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专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷25(共

9套)

(共177题)

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、完型填空(本题共/0题,每题分,共10分。)

A.ampleB.combinationsC.directlyD.disseminatedE.generationsF.genuinelyG.

insteadH.listsI.promulgatedJ.publicizedK.scantL.shapedM.sophisticatedN.

transplantedO.virtualImagineaworldwithoutwriting.Obviouslytherewouldbeno

books:nonovels,noencyclopedias,nocookbooks,notextbooks,notelephonebooks,no

scriptures,nodiaries,notravelguides.Therewouldbenoball-points,notypewriters,no

computers,noInternet,nomagazines,nomoviecredits,noshoppinglists,no

newspapers,notaxreturns.Butsuch[Cl]ofobjectsalmostmissthepoint.

Theworldweliveinhasbeenindeliblymarkedbythewrittenword,[C2]by

thetechnologyofwritingoverthousandsofyears.Ancientkingsproclaimedtheir

authorityand[C3]theirlawsinwriting.Scribesadministeredgreatempires

bywriting,theirknowledgeofrecordingandretrievinginformationessentialto

governingcomplexsocieties.Religioustraditionswerepassedonthrough[C4]

,andspreadtoothers,inwriting.Scientificandtechnologicalprogresswas

achievedand[C5]throughwriting.Accountsintradeandcommercecouldbe

keptbecauseofwriting.Nearlyeverystepofcivilizationhasbeenmediatedthrough

writing.Aworldwithoutwritingwouldbear[C6]resemblancetotheonewe

nowlivein.Writingisa[C7]necessitytothesocietiesanthropologistscall

civilizations.Acivilizationisdistinguishedfromothersocietiesbythecomplexityofits

socialorganization,byitsconstructionofcitiesandlargepublicbuildings,andbythe

economicspecializationofitsmembers,manyofwhomarenot[C8]

involvedinfoodprocurementorproduction.Acivilization,withitstaxation

andtributesystems,itstradeanditspublicworks,requiresa[C9]systemof

recordkeeping.AndsotheearlycivilizationsofEgypt.China,and(probably)Indiaall

developedasystemofwriting.OnlythePeruviancivilizationoftheIncasandtheir

predecessorsdidnotusewritingbut[CIO]inventedasystemofkeeping

recordsonknottedcolor-codedstringsknownasquipu.

1、[Cl]

标准答案:H

知识点解析:空格前面是such,后面是介词of,因此空格处应填入名词。由空格

所在句之前的两个句子可知,如果没有文字,世界上将会没有许多东西。此处应填

入lists”清单,名单”,指代上文所罗列的物品,故H为答案。

2、[C2]

标准答案:L

知识点解析:分析句子结构可知,逗号之前是完整的被动句,所以逗号之后的成分

应是状语或定语。结合空格后的bythetechnologycfwritingoverthousandsofyears

可以判断,此处应填入动词的过去分词,作后置定语。备选动词中的sh叩cd”形

成,影响''符合句意,故L为答案。

3、[C3]

标准答案:I

知识点解析:分析句子结构可知,and连接了两个并列结构,and之前是动宾结构

proclaimedtheirauthority,而and之后的并列结构只有宾语iheirlaws,因此空格处

应填入动词的过去式。结合前半句句意“古代君王宣告其权力''可以判断,备选动词

中的promulgated”颁布实施,公布”符合句意,这里指颁布法律,故I为答案。

4、[C4]

标准答案:E

知识点解析:空格前为介词ihrough,后为and连接的并列谓语,由此可知空格处

应填入名词,作介词through的宾语。空格前面的动词短语passedon的意思是

“把……传给……”,此处要表达的应该是宗教传统以书面形式代代相传。结合备选

名词可知,generations"一代(人)”符合句意,故E为答案。

5、[C5]

标准答案:D

知识点解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前的连词and连接的两个并列成分应该是相

同的结构。and之前是被动结构wasachieved,那么and之后的结构也应该是被动

结构,因此空格处应填入动词的过去分词形式。结合句意“科技的进步通过文字获

得并"可以判断,备选动词中的disseminated”广泛传播,散布”符合句意。

disseminate指传播信息、知识等,故D为答案。

6、[C6]

