浙京津鲁琼专版2025版高考英语大二轮复习专题一语法填空第二部分语法精析第三节名词冠词和数词学案新人教版

PAGEPAGE1第三节名词、冠词和数词1．Onestudyshowedthat(woman)whodrankalotofcoffee，likeeightormorecupsperday，whileeq\x(they)werepregnantweremorelikelytohavechildrenwithbirthdefects.(2024·11月浙江)答案women解析考查名词复数。此处泛指喝大量咖啡的妇女，指某一类人用名词复数。下文中的they也是提示。故填women。2．MakingChinese(dish)isseenasespeciallytroublesome.(2024·6月浙江)答案dishes3．Amerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromeq\x(all)(cause)．(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案causes解析考查名词复数。cause表示“缘由，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。4．Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity(医学界)asamethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadeq\x(some)unintendedside(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案effects解析考查名词复数。sideeffect副作用，由前面的some和下文中的两个例子overweightandheartdisease可知名词effect用复数形式effects。5．Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoandfromwork.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案crowds解析考查名词复数。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。6．Shehasturneddowneq\x(several)(invitation)tostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudies.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案invitations解析考查名词复数。several表“几个”，其后要用名词invitation的复数形式。7．LastOctober，whiletendinghergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledouteq\x(ahandfulof)small(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.(2024·浙江)答案carrots解析考查名词复数。ahandfulof一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。ahandfulofcarrots几个胡萝卜。8．Recent(study)eq\x(show)thatwearefarmoreproductiveatworkifwetakeshortbreaksregularly.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案studies解析考查名词复数。依据后面的谓语动词show，表示复数形式，故主语也应是复数形式。提示词是名词，首先分析句子，确认不须要变更词性，就可以考虑用名词复数形式。一些标记词可以快速确认。1．修饰词①oneof＋名词复数。②大于2的基数词，different，various，many，these/those，few，afew，several，all，both，other，a(large)numberof，acoupleof，adozenof，dozensof，ahandfulof后用名词复数。③some后假如名词可数，要用复数。2．谓语动词：假如所填的名词作主语，谓语动词是复数形式are，were，have或动词原形，则用名词复数。3．特殊的复数名词belongingsn．财产possessionsn．财产congratulations庆贺surroundingsn．环境findingsn．发觉good/badmannersn．有礼貌/没礼貌taketurns轮番inalldirections四面八方inruins严峻受损；破败不堪1．InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavuthavereportedincreasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements，leadingtoeq\x(a)(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案belief解析考查名词。依据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。2．Wearesoproudofher.It’s(wonder)．(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案wonderful解析考查形容词作表语。依据句子结构可知，在系动词is之后应用形容词作表语，故填wonderful。3．Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofeq\x(an)interesting(compete)towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案competition解析考查名词。由空前的aninteresting可以确定空格处应当填名词形式。故填competition。4．Theyalsosharedwithusmany(tradition)eq\x(stories)aboutHawaiithatwerehugelypopularwithtourists.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案traditional解析考查形容词。空格处修饰名词stories，应用形容词，tradition的形容词形式为traditional，故填traditional。5．OtherAmericanstudiesshowedeq\x(no)(connect)betweenuniformsandschoolperformance.