2024-2025学年下学期高一英语人教新版期中必刷常考题之说明文阅读理解

第58页（共58页）2024-2025学年下学期高一英语人教新版期中必刷常考题之说明文阅读理解一．阅读理解（共15小题）1．（2022秋•邯郸期末）Theworld'sanimalpopulationshavereducedbymorethantwothirdssince1970，accordingtoarecentresearchfromtheWorldWildlifeFund.TheLondongroupprovidedinformationon32，000wildlifepopulationswhichincludedmorethan5，000species.Theresearchersfoundthatpopulationsizeshadreducedby69percentonaverage.Theysaidthelossofforests，humanexploitation（开采）oftheenvironment，pollution，andclimatechangeweregreatcausesofthereducedpopulations.Land﹣usechangeisstillthebiggestthreattowildlife.However，theresearchersalsoaddedthatclimatechangewaslikelytobecomethemajorcauseinthecomingyears.WildlifepopulationsinLatinAmericanandtheCaribbeanSeaareaweregreatlyaffected.Theresearchshoweda94percentdropinthoseareasinover50years.Wildlifepopulationsinriverandlakehabitatsdecreasedthemost.Freshwaterpopulationshavereduceddramaticallysince1970.Forexample，onepopulationofpinkriverdolphinsintheAmazonRiverareaofBrazilfellby65percentbetween1996and2021.Thesefindingsarearedflagthatwarnsofalargersystemfailureontheway.Evenonespecies'populationdropcanaffectotherspecies，finallyaffectingtheecosystem'sabilitytofunction（运转）.Humansdependonanunchangeableclimateandproductivefarmlandandfisheriestogetahead，butthepresentstatesarethreateningmanylife﹣sustainingecosystems.Ourfuturedependsonchangingtheunbalancesituationofnaturejustasitdependsonaddressingclimatechange.Andyoucan'tsolveonewithoutsolvingtheother.Everyonehasaroleindoinghisbit，fromindividuals（个人）tocompaniestogovernments.Ifnothingchanges，animalpopulationswillundoubtedlycontinuetofall，threateningtheecosystemsonwhichwealldepend.（1）Whatisthegreatestthreattothewildlifepopulationsnow？A．Airpollution.B．Land﹣usechange.C．Globalclimatewarming.D．Illegalhuntingandkilling.（2）Howdoestheauthordescribethedecreaseoffreshwaterwildlife？A．Bylistingnumbers.B．Bygivinganexample.C．Byexplainingthecauses.D．Bymakingacomparison.（3）Whatcanbethefinalresultofonespecies'populationdrop？A．Thefarmlandbecomespoorer.B．Theweatherchangesunexpectedly.C．Thewholeecosystemfunctionpoorly.D．Thefishinggroundiscompletelypolluted.（4）Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？A．Towarnhumansoftheirextremebehaviour.B．Toraisefundsforresearchonclimatechange.C．Toshowthedifficultyofprotectingecosystem.D．Tocallonpeopletotakeactiontoprotectwildlife.2．（2024春•福建期中）Mostpeopleintheireightieswouldconsiderthemselvesluckynottohavehealthproblems，butthisisnotthecasewithToshisukeKanazawa.The82﹣year﹣oldJapanesebodybuilderisnotonlyinperfectphysicalcondition，butalsolooksbetterthanalotofmenaquarterhisage.Kanazawaisalivingexamplethatyou'renevertoooldtohitthegymandachievethebodyyou'vealwaysdreamedof.Achampionbodybuilderinhisyouth，Kanazawastoppedexercisingcompletelyafterheretired（退休）atage34，drinking，smokingandeatingwhateverheliked.Itwasn'tuntilheturned50thathewantedtoregaintheperfectbodyofhisyoungeryears.Kanazawa'swifefeltsickfrequently，andtheformerbodybuilderrememberedthatshehadneverbeenhappierthanwhenhewonthenationalchampionship.So，topleaseher，hedecidedtoreturntothegymandcompletelychangehisdiet.Hisworkoutschedulehadtochangeaccordingtohisage.Inhisyouth，hewouldspenduptosixhourstraininginthegymeveryday，andhisbodywouldrecoverwithintwodaysafteraparticularlyintensiveworkout，butthatwasnotthecaseanymore.Hecutthedailygymtimetothreehoursandstartedgivinghisbodyoneweektorecoverafterexercisingeverymusclegroup.Kanazawa'seffortspaidoff.In2016，attheageof80，Kanazawadefeatedmanyopponentsandplacedsixthintheworldinamatchforbodybuildersover65，andwontheadmirationofthecrowd.Sportkeepsthiselderlymanhealthy，ashehasnotsufferedsomuchasacoldsincehestartedbodybuildingagainatage50."Iwanttobeasuperoldmaninthebodybuildercommunity，"Kanazawasaid，"IfIhaveagoal，Icancontinuemovingforward.Ihavetoworkmuchharder."