高一英语3学案：SectionⅠ

学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精学必求其心得，业必贵于专精Unit4Astronomy：thescienceofthestars重要词汇重要词汇相关提示systemn。系统；体系;制度牢记该词的基本用法，比如作“系统；体系；制度"讲时是可数名词theoryn。学说；理论掌握该词的用法，比如intheory的含义是“理论上”violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的;强暴的注意该词的基本词义及其副词、名词形式intime及时；终于掌握intime的两个含义以及含time的常用短语unlikeprep。不同；不像注意unlike的反义词是likeharmfuladj。有害的牢记harm以及harmful的短语layeggs下蛋掌握layeggs中lay的用法existvi。存在；生存注意该词的用法及其派生词existencegivebirthto产生；分娩牢记该短语的用法以及含birth的相关短语，并注意givebirthto与beborn的不同用法inone’sturn轮到某人；接着注意含名词turn的相关短语prevent。。。from阻止；制止掌握该短语的用法及其同义词组stop。。。from和keep。..frompuzzlen．谜；难题vi。＆vt。(使)迷惑；(使)为难牢记puzzle作为名词和动词的用法pulln．＆vt.拉（力）；拖；牵引力注意pull的用法及其反义词pushcheerup感到高兴;感到振奋掌握cheerup既可以作及物动词短语又可以作不及物动词短语的用法nowthat既然记住nowthat作连词，其同义词是since，seeingthatbreakout爆发；突发注意breakout不用于被动语态，并记住break的相关短语watchout密切注视;当心;提防牢记watchout的用法以及含watch的常用短语重点句型1．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.(what引导主语从句,when引导定语从句）2．Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot。（so。.。that。。.如此……以至于……)3．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.(what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句）4．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.(whether引导主语从句)5．Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger。（现在分词短语watching.。。作伴随状语)重点语法学习主语从句的用法。写作要求通过对本单元的学习，能够运用本单元的知识去解决一些科学问题，并能在此基础上提出自己的见解。SectionⅠ—WarmingUp，Prereading，Reading&Comprehending一、将单词或短语与相对应的释义搭配起来AB1．theory a．differentfrom；notsimilarto2．unlike b．tobepresentorhappen3．prevent...from c．anideaoropinion4．exist d．causingharm5．harmful e．tostop/keep.。.from二、短语互译A．温故：从文中找出下列短语并写出它们的汉语意思。1．accordingto____________2．cooldown____________3．bedifferentfrom____________4．dependon____________B．知新：从文中找出与下列释义对应的英文.1．及时；终于____________2．阻止；制止____________3．下蛋____________4．产生；分娩____________5．轮到某人；接着____________三、阅读课文HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH，按照地球的形成与发展，给下面的句子排序()AInsectsandamphibiansappeared.()BTheearthwasasolidglobe。（）CReptilesappeared.(）DTheearthwasjustacloudofdust。()EShellfishandallsortsoffishappeared。（)FDinosaursappeared.()GSmallplantsbegantogrowonthesurfaceofthewater。（）HPlantsbegantogrowonland。（)IWaterbegantoappearontheearth。（）JMammals(includinghumans)appeared。四、阅读HOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH，回答下列问题1．Howwerestarsandotherbodiescreated？A．Atomscombinedtocreatethem。B．Cloudsofdustcombinedtocreatethem。C．Watercombinedtocreatethem.D．Gasescombinedtocreatethem.2．Whichisthemostimportantforlifeappearingontheearth?A．Fire. B．Rock。C．Water。 D．Clouds.3．Itcanbeknownfromthepassagethat______.A．plantsandanimalsappearedontheearthatthesametimeB．plantsappearedlaterontheearththananimalsC．earlyshellfishappearedearlierthanplantsD．animalsappearedlaterontheearththanplants4．Howmanyyearsdiddinosaursexistontheearth？A．Morethan140billionyears。B．Morethan140millionyears。C．Morethan140thousandyears.D．Morethan140years.5．Whycantheearthbecometoohottoliveon?A．Smallcleveranimalsproducemoreheat。B．Smallcleveranimalsproducetoomuchcarbondioxide.C．Smallcleveranimalsdon’twantheattoescapefromtheearth.D．Smallcleveranimalsliketoliveonahotplanet。答案：一、1。c2.a3。e4。b5。d二、A.1.根据;按照2.变凉3.与……不同4。依赖;取决于B．1。intime2.prevent。..from3。layeggs4.givebirthto5。