(2024·浙江)答案connection/connections解析考查名词。no是形容词，修饰名词，connect的名词形式为connection表示“联系，关联”，为可数名词，故填connection/connections。6．Schooluniformseq\x(are)(tradition)inBritain，butsomeschoolsarestartingtogetridofthem.(2024·6月浙江)答案traditional解析考查形容词。are是系动词，其后常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。7．It’snevertooearlytomakenecessarypreparationsforahealthyeq\x(and)(meaning)collegeexperience.(2024·北京)答案meaningful解析考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy并列，修饰后面的名词collegeexperience，故此处也要用形容词形式。故填meaningful。8．Researchershavefoundthatthereisadirectlinkbetweentheincreaseinfoodeatenoutsidethehomeandtherisein(weigh)problems.(2024·6月浙江)答案weight9．Toavoidkneepain，youcanrunonsoftsurfaces，doexerciseseq\x(to)(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉)，avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案strengthen解析考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。10．Runningischeap，easyandit’salways(energy)．(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案energetic解析考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。11．AccordingtotheWorldBank，Chinaaccountsforabout30percentoftotal(globe)eq\x(fertilizerconsumption)...(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案global解析考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语fertilizerconsumption应用形容词，名词globe的形容词形式是global。12．MynameisMireyaMayor.I’ma(science)eq\x(who)studiesanimalssuchasapesandmonkeys.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案scientist解析考查词形转换之名词构词法。由空后的who可知，定语从句的先行词是表示人的名词。scientist科学家。(一)提示词是名词，首先分析句子，如须要变更词性，依据语境确认用哪种词性。构词法——常见的词根词缀①­en动词后缀strength→strengthen加强fright→frighten使胆怯 length→lengthen延长②­fy动词后缀beauty→beautify美化qualification→qualify使取得(资格)class→classify分类③­ize/­ise动词后缀apology→apologiz(s)e致歉memory→memorize记住④常见形容词后缀eq\x(名词＋­y)sun→sunny阳光足够的fog→foggy有雾的wealth→wealthy富有的health→healthy健康的noise→noisy吵闹的eq\x(动词＋­able)advise→advisable明智的，可取的comfort→comfortable舒适的accept→acceptable可接受的eq\x(名词＋­al)education→educational有教化意义的season→seasonal季节的addition→additional附加的，额外的accident→accidental意外的eq\x(名词＋­en)wood→wooden木制的gold→golden金色的eq\x(动词＋­ent)differ→different不同的insist→insistent坚持的depend→dependent依靠的eq\x(名词＋­ish)fool→foolish愚蠢的self→selfish自私的child→childish孩子气的eq\x(动词＋­ive)act→active主动的impress→impressive印象深刻的eq\x(名词＋­ful)power→powerful强有力的peace→peaceful和平的beauty→beautiful漂亮的wonder→wonderful很棒的help→helpful有帮助的eq\x(名词＋­less­ful的反义)home→homeless无家可归的hope→hopeless无望的help→helpless无助的eq\x(名词＋­ous)fame→famous出名的envy→envious艳羡的humor→humorous幽默的ambition→ambitious有野心的caution→cautious谨慎的eq\x(名词＋­ly)friend→friendly友好的order→orderly有秩序的time→timely刚好的month→monthly每月的day→daily每天的eq\x(动词＋­ing构成的形容词)promise→promising有前途的reward→rewarding值得的last→lasting持续的appeal→appealing吸引人的invite→inviting迷人的eq\x(特殊变更)variety→various多种多样的value→valuable宝贵的benefit→beneficial有益的energy→energetic充溢活力的⑤名词以­ce结尾，形容词以­t结尾confidence→confident自信的elegance→elegant优雅的patience→patient有耐性的evidence→evident明显的intelligence→intelligent有才智的，智能的violence→violent暴力的，猛烈的(二)提示词是动词，首先分析句子并依据语境标记词确认是否须要填名词。1．句子结构①设空作主语，或者作及物动词、动词短语或介词的宾语，填名词。