（1）WhatcanwelearnaboutKanazawafromparagraph2？A.Hestartedbodybuildingattheageof34.B.Heseldomexercisedwhenhewasyoung.C.Hehadserioushealthproblemsinhisyouth.D.Hedevelopedanunhealthylifestyleafterheretired.（2）WhydidKanazawadecidetotakeupexerciseagain？A.Tomakealiving.B.Tohelpchangehisdiet.C.Tocheeruphiswife.D.Torecoverfromillness.（3）WhatdidoldKanazawadowhilerebuildinghisbody？A.Hewentonadiet.B.Heturnedtothedoctorforadvice.C.Hecombinedrelaxationwithexercise.D.Hespentuptosixhourstrainingeveryday.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.Bodybuilding：NoAgeLimitB.Champion：TheResultofWorkoutC.Understanding：ASecrettoHappinessD.Exercise：TheBestMedicineforIllnesses3．（2024春•福建期中）Teenagershavelongbeentoldthatbeingactiveandtakingpartinvarioussportsisgoodfortheirhealth.Butnewresearchsuggeststhattoomuchsportforteenagerscouldnegativelyaffecttheirwell﹣beingjustasmuchastoolittlesport.ResearchersfromSwitzerlandsaytheirstudysuggeststhat14hoursofphysicalactivityaweekisbestforpromotinggoodhealthinteenagers.However，theyfoundthatmorethan14hoursappearstobedetrimentaltotheirhealth.Toreachtheirfindings，theresearcherssurveyedmorethan1，245teenagersagedbetween16and20fromSwitzerland.Allparticipantswererequiredtoanswerquestionsonheightandweight，sportspractice，sportsinjuriesandwell﹣being.Theirwell﹣beingwasassessed（评估）usingtheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）Well﹣BeingIndex，andtheaveragewell﹣beingscoreforallparticipantswas17.Theresearchersdividedsportsparticipationintolow（0—3.5hoursaweek），average（3.6—10.5hours），high（10.6—17.5hours），andveryhigh（morethan17.5hours）.Theresearchersfoundthatparticipantsinthelowandveryhighactivitygroupsweremorethantwiceaslikelytohavewell﹣beingscoresbelow13，comparedwithparticipantsintheaveragegroup.Theresearchersfoundthatthehighestwell﹣beingscoresweregottenbyparticipantswhocarriedcutaround14hoursofphysicalactivityaweek，butexercisingbeyond14hoursresultedinlowerwell﹣beingscores.Commentingontheirfindings，theresearcherssayphysicalactivityhasbeenconnectedwithpositiveemotionalwell﹣being，reducedsadness，anxietyandstressdisorders，andimprovedself﹣respectinteenagers.Theresearcherssuggestthattheirstudystressestheimportanceforphysicianscaringforteenagerstochecktheirlevelofsportspracticeandaskthemabouttheirwell﹣being.Teenagersprobablyneedasupportiveandcloserfollow﹣upoftheirhealthandwell﹣being.Thefindingscanprovideinformationforguidelinegroupswhoproducerecommendationsonsportspracticeforteenagers.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"detrimental"inparagraph2probablymean？A.Useless.B.Important.C.Reasonable.D.Harmful.（2）Whatdotheresearchersfindout？A.Lowsportsparticipationcausesoverweight.B.Thesportsparticipationisdividedintofourlevels.C.Thehighestwell﹣beingscoresaregotteninthe"high"group.D.Theaveragewell﹣beingscoreofteenagersbetween16and20inSwitzerlandis17.（3）Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom？A.Aresearchpaper.