inone’sturn三、A—7B-2C—8D—1E—5F—9G—4H-6I-3J—10四、1～5ACDBB1。Inoursolarsystemeightplanetscirclearoundthesun。在我们的太阳系中，有八颗行星围绕着太阳运转。考点一:thesolarsystem太阳系Thesolarsystemisthesystemofplanets,satellites，etc。，ofwhichthesunisthecenter。太阳系是行星、卫星等的星系，其中太阳是中心。考点二：systemn.系统；体系；制度Theyaredesigningaroadsystem.他们在设计一个道路系统。Alltheworkersarepreparedtotakeoverthewholesystemofproduction.所有的工人准备接管整个生产体系。Thepresentsystemofeducationneedsimproving。目前的教育制度需要改进。归纳：system作“系统；体系；制度"讲时为______名词。单项填空1）（2011·四川阆中测试)Thebankisequippedwithanewalarm______。Wecansayit'ssafeandreliablecompletely.A．method B．wayC．order D．system翻译句子2)据说，太阳系是四十五亿年前形成的。________________________________________________________________________2。However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory，theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。剖析：句子中的过去分词accepted作定语，修饰theory.如：YoushouldpracticeyourspokenEnglish。你应该练习你的英语口语.考点：theoryn。学说；理论AccordingtoDarwin'stheories，humanbeingsandmonkeysaredescendedfromthesameancientanimal.按照达尔文的学说,人和猴子源于同一种远古动物。Itseemsgoodintheory，butitdoesn'tworkinpractice.理论上它似乎很不错，但实际上却行不通.归纳:theory既是可数名词也是不可数名词。词组intheory的含义是“______”。派生词：theoreticaladj.理论的；theoreticallyadv。理论地;理论上单项填空1)（2011·福建厦门月考）Whatweneedtolearnishowtoput______intopractice。A．belief B．systemC．theory D．adventure2)Withoutpracticetherewouldbeno______.A．happiness B．theoryC．knowledge D．learning用theory的适当形式填空3)Wemustcarryoutour______assoonaspossible。4)______hewastheirfriend。5)Thisworkisstill______；wehaven’ttestedanythingyet。3．Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4。5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.随后它会变成什么没有人能知道，直到38～45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。剖析：1）Whatitwastobecome是一个主语从句，在整个句子中作主语；betodo这一结构在本句中表示“将要"。如：Wearetoattendanimportantmeetingtomorrowmorning.明天上午我们要去参加一个非常重要的会议。2)untilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsago为时间状语，until表示“直到……时候”。3)句子中的whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe是定语从句，修饰前面的时间between4.5and3。8billionyearsago.betodo的其他用法：1）表示命令、义务、职责等，可译作“应该,必须”；长辈要求晚辈做某事常用这一句型。2)表示将来要做的事，或按计划、约定要做的事，这一用法较正规，可译作“打算，将要".3)表示不可避免将要发生的事,或命中注定的事.4)用于第一人称疑问句，表示征求对方意见。5）用于否定句，表示“禁止"，相当于mustn’t。YouaretofinishyourworkbeforeIcomeback。你必须在我回来之前完成工作。Whenaretheytoreturntotheirhomeland?他们打算什么时候回国？Hewastobecomeafamousathleteaftersevenyearsofhardtraining。经过七年的艰苦训练他注定要成为一名著名的运动员。AmItogoonwiththework？我要继续完成这项工作吗？Thebooksinthisroomarenottobetakenoutside.这个室内的书籍不得带出室外。单项填空1)(2010·全国卷Ⅰ)ThediscoveryofgoldinAustralialedthousandstobelievethatafortune______.A．ismade B．wouldmakeC．wastobemade D．hadmade2）（2011·河北辛集期中)Haveyoupreparedforthesportsmeetingwhich______soon？A．hastakenplace B．willbetakenplaceC．istotakeplace D．istobetakenplace4．Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。剖析：1)句子中的that引导的是结果状语从句,和so构成固定搭配：so。。。that.。。。如：Theboyworkedsohardthathegotarisesoon。那个男孩工作很努力,不久就得到了提升。2）在that从句中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的从句whethertheshapewouldlastornot(主语从句).英语中，为了保持句子结构的平衡，常用it作形式主语，而真正的主语如动词不定式、动名词或主语从句则后置。考点：violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的；强暴的Theboatsankinaviolentstormatsea。船在海上猛烈的风暴中沉没了。Theclasswerefrightenedbyhisviolentlanguage.全班同学都对他激烈的言辞感到震惊。Thatmanhadaviolenttemper。那个人脾气暴躁。派生词:violencen．暴力；violentlyadv.