标准答案:K

知识点解析:分析句子结构可知,空格前是谓语动词bear,空格后是名词

resemblance,因此空格处应填入形容词作定语,修饰其后的名词。结合句意“没有

文字的世界和我们目前所生活的世界相似之处''可知,空格处应填入具有

否定含义的形容词。备选形容词中,scant”缺乏的,不足的”符合句意,这里指没

有多少相似之处,故K为答案。句中含有一个固定用法bearlittle。noresemblance

iosth.,意为“与某事物无相似之处”。

7、[C7]

标准答案:O

知识点解析:空格前面是冠词a,后面是名词necessity,因此空格处应填入非元音

音素开头的形容词,并由此可排除A项ample。结合句意,备选形容词中的

virtual"几乎的"符合句意,这里指文字对于社会而言几乎是必需的,故。为答案。

8、[C8]

标准答案:C

知识点解析:空格前面是be动词的否定形式arenot,后面是过去分词involved,

且句子成分完整,因此空格处应填入副词,修饰involved。空格所在分句是一个非

限制性定语从句,修饰先行词ilsmembers。结合句意”...社会成员的经济专业

化,其中许多成员并未参与食品的采购或生产”可以判断,备选副词中的

directly“直接地”符合句意,这里指直接参与,故C为答案。

9、[C9]

标准答案:M

知识点解析:空格前面是冠词a,后面是名词system,因此空格处应填入非元音音

素开头的形容词,并由此可排除A项ample。结合备选形容词可知,

sophisticated“复杂的”符合句意,这里指文明需要复杂的记录保存系统,故M为答

案。

10、[C10]

标准答案:G

知识点解析:空格前表示转折的连词but连接两个并列结构。由空格后面的动词过

去式invenled可知,but连接的是并列谓语,第二个并列谓语是完整的动宾结构,

因此空格处应填入副词。结合前半句句意“只有秘鲁印加文明及其祖先没有使用文

字''和转折连词but可以判断,备选副词中的instead“相反,而”符合句意,这生指

秘鲁印加文明及其祖先反而自己发明了一套保存记录的系统,故G为答案。

二、选择题(本题共70题,每题分,共10分。)

(1)Howtheytoiledandsweatedtogetthehayin!Buttheireffortswererewarded,forthe

harvestwasanevenbiggersuccessthantheyhadhoped.(2)Sometimestheworkwas

hard;theimplementshadbeendesignedforhumanbeingsandnotforanimals,anditwas

agreatdrawbackthatnoanimalwasabletouseanytoolthatinvolvedstandingonhis

hindlegs.Butthepigsweresocleverthattheycouldthinkofawayroundevery

difficulty.Asforthehorses,theykneweveryinchofthefield,andinfactunderstoodthe

businessofmowingandrakingfarbellerthanJunesandhismenhadeverdune.Thepigs

didnotactuallywork,butdirectedandsupervisedtheothers.Withtheirsuperior

knowledgeitwasnaturalthattheyshouldassumetheleadership.BoxerandClover

wouldharnessthemselvestothecutterorthehorse-rakeandtrampsteadilyroundand

roundthefieldwithapigwalkingbehindandcallingout"Geeup,comrade\"or"Whoa

back,comrade!"asthecasemightbe.Andeveryanimaldowntothehumblestworkedat

turningthehayandgatheringit.Eventheducksandhenstoiledtoandfroalldayinthe

sun,carryingtinywispsofhayintheirbeaks.Intheend,theyfinishedtheharvestintwo

days'lesstimethanithadusuallytakenJonesandhismen.Moreover,itwasthebiggest

harvestthatthefarmhadeverseen.Therewasnowastagewhatever;thehensandducks

withtheirsharpeyeshadgathereduptheverylaststalk.Andnotananimalonthefarm

hadstolensomuchasamouthful.(3)Allthroughthatsummertheworkofthefarmwent

likeclockwork.Theanimalswerehappyastheyhadneverconceiveditpossibletobe.

Everymouthfuloffoodwasanacutepositivepleasure,nowthatitwastrulytheirown

food,producedbythemselvesandforthemselves,notdoledouttothembyagrudging

master.Withtheworthlessparasitical(寄生的)humanbeingsgone,therewasmorefor

everyonetoeat.Therewasmoreleisuretoo,inexperiencedthoughtheanimalswere.