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Abusinessreport.D.Afitnessdiary.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.Measurestoimproveteenagers'well﹣being.B.Concernsofphysiciansaboutteenagers'well﹣being.C.Importanceofphysicalactivitiesonteenagers'well﹣being.D.Relationshipbetweensportsparticipationandteenagers'well﹣being.4．（2024春•黄冈期中）Aswimmingpoolisawonderfuladditiontoahomethatthewholefamilyissuretoenjoy!Theluxuryofbeingabletoslipintoanice，coolpoolonahotsummerdayintheprivacyofone'sbackyardiswellworththecost!Theswimmingpoolisalotoffun，butitalsopresentssomehazard!Thefollowingisalistofthingsyoucandotomakesureyourfamilyisprotectedandyourpoolisasafespacetoenjoy!LearnToSwim—Beingunabletoswimmakesyouanaccidentwaitingtohappen，beitatthepool，thebeach，oraroundanybodyofwater!Ouradviceforguestsistohaveallvisitingchildrenhaveabasicswimmingtestattheshallowendtojudgetheirskills—iftheydon'tpass，thenthedeependisstrictlyofflimitstothem，evenwithfloatation（漂浮）aidssincetheycanbedangerouslyunreliable!ChildrenSupervised—Anychildrenundertheageoftenshouldbeactivelysupervisedbyaresponsibleandvigilantadultwhoknowshowtoswim!Childrenshouldalwaysbekeptinsight，andchildrenundertheageoffiveshouldalwaysbewithineasyarm'sreach.SunProtection—Thewaterisnottheonlypotentialhazardinaswimmingpool，exposuretoharmfulUVrayscanbecompoundedastheyreflectoffthewater'ssurface，andifnomeasuresaretakencandeliveranastysunburnthatmayevenrequireadoctor'scare!Applywaterproofsunscreentoallexposedpartsofthebody.Don'tusewater﹣resistantproducts，theydon'tresistforverylong，andcanjustmakemattersworse!Swimmingpoolsarealotoffun，butit'suptoyoutoplayitsafe!（1）Whyareswimmingtestsrecommendedforvisitingchildren？A.Toensurethemtoswimsafe.B.Tohelpthemlearntoswimfaster.C.Tomakesuretheyenjoyswimming.D.Tokeepthemawayfromthedeepend.（2）WhatshouldyoudotoprotectyourselffromUVrayswhileswimming？A.Tostayindoorsduringtheday.B.Toapplywaterproofsunscreen.C.Tousewater﹣resistantgloves.D.Toweardark﹣coloredswimmingsuits.（3）Wherewouldyoumostlikelyfindthisarticle？A.Inatravelbrochure.B.Inaschooldocument.C.Inaswimmingmagazine.D.Inascienceresearchpaper.5．（2024春•黄冈期中）Antshavetheabilitytosmellcancerouscellsinhumans，anewstudyhasdiscovered，suggestingtheycouldbeusedforcancerdiagnosisinfuture.ResearchersfromtheFrenchNationalCentreforScientificResearch（CNRS）discoveredthatantspeciesFormicafuscahasawelldevelopedsenseofsmell.Itwasabletodifferentiate（区分）cancerouscellsfromhealthycellsinhumans，thankstotheirsenseofsmell，limitedtrialsrevealed.Toconducttheirresearch，thescientistsperformedtestswith36ants，smellingcellsunderalaboratorysetting.First，thespecialistsexposedtheantstothesmellofasampleofcanceroushumancells.Thissmellwasthenassociatedwitharewardofsugarsolution.Inasecondstep，theresearchersexposedtheantstotwodifferentsmells.Onewasanewsmellandthesecondwasthesmellofthecancerouscells.Oncethistestwassuccessful，theresearchersexposedtheantstodifferentcancerouscells.Assuch，thescientistsfoundthatantsdiscriminatebetweencancerousandhealthycellsandbetweentwocancerouslines.Aftertraining，Formicafuscaantsareabletodetectvolatileorganiccompoundsgivenoffbycancerouscells.Thisfirststudyshowsthatantshavehighpotential，arecapableoflearningveryquickly，atlowercost，andareefficient，CNRSpointsoutinanewsrelease.Thisisn'tthefirsttimethatscientistshaveusedtheanimalsenseofsmelltolocatecancerouscells