猛烈地；激烈地单项填空1)（2011·甘肃兰州期中)Theconcertlastmonthwas______thatalltheaudiencewantedtoattenditonceagain。A．sosuccess B．suchsuccessC．soasuccess D．suchasuccess2)NewOrleanswasregardedasthemost______U．S。citywithmorethan19,000crimesreportedinayear.A．fundamental B．gentleC．violent D．harmful用violent的适当形式填空3)Childrenshouldnotbeallowedtowatch______movies。4)Theywere______opposedtotheidea.5）Whateverhappens,theywon'tuse______。5．Theywereintimetoproducecarbon，nitrogen，watervapourandothergases，whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere。最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体,从而形成了地球的大气层。剖析：本句中的which引导的是非限制性定语从句.Aboutfortypeoplewerekilledintheaccident,whichmadeussad.大约四十人在这次事故中丧生，这使我们很难过。考点:intime及时；终于Idon’tthinkyouwillbeintimeforthemeeting.我认为你不能及时参加那个会议。Let'sgetupearlysoastobeintimetocatchthefirstbus。我们早点起床吧，以便及时赶上第一班公共汽车。Mikewasastrangeman，butintimeIgottolikehim。麦克是个奇怪的人，但是最终我还是渐渐喜欢上了他。归纳：intime后常可接“for＋名词"或____________，但不可接“for＋doingsth”.1）注意intime和ontime的区别：intime指“及时，在时限到来之前，迟早,终于”。ontime则指“准时,按时"。如：Whenyouareintrouble，Iwillcometohelpyouintime.当你处于困境时,我会及时来帮助你。Becauseoftheheavyrain，hedidn’tarrivethereontime.因为下大雨，他未能按时到那儿。2)time重点短语归纳:innotime立即；立刻atonetime曾经；一度；同时allthetime一直killtime消磨时间forthetimebeing暂时单项填空1）（2011·吉林长春期中)LifeinHainangoeson______，eventhoughthenaturaldisasterhititterribly.A．aswell B．intimeC．infact D．asusual2)（2011·安徽蚌埠期中)You’llsucceed______becauseyouarealwaysworkinghard。A．ontime B．intimeC．attimes D．atthetime3）Youcan’timaginethislakeusedtobeabeautifulplaceinourprovince______.A．atanytime B．atonetimeC．innotime D．attimes6．WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbut,unliketheearth，ithaddisappearedlater。在火星这些其他行星上也都出现过水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。考点：unlikeprep.不同；不像ThisbookisquiteunlikeanythingI'veeverreadbefore。这本书与我以前看过的任何一本书都大不相同。UnlikeLiMing，GaoLiangdoeseverythingcarefully.不像李明,高亮做什么事情都认真。ItisunlikeTomtobelateforschool：heisusuallyontime.上学迟到可不是汤姆平时的样子：他通常很准时。归纳：句式Itisunlikesbtodosth的含义是“__________________"。1)unlike也可作形容词,含义是“不相像的”。如:Theyaresounlikethatnobodybelievestheyarebrothers。他们一点也不像，没有人相信他们是兄弟。2）反义词：like单项填空1)(2011·辽宁期中)Itis______Bethtodrink.Iwonderifsheisallright.A．dislike B．likelyC．unlikely D．unlike翻译句子2）不像他的父亲，他有幽默感。________________________________________________________________________7．Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas。许多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。剖析:Whatmanyscientistsbelieve是what引导的主语从句，其中what在从句中作believe的宾语。is后的that引导的是表语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接词的作用。考点:harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的Workinginsuchafactorycanbeharmfultoyourhealth。＝Workinginsuchafactorydoesharmtoyourhealth。在这样的工厂工作对你们的健康有害。归纳：beharmfulto＝____________,其含义是“对……有害”。1）harm作动词时，含义是“损害，对……有害";作名词时含义是“害处”。Ihaveneverharmedanybody.我从未伤害过任何人。Iknowhemeantnoharm。我知道他没有恶意.Thereisnoharminyourtalkingwithyourfriend.你和朋友谈一谈没有害处.Itdoesnoharmforyoutoworkwithhim。你和他一起工作没有害处。归纳：①meannoharm的含义是“____________”。②句型Thereisnoharmin（one's)doingsth的含义是“（某人）做某事没有害处”。③句型Itdoesnoharmforsbtodosth的含义是“（某人）做某事没有害处"。2）反义词：harmlessadj.无害的单项填空1)(2011·安徽蚌埠期中）Iadviseyoutogiveupsmokingforitis______toyourhealth。A．harm B．harmlessC．harmful D．harmfully2)(2011·浙江温州期末)Onceharmis______totheecosystem,allspecieswill______，includingmanhimself。