Theymetwithmanydifficulties-forinstance,laterintheyear,whentheyharvestedthe

corn,theyhadtotreaditoutintheancientstyleandblowawaythechaffwiththeir

breath,sincethefarmpossessednothreshingmachine-butthepigswiththeircleverness

andBoxerwithhistremendousmusclesalwayspulledthemthrough.Boxerwasthe

admirationofeverybody.HehadbeenahardworkereveninJones'stime,butnowhe

seemedmorelikethreehorsesthanone;thereweredayswhentheentireworkofthefarm

seemedtorestonhismightyshoulders.Frommorningtonighthewaspushingand

pulling,alwaysatthespotwheretheworkwashardest.Hehadmadeanarrangement

withoneofthecockerelstocallhiminthemorningshalfanhourearlierthananyone

else,andwouldputinsomevolunteerlaboratwhateverseemedtobemostneeded,

beforetheregularday'sworkbegan.Hisanswertoeveryproblem,everysetback,was"I

willworkharder!"—whichhehadadoptedashispersonalmotto.(4)Buteveryone

workedaccordingtohiscapacity.Thehensandducks,forinstance,savedfivebushelsof

cornattheharvestbygatheringupthestraygrains.Nobodystole,nobodygrumbledover

hisrations,thequarrellingandbitingandjealousywhichhadbeennormalfeaturesoflife

intheolddayshadalmostdisappeared.Nobodyshirked-oralmostnobody.Mollie,it

wastrue,wasnotgoodatgettingupinthemornings,andhadawayofleavingwork

earlyonthegroundthattherewasastoneinherhoof.Andthebehaviorofthecatwas

somewhatpeculiar.Itwassoonnoticedthatwhentherewasworktobedonethecat

couldneverbefound.Shewouldvanishforhoursonend,andthenreappearatmeal­

times,orintheeveningafterworkwasover,asthoughnothinghadhappened.Butshe

alwaysmadesuchexcellentexcuses,andpurredsoaffectionately,thatitwasimpossible

nottobelieveinhergoodintentions.OldBenjamin,thedonkey,seemedquiteunchanged

sincetheRebellion.Hedidhisworkinthesameslowobstinate(顽固的)wayashehad

doneitinJones'stime,nevershirkingandnevervolunteeringforextraworkeither.

AbouttheRebellionanditsresultshewouldexpressnoopinion.Whenaskedwhetherhe

wasnothappiernowthatJoneswasgone,hewouldsayonly"Donkeyslivealongtime.

Noneofyouhaseverseenadeaddonkey,"andtheothershadtobecontentwiththis

cryptic(含义隐晦的)answer.

11、Whatisthemoralimpliedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.

B、Allbeingsarecreatedequal.

C、Factsspeaklouderthanwords.

D^Slowandsteadywinstherace.

标准答案:A

知识点解析:推断题。由题干提示定位到原文前两段。第一段是整体叙述,提到动

物们努力工作,所得到的收获也比预期的要多。第二段具体描写了动物们勤劳工作

的场面:他们克服了不少困难,从指挥者到劳作者都很尽力,而且大家都没有偷

吃,颗粒归公。可见,这两段主要说明的就是天道酬勤,故A为答案。前两段虽

然提到了大家都在努力工作,没有偷懒或偷吃的,但是这两段的主要意思并不是要

说明“众生平等”,故排除B;C“事实胜于雄辩”和D“慢工出细活”在文中并没有依

据,故均排除。

12、lbgainabiggerharvest,theanimalsmainlyovercamedifficultiesintheaspect

of.

