrompersontoperson.C.Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear. D.Theimpactofseasonsonone’smentalhealth.【答案】12.A13.B14.B15.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一项研究，阐述了季节变化对人类道德价值观的影响，并分析了可能的原因，同时指出了研究的意义和局限性。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Forthestudy,researchersanalyzedmorethan230,000onlinesurveyresponses—adecade’sworth—frompeopleintheU.S.(在这项研究中，研究人员分析了来自美国民众的超过23万份在线调查回复——这些回复涵盖了十年的时间跨度。)”可知，在这项研究中，研究人员分析了来自美国民众的超过23万份长达十年时间跨度的在线调查回复，这些在线调查回复属于人们的数字化反馈信息。故选A。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段““Whenyou’rethreatened,”O’Sheaexplains,“youthenwanttogetprotectionfromyourgroup.”Thesefindingssuggestseasonaltimingcouldaffectjury(陪审团)decisions,vaccinationcampaigns—andevenelectionoutcomes,thestudyauthorssay.(“当你受到威胁时，”O’Shea解释道，“你就会想要从你的群体中获得保护。”该研究的作者们表示，这些发现表明，季节时间可能会影响陪审团的裁决、疫苗接种活动——甚至是选举结果。)”可知，当人们处于受到威胁的状态时，也就是焦虑状态，会想要从自己的群体中获得保护，所以与季节性焦虑峰值最密切相关的行为是寻求群体保护。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“HowardUniversitypsychologistIvoryA.Toldsonnotesthatthestudyreliesondatafrom“western,educated,industrialized,richanddemocratic(WEIRD)”populationsandcautionsthatgeneralizingfromsuchresultsrunstheriskof“overlookingtheuniquemoralexperiencesofmarginalized(边缘化的)groups.”(霍华德大学的心理学家IvoryA.Toldson指出，这项研究依赖于来自“西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕且民主”人群的数据，并提醒说，从这样的结果中进行概括存在“忽视边缘化群体独特道德体验”的风险。)”可知，IvoryA.Toldson指出该研究依赖于来自“西方、受过教育、工业化、富裕且民主”人群的数据，并警告说，从这样的结果中进行概括存在“忽视边缘化群体独特道德体验”的风险。这意味着，当前研究的调查对象范围较窄，仅局限于特定的“WEIRD”人群，所以应该涵盖更大范围的调查对象，这样才能更全面准确地得出结论。故选B。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Asleavesfall,snowsweepsinorflowersblossom,humanschangeinmeasurableways,too.Researchsuggestsarangeofpsychologicalphenomena—suchasouremotionalstate,dietandexercisehabits,andevencolorpreferences—swingthroughouttheyear.AndnowastudyintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesUSAdemonstrateshowmoralvaluescanalsoshift.(随着树叶飘落、雪花纷飞或鲜花绽放，人类也在以可衡量的方式发生着变化。研究表明，一系列心理现象——比如我们的情绪状态、饮食和锻炼习惯，甚至对颜色的偏好——会在一年中波动变化。而现在，一项发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的研究展示了道德价值观是如何也会发生转变的。)”以及全文内容可知，文章开篇指出人类的一些心理现象会随季节变化，接着通过一项研究表明道德价值观也会随季节波动。研究人员分析了大量在线调查回复，发现忠诚、权威和纯洁等“有约束力的”价值观在夏季和冬季得到的认可程度较低，且季节性天气差异越大影响越明显，而关爱和公平等“个体化”价值观没有一致的季节性模式，还探讨了季节性波动可能与焦虑有关，最后提到研究存在的局限性。选项C“Valuesmayshiftwiththetimeoftheyear(价值观可能会随一年中的时间变化而改变)”准确概括了文章主旨。故选C。第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.____16____.Let’stakealookatsometruthsaboutinnerbeautyvsouterbeauty.●____17____Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.●Largelyuncontrollableouterbeauty,cultivableinnerbeautyOuterbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.____18____.Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.____19____.