专题20 被动语态-备战2023年中考英语核心语法逐个突破（原卷版）

被动语态考点热度★★★★★内容索引内容索引命题趋势动词的时态和语态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。知识导图被动语态知识链接（一）被动语态的句型；（二）被动语态的各种时态形式；（三）被动语态的用法；（四）主动语态变被动语态；（五）主动形式表示被动意义。考点突破考点1：主动语态变被动语态考点2：主动形式表示被动意义小试牛刀2022年各地模拟20题直击中考2022年各地中考20题知识导图知识导图知识知识链接知识点01被动语态的句型【语法详解】句型构成例句肯定句主语+be+过去分词(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到处有人说英语。否定句主语+be+not+过去分词(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.这里的人不说英语。一般疑问句Be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?汤姆被要求早点来吗?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他没有。特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+be+主语+过去分词(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府为什么要拆毁这座桥?【即学即练】SpudWebb________atfirstbecauseofhisheight,buthedidn’tloseheart.A．refuses B．refused C．wasrefused D．willberefused知识点02被动语态的各种时态形式【语法详解】时态结构例句一般现在时主语+am/is/are+过去分词+其他Historyismadebythepeople.历史是人们创造的。Thesebooksaredesignedforchildren.这些书是为孩子们设计的。一般过去时主语+was/were+过去分词+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.这封信是用英语写的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.这些车是上海生产的。一般将来时主语+willbe+过去分词+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作将保留到你回来。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?这项工作什么时候完成？现在进行时主语+am/is/am+being+过去分词+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一条新铁路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因为我的车正在修理，所以我不得不坐出租车去上班。过去进行时主语+was/were+being+过去分词+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.这个个大厅去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了没有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.当我经过那个村庄时，道路正在加宽。现在完成时主语+have/hasbeen+过去分词+其他HehasbeensenttoworkinShanghai.他已经被派往上海工作了。HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?运动会已经推迟到下周五了吗？过去完成时主语+hadbeen+过去分词+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我们来之前已经有人强行进过这间屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那儿时，一座新旅馆已经建好了。情态动词主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的体温应该一天量两次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。【即学即练】—Susan,whyareyouintheclassroom?Allyourclassmatesareonthebus.—I’msorry,butI________whattimetogetonthebus.A．amnottell B．didn’ttell C．haven’ttold D．wasn’ttold知识点03被动语态的用法【语法详解】用法例句不知道或者不必说出动作的执行者Howisthiswordpronounced?这个单词怎么发音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.这本书是2005年出版的。强调动作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我们村将开办一所新的希望学校。当动作的执行者是泛指时Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人怀疑他抢劫银行。表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作的执行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告诉我不要吵闹。句法修饰的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.乔要做这个报告，他是意大利的一位年轻的音乐家。有些动词习惯上常用被动语态Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在这个城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.据报道，他是来自新西兰的一位教授。【即学即练】Amy________totheparty.Shehadawonderfultimewithus.A．invites B．isinvited C．wasinvited D．hasinvited知识点04主动语态变被动语态【语法详解】说明例句含有单个宾语的主动句，即＂主语+谓语动词+宾语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，并依据上表（被动语态的各种时态形式）谓语改为被动形式；如果需要说明动作的发出者，则需加上＂by+主动句的主语（人称代词宾格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英语作了两次报告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他们经常在课后问一些问题。含有双宾语的主动句，即＂主语+间接宾语+直接宾语＂：当直接宾语是名词或代词时，可将间接宾语和直接宾语中的任意一个变为被动的主语，而另一个保持不动。但是，当直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前应加上介词to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老师给我提了一些关于发音方面的好建议。含有复合宾语的主动句，即＂主语+宾语+宾语补足语＂：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，宾补保持不动(成为主语补足语，简称主补)。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我们叫他李华。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他们把房间刷成了白色。【易错警示】感官动词和使役动词后接动词原形作宾补，变为被动语态时，需要在动词原形前加上省略的不定式符号to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.刚才他们看见她进入了会议室。含有动词短语（作谓语）的主动句：谓语为及物动词短语的主动句方可变为被动语态。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他们把这些孩子照顾得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我们应该充分利用这次好机会。【易错警示】动词短语用于被动语态时，把它们看作一个整体变成被动结构，其后的介词和副词不可丢掉。【即学即练】WewillholdameetingnextTuesdayat3p.m.（改为被动语态）Ameetingwill________________nextTuesdayat3p.m.