A．made；beindanger B．done；bedangerousC．caused；beendangered D．done；beindanger3)（2010·浙江卷)Manylifestylepatternsdosuch______greatharmtohealththattheyactuallyspeedup______weakeningofthehumanbody.A．a；/ B．/；theC．a；the D．/；/用harm的适当形式填空，每空一词4)Toomuchcarbondioxideis____________theenvironment.5)Moreandmorepeoplehaverealizedthatsmoking__________________ourhealth.翻译下面的句子6）吃得太多对你的健康有害。________________________________________________________________________8．Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs.它们一般是通过孵蛋来繁衍后代的.考点:layeggs下蛋Theducklaidteneggsthismonth.这只鸭子本月下了十个蛋.Whendoesthiskindoffishlayeggs?这种鱼何时产卵？归纳:layeggs中的lay为______动词，意思是“产（卵)，下(蛋）”，其过去式和过去分词均为______.辨析lay与lie：lay是及物动词，其含义是“产卵,下蛋，放置”，其过去式、过去分词均为laid，现在分词是laying。lie作“平躺，位于”讲时，是不及物动词,其过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain，现在分词为lying。lie作“撒谎"讲时,既是及物动词也是不及物动词，其过去式和过去分词均为lied，现在分词是lying。Theboylayinbed.那个男孩躺在床上.Sheliedtomethatshehadfinishedthework。她向我撒谎说她完成了工作。单项填空1)（2011·河北藁城月考）Theman______there______thathehad______moneyonthetable.A．lying;lied；laid B．laid;lied；lyingC．lied；laid;lying D．lying；laid；lied2)（2011·辽宁期中)He______hisgununderthetreewherehewas______.A．lay；laying B．laid；lyingC．lied；laying D．lay；lying3）Thewhitehen______threeeggslastweek。A．lays B．laidC．lied D．lain9．Theylaideggstooandexistedontheearthformorethan140millionyears.它们也生蛋,在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。考点：existvi。存在；生存Weknowproblemsstillexistinoureducationsystem。我们知道我们的教育制度方面仍旧存在问题。Amancannotexistwithoutair.没有空气人不能生存。Sheexistsonteaandbread。她靠茶和面包生活.归纳：exist为不及物动词，不用于______结构,也不用于进行时态.词组existin的含义是“____________”；existon的含义是“________________________”。1)exist常用其现在分词作定语，表示“现存的”、“现在的"。如：Undertheexistingschoolruleswemustwearschooluniforms。在现在的学校制度下，我们必须穿校服.2)派生词:existencen．存在其常用词组有：inexistence存在；现有comeintoexistence开始存在；成立existentadj。现存的；存在的单项填空1）(2011·黑龙江牡丹江期末)TheRomanEmpire______forseveralcenturies.A．exists B．existedC．wasexisted D．isexisting2）______acertaindoubtamongtheworkersastowhetherhecouldfinishthetaskinashorttime.A．Itwas B．TherehadC．Thereexisted D．Ithad完成句子,每空一词3)Theseworkersmainly____________（靠……生存）breadandtea。4)DoyouknowwhenthenewMarriageLaw__________________(出现)?5）____________（存在）agoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography。10．Theseanimalsweredifferentfromalllifeformsinthepast,becausetheygavebirthtoyoungbabyanimalsandproducedmilktofeedthem。这些动物（哺乳动物)不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳.考点一：bedifferentfrom的含义是“与……不同”.如：ThePhilippinesisdifferentfromwhatIimagine。菲律宾与我想象的不同.考点二：givebirthto产生；分娩EveryyearmanywomengotoHongKongtogivebirthtotheirbabies.每年许多妇女到香港去生孩子。1）birth常用短语归纳:atbirth在出生时bybirth在血统上；生来;天生地frombirth（从）出生以来如：Sheweighed8poundsatbirth。她出生时重8英磅.HewasaGermanbybirth。他在血统上是德国人。Themanhasbeenblindfrombirth。这个人从出生以来就看不见东西。2）辨析：givebirthto与beborngivebirthto表示“生产，生下”，其宾语是表示幼仔或婴儿的词语，其主语是表示雌性或人类女性的词语。beborn则表示“出生”,其主语通常是被生下的人或动物，其后不接宾语。如:Thewomanhasgivenbirthtothreechildren.这位女士已生了三个孩子。Whenwasyourdaughterborn?你的女儿是什么时候出生的？单项填空1）(2011·陕西西安期中)ItissaidthatJamesWatt'snoticeofsteamcomingfromboilingwatergave______birthtotheideaof______steamengine。A．a；the B．不填；aC．a；a D．不填;the2）Theclothesshewearsarealwaysdifferent______others'。A．in B．of C．for D．