."Dogs'nosesarewellsuitedformedicaldiagnosis.However，trainingthemtodosorequiresseveralmonthstoayear.Antsthereforerepresentafast，efficient，inexpensive，andhighlydiscriminantdetectiontoolfordetectionofcancercellvolatiles，"theteamexplained，"Ourapproachcouldpotentiallybeadaptedtoarangeofothercomplexsmelldetectiontasksincludingthedetectionofnarcotics，explosives，spoiledfood，orotherdiseases."Butmoreclinicaltestsmustbecarriedoutbeforetheycouldbeusedinclinicalsettingslikehospitals，theteamsaid.Theysuggestthatinfuture，antscouldturnouttobebetterthandogswhenitcomestolocatingcancerouscellsinhumans.Whoknows？Let'swaitandsee.（1）Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicofants'potentialuseincancerdiagnosis？A.Bycomparingantstodogs.B.Bypresentingtheresultsofanewstudy.C.Bydescribingthetrainingprocessofants.D.Bydiscussingthehistoryofcancerdiagnosis.（2）Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout？A.Theprocessoftheresearch.B.Thereasonoftheresearch.C.Thelimitationoftheresearch.D.Theconclusionoftheresearch.（3）Whatcanweinferabouttheuseofantsincancerdiagnosis？A.Antshavealreadybeenusedinclinicalsettings.B.Ants'nosesaremoresensitivethandogs'noses.C.Antsmaybecomeacost﹣effectivediagnostictool.D.Antswillreplacedogsincancerdetectionentirely.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofantsincancerdiagnosis？A.Doubtful.B.Negative.C.Objective.D.Indifferent.6．（2024春•贵州期中）Capybaras（水豚）aregroupanimals，sotheydonotlikebeingalone.Inreality，leavingacapybaraaloneisnotonlyuncomfortablefortheanimal，butitcanbeharmfultotheirphysicalhealth，aswellastheirmentalwell﹣being.Capybaraslovetotalktoeachotherthroughouttheday.Groupsofcapybarasspendtheirdayssunbathingalongtheedgeofrivers，wheretheyenjoyswimmingtogetherinthewater.Theyspendhalfoftheirlivesinthewater.Sincetheyspendsomuchtimearoundwater，itmakessensethatcapybaraswouldcomeintocontactwithawidevarietyofotheranimalswhostopinforadrink.Capybarasaregentleandpeacefulriveranimalswhoenjoynapping（小睡）alongthewater'sedge—andoftendosowithotheranimalspeciesaswell.YoucanfindpicturesallovertheInternetoftheselovelyanimalslyingbesideturtles，birds，ducks，rats，andevenmonkeysastheyenjoyanapbythewater.Capybarasarealsoknowntobeexcellentandfriendlytaxisintheanimalworld.Birdsandmonkeyscommonlystandonthebackofacapybaraforarideascapybarassearchforgrasstoeat.Sometimescapybarasevenserveasboatsforotheranimals，lettingthemsitontheirheadsastheyswimthroughthewater!However，ifyouseeacapybaralyingonitssidewithayellow﹣headedcaracara（长腿兀鹰）stoppingonitsbody，don'tpanicjustyet.Mostlikelythecapybaraisenjoyinganicespaday.Birdsoftenmakefriendswithcapybarasandactasanaturalcleaningservice，pickingoffbugs（虫子）thatliveinthecapybara'sfur.It'sasymbiotic（共生的）relationship，sincetheyellow﹣headedcaracaraalsogetstoenjoyeatingabunchoftastybugs.（1）Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellusaboutcapybaras？A．Theirappearance.B．Theirlifehabits.C．Theirsurvivalskills.D．Theirrisksinhealth.（2）Whydoestheauthorcallcapybaras"friendlytaxis"？A．Theyallowotheranimalstostayontheirbacksorheads.B．Theycarrytheirfoodbyridingonanotheranimal.C．Theyguideotheranimalstoswimthroughthewater.D．Theysearchforfoodforbirdsandmonkeys.（3）Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"don'tpanicjustyet"inthelastparagraph？A．Thecaracarawon'tattackyou.B．Thecaracaramayjusttakeabreak.C．Thecapybarawon'tsufferanyinjury.D．