知识点05主动形式表示被动意义【语法详解】情况例句说明主语的性质、特征的动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.刚烤好的蛋糕不容易切。表示感官的连系动词，用主动形式表达被动意义，如：smell，feel，taste，sound等。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.这段音乐听起来不错。Mooncakestastedelicious.月饼尝起来很美味。某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动意义，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.这辆自行车需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的头发该理了。【知识拓展】常见的被动形式表示主动意义的词组：beseated坐着，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿着【即学即练】—Theoranges________sweet.—Ofcourse.TheyarefromYongxing,Chenzhou.A．taste B．eat C．drink D．smell考点突破考点突破考点01主动语态与被动语态的转换Theguarddidn’tallowustoenterthetheatre.（改为被动语态）We________________toenterthetheatre.【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：这个警卫不允许我们进入剧院。第二步-变为被动语态，原句是一般过去时，因此被动语态也是一般过去时，结构为was/weredone。主语是We，因此be动词用were，否定为weren’t；allow的过去分词是allowed。故填weren’t；allowed。【结论】主动语态与被动语态的转换（1）句式“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的转换。含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，有两种方式：可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，直接宾语不变。Mygrandmagavemeapresentyesterday.→Iwasgivenapresentbymygrandmayesterday.也可以将直接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这时，应在间接宾语前加介词，如：to、for等。Myfatherboughtmeanewcomputer.→Anewcomputerwasboughtformebymyfather.（2）句式“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”的转换。含有宾语补足语的主动句变为被动句时，可将其宾语变为被动结构的主语，宾语补足语留在原处作主语的补足语。Themanpaintedthedoorgreenyesterday.→Thedoorwaspaintedgreenbythemanyesterday.（3）含有感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等以及后面跟不带to的不定式的使役动词make、let、have等的主动句变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。Thebossmakesthemworktwelvehoursaday.→Theyaremadetoworktwelvehoursadaybytheboss。（4）含有短语动词的主动句变为被动句时，不能把动词与介词或副词分开，也不能遗漏动词后的介词和副词。Icantakegoodcareofthedog.→Thedogcanbetakengoodcareofbyme.【典例秒杀】Mr.Wanghaschosentenmorepeopleasthenewfootballteammembers.（改为被动语态）Tenmorepeople________________chosenasthenewfootballteammembers.Somereportersinterviewedgovernmentofficialontrafficproblemsyesterday.（改为被动语态）Agovernmentofficial________________ontrafficproblemsbysomereportersyesterday.Wemusttakegoodcareoftheoldpeopleinourcountry.（改为被动语态）Theoldpeoplemust________________goodcareofinourcountry.MumasksmetopreparebreakfastafterIgetup.(改为被动语态)Iamasked________breakfastafterIgetup.考点02主动形式表示被动意义的情况

Thiskindofcomputer________lastyear.Butthesaleshavedroppedalotbecauseofthenewestmodel.A．soldwell B．weresoldwell C．sellwell D．aresoldwell【作法】第一步-对原文进行翻译：这种电脑去年卖得很好，但是因为新款的出现，销售额已经下降了很多。第二步-考查主动表被动和一般过去时的用法。根据“lastyear”可知，本句是一般过去时，可排除CD选项；sellwell意为“畅销，卖得好”，其中sell为不及物动词，无被动形式。故选A。【结论】主动形式表示被动意义的情况（1）连系动词如smell、taste、feel、sound等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。Thewatersmellsfunny.水味道怪怪的。（2）表示主语特征、状态的动词如wash、write、sell、read、open、cut、keep、lock、clean等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布料很容易洗。Thiskindofcarsellswell.这种汽车卖得好。（3）表示开始、结束类的动词如start、begin、close、finish、stop、end等，可以用主动形式表示被动意义。Inthethirdyear,studentsbeginthestudyofclassicalChinese.学生在三年级开始学习古代汉语。（4）在表示“需要”意义的need、want、require等词的后面加动名词，是主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。Thisdeskneedsrepairing（=toberepaired）.这张课桌需要修理。Yourcoatneedswashing（=tobewashed）.你的大衣需要洗一下。（5）形容词worth后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。Thesebooksareworthreading.这些书值得一读。Themuseumisworthvisiting.那个博物馆值得参观。【典例秒杀】Thispairofboots________leather,andit________verycomfortable.A．ismadeof;feelsB．ismadefrom;isfeltC．ismadeof;isfeltD．ismadefrom;feelsCourseslikecooking,tidyingarewellworth________.Theycanhelpusliveabetterlife.A．learned B．tolearn C．learning—Iamweakinreading.Everytime,Ialwaysmakesomemistakeswithreadingquestions.—Iknow.ButIthinkthereadingmethodsyouareusedto________.A．needimproving B．needingtoimprove C．needtoimproveSomething________ifwehavethepartynextweek.A．happens B．ishappened C．willhappen D．willbehappened小试牛刀小试牛刀1．（2022·辽宁·铁岭县莲花第一初级中学一模）The24thWinterOlympicGames________inBeijinginFebruary,2022.Itsmotto（口号）was“TogetherforaSharedFuture”.A．isheld B．holds C．washeld D．willbeheld2．（2022·广西贵港·二模）—Howdoesyourfatherhelpyouinyourlife?