A、theirphysicalcapacity

toolapplication

C>experienceaccumulation

D、theirintelligencelevel

标准答案:B

知识点解析:细节题。由题干关键词。vercamedifficulties定位到原文第二段和第三

段。第二段首句就指出,有时候工作是很难做的,人类使用的工具对动物并不一定

合适,因为那些工具都应该直立着才能使用;而第二段第六句提到动物们遇到不少

困难,并在随后说明由于没有脱粒机,只能用古老的方法劳作。由此可见,他们遇

到的主要困难是没有适宜的工具可以使用,故B为答案。作者提到了所有动物都

不遗余力,并且还特别提到了体力出众的拳击手,可见,动物们在体力方面没有困

难,故排除A;作者在第二段第三句指出马对耕田的事比人类的工人还要在行,可

见,动物们不缺少经验,故排除C;而文中第二段第四句和第五句指出小猪们是领

导者,作者也说他们非常聪明,指挥得当,故D也应排除。

13、WhatattitudedoesthedonkeyholdtowardstheRebellion?

A、Pessimistic.

B、Wait-and-see.

C、Fervent.

D、Sarcastic.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:态度题。由题干关键词donkey定位至原文最后一段最后五句。日定

位句可知,驴子在劳动中的表现是一如既往,对造反前后的变化不发表意见,别人

问他是否感到更幸福,他说驴子的寿命很长,潜在的意思是时间还长,造反后是否

更好现在还言之过早。由此可以推知,他的态度应该是观望,故B为答案。驴子

对造反没有明确表过态,行为也和造反前没有什么变化,可见,驴子既不悲观也不

兴奋,也没有予以讽刺,因此排除A、C和D。

(1)Noteveryself-drivingcarcompanyisahi-tcchunicorneagertodisruptthestatus

quo.Thelatestfirmtoinvitejournaliststoexperienceitsautonomoustechnologyisthe

epitomeoftraditionalcarmanufacturing:Ford.(2)OnitssprawlingcampusinDearborn,

Michigan,thecentury-oldcompanyistryingitshardesttolookandactlikeanewstartup.

InMarch,FordlaunchedasubsidiarycalledFordSmartMobility(FSM)todevelopin-

carconnectivity,ride-sharingandautonomoustechnologies.FSMisdesignedtocompete

likeastartup,withtheaimoftranslatingFord'sdecadeofworkinautonomoussystems

intorealproducts.Atitsfirstpublicautonomousvehicledemos,youngengineersand

entrepreneurswereenthusedaboutreinventingourtraffic-cloggedcities.(3)"We're

rethinkingourentirebusinessmodel,"saidMarkFields,Ford'sCEO."It'snolonger

abouthowmanyvehicleswecansell.It'saboutwhatserviceswecanprovide.We

understandthattheworldhaschangedfromamindsetofowningvehiclestooneof

owningandsharingthem.*'Thathasledtosomequirky(古怪的)investments,suchas

Ford'sacquisitionlastweekofaSanFrancisco-basedcrowdsharingshuttlebusstartup

calledChariot,andapartnershiptoprovidethecitywiththousandsofhuman-powered

bikesforaride-sharingscheme.(4)ButwhileFord'scarsalesarefairlyhealthytoday,

Fieldsforeseesaworldtransformedbydriverlesscars,Uberandclimatechange."You

couldarguethatinmajorcities,vehicledensitywilldropbecauseofautomatedvehicles

andcongestioncharges.Somecitiesmightevenoutlawpersonaluseofvehicles."Oneof

Ford'sstrategiestocopewiththisistoaccelerateitseffortstowardsafullyautonomous

car.FieldsnowsaysFordwillhaveacompletelyself-drivingcar,withoutasteering

wheel,anacceleratororpedals,inproductionby2021.Itwillinitiallybeusedonlyfor

robotictaxiservicesinrestrictedurbanareasbutshouldbeavailableforconsumersto

purchasebythemiddleofthedecade.(5)Ford'snewfoundconfidenceinself-drivingcars

comesjustasthetechnology'spioneersarestrugglingtomaturebeyondthissamegee-

whizenthusiasm.Google'sself-drivingproject,perennially(永久地)poisedtobespun

oulintoaseparatecompany,recentlylostkeymembers,whileAppleisrumoredtohave

laidoffdozensofengineersandscaledbackitsambitiousplanstobuilditsown

autonomousvehicle.(6)ButotherrivalsstillseemyearsaheadofFord.Uberis

beginningadriverlesstaxipilotinPittsburghthisweek(albeitwithahumansafety

driver),andstartupNutonomyisalreadyofferingrobotictaxiridesinSingapore.To

judgebyMonday'sdemos,ontheotherhand,Ford'sself-drivingFusionsarcstillspooked

(惊吓)bybushesgrowingtooclosetotheroadandparalyzedwithindecisionwhen

confrontedwithpedestrianswhomayormaynotbeabi)uttostepoffthepavement.(7)