②系动词之后，含义是“什么”，用名词。2．语境标记词①冠词＋(形容词＋)名词。②形容词性物主代词、全部格、数词、量词、形容词之后，往往用名词。③and/but/or并列连词连接并列成分。3．动词变名词规律①常见的名词后缀­ness，­ment，­tion，­ance，­sion②describe→description描述permit→permission允许apply→application申请；应用argue→argument争辩conclude→conclusion结论depend→dependence依靠③动词＋­al变成名词arrive→arrival到达approve→approval批准；赞同withdraw→withdrawal撤回；取款dispose→disposal处理propose→proposal建议；求婚survive→survival幸存1．Ofnineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations，threearedeclining，sixarestable，oneisincreasing，andninelackenoughdata.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案the解析考查定冠词。此处为特指，意为“在已知的19个北极熊亚种群中”，故填the。2．Whenwegotacallsayingshewasshort­listed，wethoughtitwasjoke.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案a解析考查冠词。依据句意“我们还以为这是一个玩笑”可知，此处joke为泛指，且joke的发音以辅音音素开头故填a。3．Everybodywearssamestyleofclothes.(2024·6月浙江)答案the解析句意为：每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same是形容词，意思是“相同的”，常与the连用修饰名词。故填the。4．Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years，whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.(2024·全国Ⅱ)答案the解析考查冠词。此处特指过去的25年，故用定冠词the。5．Unexpectedly，I’mface­to­facewiththegorilla，whobeginsscreamingattopofherlungs.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案the解析考查冠词。atthetopofone’slungs用最洪亮的声音，放声大叫，为固定搭配。6．Asresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.(2024·全国Ⅰ)答案a解析考查固定搭配中的冠词。asaresult结果。7．Instead，sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.(2024·全国Ⅲ)答案a解析考查冠词。句意为：相反，她在纽约作为一名模特每天收入6500英镑。用不定冠词a表泛指。8．ForPahlsson，itsreturnwaswonder.(2024·6月浙江)答案a解析考查冠词。awonder一个奇迹。1．定冠词the①上文提及，独一无二，一般名词构成的专出名词前，西洋乐器前，序数词前，最高级前，用定冠词the。②含有修饰限定词的结构中③“the＋adj.”表示一类人the＋定语＋名词the＋名词＋定语从句/非谓语作定语thevery/only＋名词thesame2．泛指，表“一个”用a/an。往往没有修饰限定词，a/an＋(形容词)＋单数可数名词①首字母是元音字母，但发辅音，用冠词a，如auniversity，a＋useful/usual/unique/united/European/one­eyed/one­way＋名词②以u开头，但用an(往往是un­否定前缀)：an＋unusual/unhappy/unforgettable＋名词，anumbrella雨伞③首字母是辅音字母但发元音：anhour，anhonor，an＋honest＋名词3．固定搭配中的冠词①定冠词thecatch/hit/take＋sb.＋介＋the＋身体部位，inthe1990s，ontheInternet，in/over/duringthepastdays/months/years在过去的……日/月/年，makethemost/bestof充分利用，inthecountryside在乡下，beinthehabitof有……的习惯，atthesametime同时，atthetopof在……的顶端，forthetimebeing短暂，theotherday＝afewdaysago几天前，ontheway在途中，inthelongterm/run长远看来，themore...，themore...句型②不定冠词a/anhaveagoodtime玩得兴奋，makealiving谋生，asaresult因此，forawhile一会，inahurry匆忙地，inaword总之，atadistance离一段距离，awasteof...奢侈，amatterof...……的问题，haveagoodknowledgeof精通；驾驭，makeanapology致歉，payavisitto探望，keepaneyeon照看；关注③抽象名词详细化：表示一个……的人/事asuccess/pleasure/comfort/surprise/failureone→first，two→second，three→third，five→fiftheight→eighth，nine→ninth，twelve→twelfth，twenty→twentieth，thirty→thirtieth增分训练增分单句训练Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Well­offfamiliesareruledbycalendars，withchildrenparticipatinginballet，soccerandafter­schoolprograms，accordingtonewPewResearchCentersurvey.答案a解析第一次提到这个调查，表示“一个”，用a/an，又因为new的发音是以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。2．Itisunforgettableformetoseethehugecocacolabillboardshownonunnamedlongandnarrowstreet.答案an解析此处是泛指一条无名的长而狭窄的街道，所以用不定冠词。因为unnamed的发音以元音音素开头，所以用an。