Thecapybaramaybeprovidingitscleaningservice.（4）Whatcanweinferaboutcapybarasaccordingtothepassage？A．Theycanliveinharmonywithotheranimalspecies.B．Theyhatelyingbesidelovelyanimals.C．Theyenjoyswimmingalone.D．Theyareaggressiveanimals.7．（2022•顺德区模拟）Oneoftheoldestmetaphors（隐喻）forhumaninteractionwithtechnologyistherelationshipofmasterandslave.Aristotleimaginedthattechnologycouldreplaceslaveryifmachinebecameautomated.MarxandEngelssawthingsdifferently."Massesoflaborersaredailyandhourlyenslavedbythemachine，"theywroteintheCommunistManifesto.Today，computersoftenplaybothroles.NicholasCarr，inhisnewbookTheGlassCage：AutomationandUs，takesastandonwhethersuchtechnologyimprisonsorliberatesitsusers.Weareincreasinglyengaged，heargues，buttheinvisibilityofourhigh﹣techtrapsgivesustheimageoffreedom'.Hedescribesdoctorswhorelysomuchondecision﹣assistancesoftwarethattheyoverlooksignalsthatarenotobviousfrompatients.Allofthishasobviousimplicationsfortheuseoftechnologyinclassrooms：Whendotechnologiesfreestudentstothinkaboutmoreinterestingandcomplexquestions，andwhendotheydestroytheverycognitive（认知）capacitiesthattheyaremeanttoimprove？TheeffectofspellcheckandAutoCorrectsoftwareisanexample.Psychologistshavefoundtheactofformingawordinyourmindstrengthensyourcapacitytorememberit.Whenacomputerautomaticallycorrectsaspellingmistake，we'renolongerforcedtoformthecorrectspellinginourminds.Thismightnotseemveryimportant.Theprocessofwordformationisnotjustsupplementingspellingskills，it'salsodestroyingstudents.Whenstudentsfindthemselveswithoutautomatedspellingassistance，theydon'tfacetheprospectoffreezingtodeath，astheInuitsdidwhentheirGPSmalfunctioned，butthey'remorelikelytomakeerrors.Thiscreatesaviciouscycle：Themoreweusethetechnology，themoreweneedtouseitinallcircumstances.Suddenly，ourpositionasmastersoftechnologystartstoseemmoreinsecure.（1）WhatdidMarxandEngelsthinkofthemachine？A．Itdidtheboringdailyworkforpeople.B．Itfailedtofreepeoplefrombeingenslaved.C．Itgavepeoplemoretimetoenjoythemselves.D．Itwastheresultofthedevelopmentoftechnology.（2）WhichofthefollowingisNicholasCarrmostlikelytoagreewith？A．Technologyisaguaranteeoffreedom.B．DoctorsshouldstayawayfromtechnologyC．Toomuchinvolvementwithtechnologymayberisky.D．Somedecision﹣assistancesoftwareneedsimproving.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"inparagraph4referto？A．Studentsbeingunabletospellwordscorrectly.B．Spellcheckhelpingstudentsremembermorewords.C．Studentsdependingtoomuchonspellingsoftware.D．Spellcheckdestroyingstudents'cognitivecapacities.（4）Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage？A．Istechnologymakingpeoplestupidornot？B．Whichareasaremostaffectedbytechnology？C．Arepeoplesatisfiedwiththeadvancementoftechnology？D．Whyshouldn'ttechnologybeemployedintheclassroom？8．（2024春•贵州期中）Doyouliketokeepfit？We'realwaystoldthatregularexerciseisgoodforourbodyandmind.Moreandmorepeoplearetakingupactivitiesthatimprovetheirfitness.Butisthereariskwhenpeoplegetobsessed（痴迷的）andoverdoit？Well，forsomepeople，fitnesshasbecomeanobsessionastheyaimforperfection.Andfitnesstrackersandappscanaddtothisobsession.Andsharingdataonsocialmediameansexercisingbecomespublicandcompetitive，whichcouldcauseproblemsinsomeonewhoisvulnerable（脆弱的）.Expertssaythiscanleadtoamedicalconditioncalledorthorexianervosa，oraddictionto"healthyeating"andover﹣exercise.Untreated，itcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.ResearchfromscientistsatUniversityCollegeLondonin2017foundthathigherpostingonsocialmediawasassociatedwithincreasedlikelihoodofdevelopingorthorexia，especiallyamongfollowersofthe"healthyeating"influencers.Toomuchexercisecanalsoharmsomeone'sphysicalhealthaswell.Symptomsofover﹣exercisingincludeinjuriessuchastendinitis（肌腱炎）andalowimmunesystem.Sohowmuchexerciseistoomuch？