—Whenthingsaren’tgoingwell,I________nottogiveupbyhim.A．encourage B．encouraged C．amencouraged D．willencourage3．（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）Thethree-childpolicy_________tofightthedropinthenation’sbirthrateandthechallengeofarapidlyagingpopulationlastMay.A．introduces B．isintroduced C．introduced D．wasintroduced4．（2022·江苏宿迁·三模）Nowmoreandmorepeople________todovoluntaryworkfortheircommunities.A．haveencouraged B．areencouraging C．wereencouraged D．areencouraged5．（2022·辽宁辽阳·一模）—Yourroomisreallytidyandclean.—Thankyou!It________anhourago.A．cleaned B．willclean C．iscleaned D．wascleaned6．（2022·江苏·苏州市金阊实验中学校一模）Theproblemisalittlebitcomplicated(复杂的).Itneeds________again.A．discussed B．discussing C．discuss D．todiscuss7．（2022·河北·育华中学一模）The16thProvincialGamesofHebei__________inHandan.Ican’twait!A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld8．（2022·内蒙古兴安盟·一模）Whatanicegarden!It________everyday!A．iscleaning B．hascleaned C．mustclean D．iscleaned9．（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）Thelightintheroom________beforeyouleave.A．mustturnoff B．willturnoff C．mustbeturnedoff10．（2022·江苏镇江·模拟预测）GuAiling________inbothChinaandmanyothercountriesbecauseofheramazingskiingskills.A．remembers B．isremembered C．isremembering D．remembered11．（2022·山东·无棣县教育科学研究中心二模）—Claudia,areyougoingtoJeff’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday?—UnlessI________.A．invited B．willbeinvited C．wasinviting D．aminvited12．（2022·辽宁·盘山县教师进修学校二模）I’mafraidIcan’tfinishthetaskontimebecauseI__only30minutes.A．give B．gave C．amgiven D．willbegiven13．（2022·四川达州·模拟预测）—Thismathproblem________inhalfanhour.—Don’tworry.Mr.Wangisgoodatmath.Hecanmakeit.A．isworkingout B．wouldworkout C．hasworkedout D．shouldbeworkedout14．（2022·重庆开州·一模）Jennythinksthattheteenagers_______tochoosetheirownclothes.A．allow B．allowed C．areallowing D．shouldbeallowed15．（2022·山东·青岛三十九中二模）Thewordsthatweshouldpayattentionto________ontheblackboard.A．beingwritten B．arewritten C．iswriting D．bewritten16．（2022·山东·阳信县教育科学研究中心一模）—Traintickets________online.Itisconvenient.—Yes,youcantakethetrainwithyourIDcard.A．sold B．weresold C．aresold D．havesold17．（2022·湖北武汉·三模）DuringtheTangDynastynearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hasbeenfound C．mustbefound D．couldbefound18．（2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’anduringtheTangDynasty（朝代）.A．isfound B．werefound C．havebeenfound D．couldbefound19．（2022·广西·柳城县教育局教研室一模）Theoldman_________after.A．needslooking B．needtolook C．needslook20．（2022·安徽·一模）ThesenovelswrittenbyLuXunarereallyworth________.A．read B．reads C．toread D．reading直击中考直击中考21．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）IamhappyI________tobethemonitorofourclassbymyclassmates.A．choose B．chose C．waschosen22．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）TheForbiddenCity(紫禁城),thelargestpalaceintheworld,________morethan600yearsago.A．built B．werebuilt C．wasbuiltup D．wasbuilding23．（2022·海南·中考真题）Fewstudentscouldunderstandthesentenceuntilit________byMissChen.A．explained B．wasexplained C．wasexplaining24．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）Aftertheboy’shomework________,hewentouttoplay.A．finished B．finishes C．wasfinished D．isfinished25．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）UNICEF,partoftheUnitedNations,_____inEuropein1946afterWorldWarII.A．setup B．wassetup C．tookup D．wastakenup26．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）—TheLawonFamilyEducationPromotion(家庭教育促进法)_________onOct.23,2021.—Yeah!Itcameintoeffect(生效)onJan.1,2022.A．passes B．waspassed C．passed D．pass27．（2022·福建·中考真题）Lastmonth,thelittlegirl________wellenoughbytheneighborswhileherparentswerevolunteering.A．iscaredfor B．wascaredfor C．willbecaredfor28．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）TheYouthSportsCenteronZixiaoRoad________lastyear.A．built B．wasbuilt C．hasbuilt D．wasbuilding29．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）TheCommunistPartyofChina’s20thNationalCongress(中共二十大)_______inautumnthisyear.A．washeld B．isheld C．willbeheld30．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—Ihearthatyoutookpartinaforestclean-upactivityl