from翻译下面的句子3)昨天他的妻子生了个男孩.________________________________________________________________________4)这只狗生了四只可爱的小狗。________________________________________________________________________11．Thustheyhave，intheirturn，becomethemostimportantanimalsontheplanet.于是，它们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。考点：inone’sturn轮到某人；接着Iwillcleantheblackboardtomorrowinmyturn。明天轮到我擦黑板了。Theyfinishedtheirwork.Intheirturn，theywenttohelpothers.完成了自己的工作，他们接着去帮助别人。turn作名词时重点短语归纳：byturns轮流outofturn不合时宜地taketurns轮流inturn轮流；反过来inreturn作为报答TomandJackdrovethecarbyturns.汤姆和杰克轮流开车。Heansweredthequestionoutofturn.他不合时宜地回答了问题。Thethreebrotherstookturnsatlookingaftertheirsickmother。这兄弟三人轮流照顾他们生病的妈妈。Languageisthecarrierofcultureandinturnisinfluencedbyculture.语言是文化的载体，反过来语言又受文化的影响。CanIbuyyoulunchinreturnforyourhelp？感谢你帮忙，我请你吃午饭好吗？单项填空1）(2011·福建三明月考）JohnoftenhelpsmewithmymathsandIhelphimwithhisEnglish______.A．inreturn B．inanswerC．byturns D．inturn2)(2011·甘肃兰州期末)AcleanenvironmentcanhelpthecitybidfortheOlympics,which______willpromoteitseconomicdevelopment。A．innature B．inreturnC．inturn D．infact翻译句子3)每一位学生轮流起来发言.________________________________________________________________________12．Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere，whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace。他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中,这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去.剖析:which引导非限定性定语从句,修饰先行词carbondioxide。考点:prevent。。.from..。阻止;制止Noonecanpreventmefromgoingthere。没有人能够阻止我去那儿。Theydidn’tpreventhimexpressinghisviews。他们没有阻止他发表自己的观点。归纳：prevent.。.from后接动词的______形式，在主动句中其中的______可以省略。1)prevent.。.from的同义词组:stop。..from。。.keep.。.from.。。Seemingly，wecandonothingtostopthis（from）happening.我们似乎没有办法来阻止这件事情的发生。Thismedicinehelpstokeeptheteethfromloosening.这种药有助于防止牙齿松动。归纳:stop。。。from。..中的from______省略，而keep。。。from。。.中的from______省略.2)protect。。。from/against表示“保护……使之不受……的侵袭/伤害”。如：Sheprotectedhereyesfromthesunwithherhand.她用手挡住阳光以保护眼睛。单项填空1）（2010·四川卷）Aftergraduatingfromcollege，Itooksometimeofftogotravelling，______turnedouttobeawisedecision。A．that B．whichC．when D．where2）(2011·江西分宜期中）Thegovernmenthastoclosethosesmallfactoriesto______thewateroftheriver______。A．prevent;frompolluting B．protect；frompollutingC．protect；frompolluted D．prevent;beingpolluted3)Wemust______theactofcheating______afaircompetitionsystem。A．prevent；creating B．stop；tocreateC．keep；fromcreating D．stop；creating4)(2011·福建师大附中期中)Nothingcanpreventtheirplans______.A．fromcarriedout B．tobecarriedoutC．carryingout D．frombeingcarriedout13．Sowhetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。剖析:1)本句中,有两个whether引导的从句，其中whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocome是主语从句;whetherthisproblemcanbesolved作介词on的宾语，是宾语从句，此处的whether不能换成if。2）在表示宇宙间独一无二的天体前，要用定冠词，如本句中的ontheearth.3）tocome为动词不定式，作后置定语，修饰millionsofyears.单项填空1)（2011·福建漳州期中）Hisabilityisneverindoubt—thequestionis______heispreparedtoworkhard.A．whether B．ifC．that D．where2)Canwesee______sunwhenwearein______space?A．the；the B．the；/C．/；the D．/;/用if或whether填空3）Pleasetellme______youwillgotothelecturestomorrow.4)Itdependson______theskyisgoingtoclearup。5）Look，Kate,I’mcallingthedoctor，______youlikeitornot。14．Howlifebeganonearthisoneofthebiggestpuzzlesthatscientistsfoundhardtosolve。生命到底是怎样起源的