AresearchbytheJournaloftheAmericanCollegeofCardiologyfoundtheidealpacetojogwasabouteightkilometersperhour–andthatitwasbesttojognomorethanthreetimesaweekorfor2.5hoursintotal，showingthatmoderatejoggingispossiblymorebeneficialthanbeinginactiveorundertakingmuch﹣longjogging.Ifyou'remoreofacouchpotatothanasportsman，thismightsoundlikegoodnews.Butforamateur（业余的）athleteswhocan'thelpbutpushtheirbodiestothelimit，theadvicefromMartinTurner，asportsandexercisepsychologist，is，"it'sallaboutlettinggo，notbeingobsessed，learningnottocontroleverything，saying，'Youdon'tneedtobeperfect.'"（1）Whatisthoughttoaddtopeople'sfitnessobsession？A．socialmedia.B．loveforsports.C．perfectionism.D．fitnesstrackersandapps.（2）Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3？A．Healthyeatingcanleadtophysicalandmentalhealthproblems.B．Obsessiontofitnessmaycausephysicalandmentalproblems.C．Sharingdataonsocialmediaisagoodwaytoforceustoexercise.D．Weshouldfollowhealthyeating.（3）Whatadviceshouldamateurathletesfollow？A．Takemoderateexercise.B．Pushtheirbodiestothelimit.C．Learntocontroleverything.D．Beaperfectionist.（4）Whichisthemainideaofthepassage？A．Themoreyouexercise，thehealthieryouwillbe.B．Exerciseharmsourbodies.C．Toomuchexercisemayputyouindanger.D．Sportsstrengthensourbodiesandresistsdiseases.9．（2024春•西湖区校级期中）TheGreekphilosopherHeraclitusoncesaidthatyoucan'tstepintothesamerivertwice，foryouaren'tthesamepersonateachvisitandthewateriseverflowing.Itisapowerfulwaytoshowtherealitythateverythingisalwayschanging.Yetsomanypeoplehaveunpleasantrelationshipswithchange.Weresistitorattempttocontrolit，theresultofwhichisalmostalwayssomecombinationofstress，anxiety，andburnout.Itdoesn'thavetobethatway.Nodoubt，changecan，andoftendoes，hurt；butwiththerightmindset，itcanalsobeaforceforgrowth.Aconceptcalledallostasiscanhelp.Developedinthelate1980sbyneuroscientistPeterSterlingandbiologistJosephEyer，allostasisisbasedontheideathatratherthanbeingrigid，ourhealthybaselineisamovingtarget.Allostasisisdefinedas"stabilitythroughchange"—thewaytostaystablethroughtheprocessofchangeisbychanging.Fromneurosciencetopainscienceandpsychology，allostasishasbecomethedominantmodelforunderstandingchangeinthescientificcommunity.Thebrainisatitsbestwhenitisconstantlyrewiringitselfandmakingnewconnections.Overcomingpainisnotaboutresistanceortryingtogetbacktowhereyouwerebutaboutbalancingacceptancewithproblem﹣solvingandmovingforwardtonormal.Thetimetostartpracticingisnow.Overthepastfewyears，theriverofchangehasbeenflowing，anditshowsnosignsoflettingup.Ourabilitytoworkwiththesechangesisdirectlyrelatedtoourlifesatisfaction.Givenallthis，simplycreatingastableexpectancyaroundchangegoesalongway.Sodoesrealizingthattheallostasismindsetdoesn'taskustodonothing.Rather，itasksustopartakeinchangebyfocusingonwhatwecancontrolandtryingtoletgoofwhatwecan't.WhenIcatchmyselfresistingchange，inmyheadIsaythefollowing："Thisiswhatishappeningrightnow.I'mdoingthebestthatIcan.What，ifany，skillfulactionscanItake？"