3．Italsostressedthatadmissionsarenotonlybasedontestscoresbutacomprehensive(assess)ofeachapplicant.答案assessment4．InJanuary，manyShanghaiyoungstershandedinproposalsonissuesrangingfromnetworksecurityandthefuturecitytotheprotectionof(tradition)culture.答案traditional解析依据后面的名词可以确认前面须要填形容词。所以填traditional。5．Despiteavague(describe)oftheremotemountainvillage，theexplorershadnodifficultyfindingitwiththehelpofthelocals.答案description解析此处是“a＋adj.＋n.”的结构。特殊留意describe变成名词是不规则变更，其名词形式为description。6．Ifwecangivemorethanreceive，we’ll(strength)theharmonyamongpeopleandliveinabetterworld.答案strengthen解析此处须要动词与and后的live并列作谓语，所以应变为strengthen表示“加强；强化”。7．Thereis，forexample，apassionateletterfromHuangYongyutoplaywrightCaoYu30yearsagotocriticizehislackof(create)．答案creativity解析介词of后跟名词，故用名词形式creativity“创建力”。8．ThePacificOceancontainsabout25,000islands.The(major)ofthemarefoundsouthoftheequator(赤道)．答案majority解析通过the可以推断，须要填名词形式。9．TheyarebythecoastandknownforhavingsomeofsunniestweatherintheUK.答案the解析后面有最高级，意为“阳光最足够的天气”，所以判定须要用定冠词the。10．Andhehasseenrapid(grow)inmusic，film，fashioninChina，whichoffersopportunitiestopeoplefrom(variety)backgrounds.答案growth；various解析rapid为形容词，空格处应为hasseen的宾语，所以grow应变为名词形式growth；其次个空格处，由后面的名词backgrounds推断，此处须要填形容词，所以变为形容词形式various。Ⅱ.易错练习1．Inadditiontotopscoresongaokao，(apply)alsoneedtomeetEnglishlanguagerequirements，participateinaninterviewandtakeasubject­specificwrittenadmissionassessment.答案applicants解析句子缺少主语，可以推断须要填名词。依据含义推断，此处说的是申请者，须要用复数形式，所以填applicants。2．Expertsnotethat(chemical)againstthewormsarecostly，dangerousanddonotalwayswork.答案chemicals解析通过分析可知that从句中缺少主语，所以chemical此处用作名词。谓语动词为are，所以应当用复数形式。3．Beijing，thecapitalofChina，remainedthemostattractivecityforChinese(graduate)，followedbyShenzhenandShanghai.答案graduates解析graduate此处作名词，意为“毕业生”，为可数名词，此处表复数概念，故填graduates。4．Francesentasenior(represent)tothesecondBeltandRoadForumforInternationalCooperationinBeijinginApril,2024.答案representative解析此处是“a＋adj.＋n.”的结构，所以填representative。5．Clonesofdifferentkindsareproducedinvariousways，andtheyhavebecome(value)inmanymedicalapplicationsandbiologicalexperiments.答案valuable解析考查名词变形容词。become为系动词，所以此处用形容词形式作表语。增分写作训练——名词、冠词和数词在写作中的应用1．IknowwellaboutChinesepaintings，whichisbeneficialforintroducingthemtothelocals.(beof＋抽象名词＝be＋形容词)(2024·全国Ⅰ)IpossessagoodknowledgeofChinesepaintings,whichisofgreatbenefitforintroducingthemtothelocals.2．Youshouldbewellprepared，whichmeansyoushouldparticipateinregularpractice，sleepproperlyandhaveabalanceddiet.(同义句改写)(2024·全国Ⅱ)Properpreparationsincludefrequentparticipationinregularpractice，propersleepandabalanceddiet.3．Ihopeyoucanconfirmwithmewhenitisconvenientforyou.(同义句改写)(2024·全国Ⅲ)Ihopeyoucansendmeyourconfirmationatyourconvenience.强化练(四)Ⅰ.语法填空A(2024·台州模拟)Chinese­AmericancommunitygroupsarepreparingtoholdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化节)onSept.28inFlushingQueens，NewYorkCity’seasternmostborough.Theeventservesnotonly1.aspectacularceremonytomemorizetheworld­famousChinesephilosopher，butachance2.(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities，saidWangLizhi，presidentofAmericaEastShandongAssociation(AESA)．