Itsfleetofdevelopmentcars,currentlyjust10strong,looksthincomparedwithGoogle's

dozensofcarsoperatingacrosstheU.S.,orthethousandsofautopilot-enabledTeslas

gatheringmillionsofmilesofreal-worlddatamonthly.Fordaimstohave30autonomous

Fusionsbytheendof2016,andabout100bytheendof2017.(8)ButalthoughFordmay

appeartobelaggingbehind,ithasbeenworkingquietlybehindthescenes.Severalself-

drivingstartups,includingUber,FaradayFutureandAutonomouStuff,arealreadyusing

FordFusions(oritsnearequivalent,theLincolnMKZ)todeveloptheirown

technologies."It'stheabsolutebestvehiclerightnowfortestingself-driving/'says

BobbyHambrick,CEOofAutonomouStuff,acompanydevelopingretro-fitautomated

drivingkits."Therearenoothercarmakersthataresoopentoworkthroughthirdparties

likeus.H(9)Fieldsalsopointstothemultinational'scompetenciesinbuildingandselling

vehicles."We'vebeenworkingonautonomousvehiclesforover10years,"hesaid.,And

for100years,we'vebuilthigh-volumeproductwithqualityandaffordability.n(10)

Fieldsfinishedhiskeynoteaddressbypredictingthatautonomousvehicleswillhaveas

biganimpactonsocietyasHenryFord'smovingassemblylinedidacenturyago.Hewill

behopingthatFordwillstillbearoundtocelebratethecentenaryoftheautonomouscar.

14^Ford'sstrategiesinlinewiththetraffic-jammedworldincludeallthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、investingintosomeeccentricinventions

B、transferringitsoperationconception

C^hasteningitsdevelopmentofautonomousvehicles

D、gettinginvolvedinsomesharingprojects

标准答案:A

知识点解析:细节题。根据题干关键词[raffic-jammed定位至原文笫二段末尾。作

者在此提到福特致力于重塑交通拥堵的城市,其后的第三段第一至四句引用其首席

执行官的原话,指出福特的经营理念由关注销售转为注重服务,该段第五句则提到

了福特参与的一些分享型公共交通项目,A“投资一些稀奇古怪的发明”是对第三段

第五句的曲解,原文的意思是福特做了一些看起来与其业务关联不大的,看似古怪

的投资,故A为本题答案。B和D是福特应对交通拥堵的策略;而在第四段第四

句中作者明确提到,应对交通需求变化的一个策略是加速研发全自动汽车,故C

也符合文义。

15、WhichofthefollowingcanweinferaboutthestatusofFord'sself^drivingscheme?

A^Itisfarbehinditsrivalsintechnology.

Ithasmadeabreakthroughincertainaspects.

C^Ilisanimpulsiveactivitywithoutmaturedesign.

D^Itisrestrictedinasmall-scaletrialoperation.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:推断题。本题需要依据全文主要信息推断。文章从第二段至倒数第二

段均在说明福特无人驾驶项目的情况,其中在第八段中提到,福特的无人驾驶项目

虽然看似落后于对手,但一些该领域的先驱企业却选用了它的重要部件,并对它的

服务表示了肯定。可见,它在某些领域还是实现了突破,故B为答案。A“在技术

方面远远落后于其竞争对手”是对第八段第一句的曲解,原文是一个转折句,前半

句说福特看似落在后面,但却做了很多幕后工作,可见,福特并非真正落后,故排

除A;第五段第一句提到,福特对进入无人驾驶汽车市场的信心来自于先驱们已经

在狂热之后走向了成熟,可见,它的全自动项目不是一时冲动的决定,因此排除

C;第七段开头虽然提到福特全自动项目目前规模较小,但是也提到了它在未来几

年中迅速扩大的计划,故D也应排除。

16、What'stheauthor'sattitudetotheprospectofFord'sautonomouscarproject?

A、Utterlyoptimistic.

B、Fairlypessimistic.