Dothisrepeatedlyandfinallyyoustarttogetbetteratit.Tothriveinourlifetime—andnotjustsurvive—weneedtotransformourrelationshipwithchange，leavingbehindrigidityandresistance.Wearealwaysshapingandbeingshapedbychange，oftenattheverysametime.（1）What'sthecommonpracticetowardchange？A．Towelcomeit.B．Torejectit.C．Tooverlookit.D．Toadapttoit.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbestinterpret"allostasis"？A．Onesizefitsall.B．Timeworksgreatchanges.C．Respondtochangebychanging.D．It'snevertoolatetochange.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"lettingup"inparagraph4probablymean？A．Stopping.B．Dashingdown.C．Goingup.D．Widening.（4）Whatmighttheauthoragreewith？A．Repetitionmakesupforrigidity.B．Itmatterstofocusonwhatwecan't.C．Changespromotelifesatisfaction.D．Itmakessensetoembracechanges.10．（2024•漳州模拟）InthePixarmovieUp，afuncartoondogcalledDugwearsamagicalcollarwhichcandetectandtranslatehisbarksandcriesintofluenthumanspeech.Humanshavealwaysbeenfascinatedbythepotentialtocommunicatewiththeanimals.Thisweek，anarticleintheNewYorkTimesdocumentedmajoreffortsfromagroupofresearchersusingmachine﹣learningalgorithms（算法）toanalyzethedifferentcallsofwhales，chickens，bats，cats，andmore.ThereareseveralwaystotrainAIsystemsnow.Typically，AIsystemslearnthroughtrainingwithlabeleddataofhumanlanguagewhichcanbewellsuppliedbytheInternet.Butanalyzinganimallanguageisdifferent.Scientistshavetoinstructsoftwareprogramsonwhattolookfor，andhowtoorganizethedata.Thisprocessrequiresmatchinggainedvocal（发声的）recordingswiththevisualsocialbehaviorsofanimals.AgroupstudyingEgyptianfruitbats，forexample，alsousedvideocamerastorecordthebatsthemselvestoprovidecontextforthecalls.ManycriticsofthisapproachpointouttwoweaknessesofcurrentAIlanguagemodels：beingunabletotrulyunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenwordsandtheobjectsintherealworld，andscientists'littleunderstandingofanimalsocieties.AIlanguagemodelsforhumansrelyonacomputermappingouttherelationshipbetweenwordsandthecontextstheycouldappearin.Butthesemodelshavetheirownweakpoints，andcansometimesbeablackbox﹣researchersknowwhatgoesinandcomesout，butdon'tquiteunderstandhowthealgorithmisarrivingattheconclusion.Anotherfactorthatresearchersshouldtakeintoaccountisthatanimalcommunicationsmightnotworkatalllikehumancommunications.Theremightbeuniqueelementstoanimallanguageduetophysiologicalandbehavioraldifferences.MakingaTranslatorforanimalshasbeenapopularprojectthat'sbeenintheworksforthelastdecade.Althoughsomesoftwarehasshownsomesuccessinidentifyingthebasicvocabularyofcertainanimals，it'sstillafarcryfromunderstandingthecomplexanimallanguages.（1）WhydoresearchersuseAItoanalyzeanimals'calls？A.Totellthedifferencesamonganimals.B.TotestAI'sabilityoftranslatinganimallanguage.C.Tounderstandanimallanguagebetter.D.Toexplorethefunofcommunicatingwithanimals.（2）Whatmakesanalyzinganimallanguagedifferent？A.ThelackoflabeleddatafortrainingAIsystems.B.Thedifficultyinrelatinghumanspeechtorealobjects.C.Theneedforsoundrecordingstoprovidecontext.D.Thematchingofvocalrecordingswiththeircalls.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedterm"blackbox"refertoinParagraph3？A.AIlanguagemodelstostudyanimalcommunication.B.Theresearchers'studyonanimalsocieties.C.Therelationshipbetweenwordsandcontext.D.ThemethodofAIalgorithmstodrawconclusions.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout？A.AIsystemsforanimallanguaget