Co­sponsoredbyAESA，AmericaEastShandongChamberofCommerceandConfuciusEducationFoundationInc，thefestival3.(feature)recitationofthe“DiZiGui”，literallytranslatedas“StandardsforBeingaGoodPupilandChild”，abook4.(write)basedonConfucius’teachingsthatemphasizethe5.(base)necessitiesforbeingagoodpersonandguidelinesfor6.(live)inharmonywithothers，aswellasChinesetraditionaldances，Shandongfolkmusicandphotoexhibitions.Thegroupshostedthe7.(one)InternationalConfuciusCulturalFestivalinflushingonSept.28lastyeartocelebratethe2,568thanniversaryofthebirthofConfucius(551BC－479BC)．Confuciuswas8.extraordinaryeducatorandphilosopher，andfoundedConfucianism.Itwashe9.firstsetupprivateschoolsandreceivedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout10.(consider)oftheirsocialstatus.eq\x(语篇解读本文介绍了孔子文化节的庆祝活动及该节日的意义，同时也对孔子做了介绍。)1．答案as解析考查介词。此处指庆祝孔子文化节活动不仅是作为一个壮丽的仪式来纪念世界闻名的中国哲学家。表示“作为”用介词as。2．答案tocelebrate解析考查动词不定式。此处指这个活动还是与当地其他社区一起庆祝中国文化的机会。此处是不定式作chance的定语，故填tocelebrate。3．答案features解析考查动词的时态和主谓一样。此处指这个文化节以背诵《弟子规》为特色，与上下文时态一样用一般现在时，主语thefestival是单数，故填features。4．答案written解析考查非谓语动词。句中abook与动词write是被动关系，指书被写。此处用过去分词作定语表被动，故填written。5．答案basic解析考查形容词。修饰名词necessities用形容词，指基本的须要。故填basic。6．答案living解析考查非谓语动词。句中介词for后用动词­ing形式作宾语，故填living。7．答案first解析考查序数词。此处由定冠词the限制，依据文章开头“holdtheirsecondannualInternationalConfuciusCulturalFestival(孔子文化节)onSept.28”可知今年是其次届，去年是第一届。故填first。8．答案an解析考查冠词。此处指孔子是一位杰出的教化家和哲学家，表示“一个”且extraordinary首字母发元音。故填不定冠词an。9．答案that/who解析考查强调句型。本句是“Itis...that/who...”强调句结构，强调的是主语he，故用that/who引导。10．答案consideration/considering解析考查词性变换。此处指孔子接收来自各行各业的学生，而不考虑他们的社会地位。介词without后加名词，再加of结构，故填名词consideration。BSincechildhood，I11.(see)actionmoviesstarringBruceLeeandJackieChan，andIwasalwayscurioustolearnthemartialarts(武术).12.thereisChina，thereiskungfu.OnceIarrivedinChina，mydreamwas13.(learn)taichiandkungfuandmasterthetechniquesofmartialarts.Aftermyarrivaloncampusonthefirstday，Iwentforawalkintheearlymorning.Isawsomeolderpeople14.(practise)taichislowly.Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely.Itattractedme，andtheverynextdayatregistrationtime，Irushedtotheteacher’sofficetochoosetaichiasmy15.(option)course.ThefollowingweekIwasonthegroundsearlyinthemorningwithmyclassmates.Theteachertoldusthattaichi16.(favor)foritshealthbenefits.Themovementofthebodyisrelated17.theyinandyangforces.Themain18.(rule)thattheteachertaughtuswereattitude，discipline(自律)andbalance.Iwastakingeverybitofthetraining19.(serious)andtryingtomaintainmybalance，whichwasadifficultjob.However，astheteacherputs20.，ourattitude，ourwillingnessandouractionwillmaketheimpossiblepossible.AndIwilldo.eq\x(语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲解并描述的是自己到中国实现自己儿时学习中国功夫的幻想。)11．答案haveseen解析考查时态。since引导的时间状语常与现在完成时连用。12．答案Where13．答案tolearn解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，不定式和动名词都可以作表语，但是依据后面的“andmaster”可知，and连接并列的非谓语动词作表语，master前省略了to，故本空应用不定式。14．答案practising解析考查非谓语动词。本句为“see＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾语someolderpeople与practise之间是逻辑上的主动关系，且依据后面的“Istoppedandwatchedtheirmovementsclosely”可知，宾补动作正在发生，故用practise的现在分词形式。15．答案optional16．