C、Basicallyneutral.

D、Somewhatperplexed.

标准答案:C

知识点解析:态度题。解答本题需综合全文信息。作者开篇提出话题,即老牌汽车

企业福特研发无人驾驶新项目,随后介绍了它的研发理念、战略和一些技术发展情

况,其中也将其与同领域的竞争对手相比较,分析了它的优劣,结尾部分简单引用

了福特首席执行官的观点。尽管福特当家人对这个项目表现得自信满满,但作者在

行文中还是十分客观地分析了福特面临的挑战和问题,当然同时也指出了它的优

势。可见,作者大致还是持不偏不倚的态度,因此C为答案。问题和优势兼顾。

挑战与机遇并存,这是作者在文章中明确表现出来的,因此A和B均可排除;作

者从基本情况的介绍到竞争优劣的分析均井井有条,没有表现出疑惑,故排除D。

17、Whichcategoryofwritingdocsthepassagebelongto?

A、Narration.

Exposition.

C、Persuasion.

D、Description.

标准答案:B

知识点解析:体裁题。从全文的整体内容考虑,作者主要是介绍了福特公司建立新

项目,研发无人驾驶汽车的基本情况,同时也顺带介绍了它的主要竞争对手的状

况,以分析和解释福特新项目面临的挑战和机遇,最后引用该公司首席执行官的话

进行结篇。从核心意义和写作手法考虑,作者都是在力图说明一件事,囚此答案为

Bo文章并没有从头到尾介绍一个完整事件或是详细描述某个事物,因此排除A和

D:作者虽然进行了一些分析,也引用了一些观点,但并未明确表明自己的立场和

确立自己的论点,C不符合题意,故排除。

(1)Therobotsinmoviesandsciencefictionbooksthatriseuptotakeovertheworld

generallyareabletodosobecausewehaveplacedtheminchargeofmissiles,defense

systemsandothermilitarytechnology.(2)Weneverseeadisgruntled(不满的,不高兴

的),order-takingbotworkingatMcDonald'sorDomino'scastoffitsvirtualhairnetto

gainsentienceandoverthrowitsfast-foodoverlord.Butfastfood,alongwithshipping

warehouses,hasbecomeahotbedfbrrobotsandotherautomatedtechnology.

McDonald'shasbeentestingorderingkiosks,Domino'shasnumerouswaystoplacean

orderthatdonotinvolvetalkingwithahumanbeing,andStarbuckshasusedtechnology

toshiftemployeesawayfromordertakingtoputthemintoproduction.Itmaynotbea

fantasticUtopiawhereRosiefromTheJetsonsdoesourlaundry,butrobot/automated

technologyhasclearlyinfiltrated(潜入,渗入)fastfood.(3)Il'snotaquestionof

whetherautomationwillcome;it'soneofwhetheritwillmakestoresmoreefficientor

allowthemtogetridofhumanworkers.Starbucks,forexample,hasusedautomationto

allowittomoveworkersintomakingdrinksratherthantakingorders,butithasnotyet

cutitsworkforceinanymeaningfulway.(4)CollegeRecruiter,corn'sStevenRothberg,

whosecompanyworkstofindjobsforstudentsandcollegegraduates,believesthatfast­

foodrobotsarecoming,buthedoesnotthinktheywillsupplanttraditionalworkers."

Manyofthestudentsandsomeoftherecentgradswhouseoursitearcemployedbyfast

foodrestaurants,'*hesaid."There'snodoubtthatautomationwillcontinuetoimpactthe

numberandtypesofjobsinfastfoodrestaurantsbutIdon'tbuytheargumentthat

automatedmethodswillreplacehumanworkersinfastfoodrestaurants.Justlookat

banks.HaveATMsreducedtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutely.ButhaveATMs

comeclosetoeliminatingtheneedforhumantellers?Absolutelynot.n(5)Timothy

Carone,anITprofessor,believesthatautomationwillhappeninrestaurants,butnot

quicklyornecessarilytothedetriment(伤害,损害)offlesh-and-bloodworkers.The

professordoesbelievethatthepathtowardrobotworkerswillbeaslowone.Hesaidthat

theideathatrestaurantsareautomatingduetolaborcostsisonlypartiallytrue.(6)"