●Traits(特征)thatpeoplelovemostWhenaskedwhattraitstheymostlookforinacoupleoralifepartner,thevastmajorityofpeoplenamethingsthathaveabsolutelynothingtodowithouterbeauty.Someofthetopresponsesthatmaketheaveragelistarethefollowing:kindness,loyalty,agoodsenseofhumor,trustworthiness,asupportivenature,generosity,integrity,understandingandcompassion.____20____.Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.A.Greatouterbeauty,strikinginnerbeautyB.However,innerbeautycanbeearnedeffortlesslyC.Subjectiveouterbeauty,universallyvisibleinnerbeautyD.Incontrast,youdon’tneedacenttocultivateinnerbeautyE.Yet,weoftenadorethepeoplemostfortheirpersonalitytraitsF.InnerbeautyandouterbeautyarenotenemiesbutcompanionsG.Evenbetter,theycanbedevelopedbyanyoneinanycircumstances【答案】16.E17.C18.D19.G20.F【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了内在美和外在美的区别以及二者的关系。【16题详解】根据上文“There’sahugedifferencebetweenouterbeautyandinnerbeauty,andbothofthemhavetheirplace.Inouryouth-drivenculture,externalattractivenessisoftenputattheforefrontofdesirabilityinothers.(外在美和内在美有很大的不同，它们都有自己的位置。在我们以年轻人为主导的文化中，外在的吸引力往往被放在别人的可取性的首位)”可知，上文提到“外在的吸引力往往被放在别人的可取性的首位”，推测本句说明内在对人的吸引力。故E选项“然而，我们往往最崇拜的人是他们的个性特征”符合语境，故选E。【17题详解】根据本段内容“Physicalbeautyvariesgreatlyamongindividuals,withdifferentpeoplefindingdifferentfeaturesattractive.Incontrast,innerbeautyisoftenwidelyappreciated.TakePrincessDiana,forexample.Whileopinionsonherphysicalattractivenessdiffered,everyonewasimpressedbyherwillingnesstohelpothers.(人与人之间的外貌差异很大，不同的人认为不同的特征有吸引力。相比之下，内在美往往被广泛欣赏。以戴安娜王妃为例。虽然大家对她的外表评价不一，但她乐于助人的态度给大家留下了深刻的印象)”可知，本段主要说明了外在美是个人的主观感受，但内在美是人们普遍认可的。故C选项“主观的外在美，普遍可见的内在美”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据上文“Outerbeautycanbeachievedwithmoneythroughplasticsurgery,makeup,hairdye,exercise,andwardrobeadjustments.(外在美可以通过整形手术、化妆、染发、锻炼和调整服装来实现)”可知，上文解释了外在美可以如何提高，推测本句要说明如何培养内在美。故D选项“相反，你不需要一分钱来培养内在美”符合语境，故选D。【19题详解】根据上文“Youcanreadandeducateyourselfinallmannerofdifferentsubjectsforfreevialibraries,onlinevideos,oracademicresources.Gettinginvolvedincharitableworksornonprofitorganizationsisanothergreatwaytogetthatinnerbeautygrowing.Agivingheartandsincerecareforothersaretwounparalleledqualities.(你可以通过图书馆、在线视频或学术资源免费阅读和学习各种不同的科目。参与慈善工作或非营利组织是另一种培养内在美的好方法。一颗奉献的心和对他人的真诚关怀是两种无与伦比的品质)”可知，上文提到了如何培养内在美。空处位于段末，应承接上文。故G选项“更妙的是，任何人在任何情况下都可以发展它们”符合语境，故选G。【20题详解】根据后文“Theycoexistinacomplex,beautifuldancethatvariesfrompersontoperson.Truebeautysurpassesappearance,rootedinthehumanspirit.Itissubjectiveandcherishedforwhoweare,nothowwelook.(它们共存于一种复杂而美丽的舞蹈中，这种舞蹈因人而异。真正的美超越外表，根植于人的精神。它是主观的，看重的是我们是谁，而不是我们的外表)”可知，本段主要说明了内在美和外在美的关系，后文指出共存于一种复杂而美丽的舞蹈中，推测两者是相伴相生的关系。故F选项“内在美和外在美不是敌人，而是伙伴”符合语境，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Therecomesatimeforeveryfamilywhenthetablesturnandtheparenthastoanswertothechild.Minecameduringmyfirststayinyearswithourelderson,Nathaniel.Awholeweekunderhisroof!“Dad,don’tleavethewaterrunningwhilebrushingteet