答案isfavored解析考查时态和语态。taichi与favor之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故此处用被动语态。虽然主句用了一般过去时，但是依据语境可知，宾语从句描述的是客观事实，故从句用一般现在时。下一句的时态也是示意。17．答案to解析考查介词。berelatedto...与……有关，是固定搭配，故填介词to。18．答案rules解析考查名词复数。由后面的谓语动词were可知，此处主语要用名词的复数形式。19．答案seriously解析考查副词。修饰动词用副词。take...seriously仔细对待……。20．答案it解析考查代词。assb.put(s)it是常用句型，意为“正如某人所说的那样”。Ⅱ.阅读理解AThemostwelcomesightonacold，wetwinternightinLondonisthefamiliarshapeofaLondontaxicabapproachingwithitsyellow“forhire”signshiningbrightly.Thatshowsitisreadytopickyouup.TravellingbytaxiinLondonisnotjustawayofgoingfromoneplacetoanother.Itisanexperiencetobeenjoyedandremembered.Themainreasonforthisisthedrivers，whoarecalled“cabbies”．ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.Asimpletwenty­minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie!Onethingisforsure，itwillneverbeboring.Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars，theRoyalFamily，governmentleaders，andpopularsingersoractorsandactresses.Theyalsoknowthebestplacestoeat，shopandrelax.Andtheycantakeyoustraighttoanylargehotel，departmentstore，theatreormuseum.Theyknowtheshortestwaypossiblewithoutevenlookingatamap，becauseeveryonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled“TheKnowledge”．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.Theymusttakeintoaccountthetimeofday—inrushhour，alongerroute(路途)maybequicker—anddescribethebestway.Moreovertheymustneverforgettheone­waystreets!语篇解读本文是说明文。文章介绍了在伦敦坐出租车是一种值得享受和牢记的经验，伦敦出租车司机们友好健谈，对伦敦特别熟识，都是通过考试的合格司机。21．FromwhatcanwetellthatsomeoneisaCockney?A．Theirinterest. B．Theirmanners.C．Theirspeech. D．Theirappearance.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段中的“ManyofthemaretrueCockneys.ThismeanstheywerebornintheheartofLondonandspeaktheirownspecialdialect(方言)ofEnglish.Allofthemknoweverystreetandfamousbuildinginthecity，andallofthemlovetotalk.”可知，真正的Cockney诞生在伦敦，说伦敦特殊的方言，对伦敦地理熟识且喜爱交谈。所以通过一个人的说话就能推断其是不是Cockney。故选C。22．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestbymentioning“AuntyNellie”inParagraph2?A．Passengersarefullofcuriosity.B．Cabbies’topicsarewide­ranging.C．AuntyNellieispopularinLondon.D．Londonersarefriendlytoeachother.答案B解析推理推断题。依据其次段中“Asimpletwenty­minutejourneyacrosstowncanbecomeveryinteresting.Youmayhaveadiscussionaboutthegovernmentanditsleadersorafriendlytalkaboutthedriver’sAuntyNellie！”可知，伦敦出租车司机能够让乘客旅途很好玩，可能会谈论政府和领导，也可能会谈论司机的家人。作者提到“AuntyNellie”是为了说明出租车司机的话题很广泛，他们很健谈。故选B。23．Whatisthepurposeof“TheKnowledge”？A．Toqualifyonetodriveataxi.B．Toassessone’sdrivingskills.C．Totestdrivers’abilitytowrite.D．Tochecktaxidrivers’memory.答案A解析推理推断题。依据第三段中的“...everyonewhowantstobecomeataxidrivermustpassaverydifficultexaminationinordertogetalicensetodriveataxi.Theexamiscalled‘TheKnowledge’．Itisawrittentest，andinitdriversareaskedtheshortestwayfromoneplacetoanother.”可知，TheKnowledge是出租车司机的资格考试，通过笔试测试司机对路途的熟识程度和应变实力等。故选A。B(2024·上海长宁区二模)ThebusscreamedtoastopinNazareth，Israel.FiveAustralianbackpackersboardedandstruckupaconversationwithme.Theyaskedtypicaltravelers’questions—wherewasIgoingandwhywasItravelingalone?Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.Mystomachwasinknots，butIdecidedtoheadoutanyway，thinkingImightrunintoherifItraveledtoTiberias，wherewehadplannedtogotogether.“Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？”oneofthebackpackersoffered.Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.TheircurrentplanwastoexploretheMiddleEastandEuropeinthreemonthswhileworkinginLondon.Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.Forthenexttwoweeks，IexploredIsraelwiththebackpackersandlearnedtotrustmyinstinctinalltypesofnewandinterestingsituations.Whentheyhookaride，Itookthebus，butwhentheywantedtostealintotheKingDavidHotel’sswimmingpool，Iledtheway.TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.Ijoinedcompletestrangers，whobecomeclosefriends.Yearslater，onecouplefromthebackpackinggroupevenflewfromSydneytoPhoenixtobeinmywedding.Thetripwassuchaspecialexperiencethatitgavemeconfidenceinallareasofmylife.Sincethen，I’vebackpackedaloneacrossSouthAfrica，sky­divedfrom12,000feetinNewZealandandevenmovedacrosstheU．S.withnojoblinedup.OnmythirddaywanderinginIsraelwithmynewfriends，IbumpedintothewomanIwassupposedtomeet.ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。作者原本与挚友约好去旅游，却被放了鸽子，她确定一个人去。途中她遇见了五个背包客，这些背包客邀请她一起去旅游，她和这些人一起经验了美妙的几天，并和他们成了好挚友。24．By“Mystomachwasinknots”(inParagraph1)，theauthormostlikelymeansthatshewas.A．sickofridingonabumpybusB．nervousofmeetingstrangersC．upsetaboutthesuddenchangeD．sorryabouttheimpracticalplan答案C解析句意理解题。依据前文“Myplanwastotravelwithafriendofafriend，Iexplained，butwhenIcalledherthatmorning，shedidn’tpickupandIhadnootherwaytoreachher.”可知作者被挚友放鸽子了，被放鸽子确定是悲观的，C项(因为突然的变更而感到懊丧的)最符合作者此时的心情，所以选C。25．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebackpackerstheauthormet?A．Courageousbutdisrespectful.B．Joblessandpoorlyeducated.C．Warmheartedandtrustworthy.D．Homelessbutlighthearted.答案C解析推理推断题。依据其次段中“‘Whydon’tyoutravelwithus？’oneofthebackpackersoffered.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游，说明他们很热心；依据“Theywereexperiencedadventurerswhowouldworkforafewmonths，save，thentravelforaslongastheycould.”可知这些背包客旅游阅历很丰富，所以是值得信任的，综合选C。26．Theauthor’ssixthsensetoldherthat.A．shewouldgetalongwiththebackpackersB．itmightcausetroubletohaveaswimC．sheoughttostayawayfromthebackpackersD．itcouldaddexcitementtogetafreeride答案A解析推理推断题。依据第三段中“Itseemedriskytotravelwithstrangers，butmyinstinctsaidyes.”可知这些背包客邀请作者一起旅游时，她的本能(instinct)也就是第六感说了“好”，也就是说她的第六感让她信任她能和这些背包客相处得很好，才会答应他们的邀请，故选A。27．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Mostofthebackpackersbecametheauthor’slifelongfriends.B．Theauthorgatheredthecouragetobeafulltimebackpacktraveler.C．Thewomanmissedthephonecallwiththepurposeoftravelingalone.D．Theauthorconsidereditthebestdecisionofherlifetotravelonherown.答案D解析推理推断题。依据第三段中“TheworldopeneduptomebecauseIchosetotravelalone.”可知作者觉得自己选择一个人旅游让自己看到了更大的世界；再结合文章最终一句“ThoughIwashappyshewasallright，Iwasgratefulshehadn’tpickedupthephone.”可知作者庆幸她的挚友没有接她的电话。由此可以推断作者认为独自旅行是她一生中最好的确定，故选D。Ⅲ.七选五(2024·河南豫北名校质量评估)Ifyou’reafirst­timelanguagelearner，youknowthatemotional(情感的)upsanddownsareanormalsituation.Whenyouunderstandaconceptorbegintocomprehendthelanguage，youmayexperiencefeelin