Automationwouldoccuratmuchlowerlaborcoststhanexisttodayorinthefuturebut

automationcostsmoney,'hesaid,notingthattheexpensewilllowerovertime.nWhcthcr

arestaurantbecomespartiallyorfullyautomatedshoulddependonitscustomersand

locations.Fast-foodfranchiseslocatedanywherearefindingtheircustomersvalue

automation.Restaurantsatairportsorsimilarlocationsthatprovideacaptiveaudience

butnoloyaltyexceptforbrandloyaltywillfindautomationnecessaryandvaluedby

customers-fasterisbetter."(7)DonaldMazzela,aboardmemberofthenonprofit

NationalRoboticsEducationFoundation,saidhisgrouphasbeenlookingattheissueof

robotsinrestaurantsforthreeyears,notingthatroboticinteractionisbeingtaughtin

culinary(烹饪的)andhospitalitycoursesthroughouttheworld."Inourlateststudy,we

estimatetheaveragefastfoodestablishmentwillswitch1.2workersfromcounter

servicetoothertasksasremoteordertaking,deliverybyroboticapplicationsgrow,"he

wrote.(8)Heexpectsthetippingpointwillbeby2025.Theindustry,heexplained,needs

timetoeducatecustomers,butthatwillhappen,hesaid,becausethebenefitsaresimply

toostrong.Hecitedmachinescountingchange,sensors,andothertoolsmakinginventory

(库存;*青单)morepreciseandtheabilitytorelayordersdirectlytotheprepareaasa

waytodecreasewaste.It'sgoingtobeagradualchange,butifsgoingtohappen,

Mazzelawrote.(9)AchangeiscomingandFredGoff,CEOofJobcase,asocialmedia

platformhelpingworkerswithoutcollegedegreesfindmeaningfuljobs,believesworkers

shouldembraceit.Hesaidthatrobotswillperformsomejobstypicallydonebyhumans,

butthatwillalsocreateopportunityforflesh-and-bloodworkers.nConcernsabout

technologydisplacingjobshasbeenaconstantLudditethemethroughouttheInformation

Revolution,andinfactsincetheIndustrialRevolution,'hewrote.Goffexplainedinhis

emailthatinabroadsensetechnologytendstocreatemoreopportunitythanitdisplaces.

(10)"Itisnottobefeared,butitmustbemanaged,"hewrote."Thechallenge—and

opportunity—forworkersisforpeopletotakecontroloftheirownwork-lifeand

navigatethepositiveimpactssothattheyaren'toverwhelmedbythenegativeimpactsof

technologicalprogress.Keepopentochangeandkeepmovingforward."

18、Theauthorsuggeststhatautomationwillhumanworkforce.

A、substitute

B、harass

C、surpass

D、reforge

标准答案:D

知识点解析:推断题。本题的解答需综合文章第三段之后各段的主要信息。关于自

动化对人力资源的影响,作者从第三段起提出讨论,并在随后各段引用了相关专家

的观点。由第四段可知,自动化不会消除对人力的需求,第五段指出它未必会危害

到人类雇员,但是从第三段和第七段中都可看出自动化会让人类工人转岗,工作性

质发生变化,文章最后一段也提出工人们要学会应对变化并不断进步。可见,自动

化对人力资源的性质和结构有重塑的作用,故D为答案。第五段第一句明确说明

自动化不一定会危害到人类工人,故排除B;第四段和第九段都提到自动化不会取

代人工,故A与原文不符,也应排除;至于自动化会超越人类,这个说法只是作

者用于引入话题的调侃,对两者关系的论述并没有提到这一点,故排除C。

19、AccordingtoCarone,restaurantsthatmaybepioneersinthepathto

automation.

A、havenewwaystoeducatecustomers

B、providevaluedserviceforcustomers

C^don'iexpectregularcustomers

D、wishtogreatlyreducelaborcosts

标准答案:C

知识点露析:推断题。眼据题干中的人名关键词Carone定位至文章第五段和第六

段。在第六段中,卡罗内说处于机场等类似场所的餐厅会更倾向于发展自动化技

术,因为速度是它们最需要追求的。而这类餐厅的客户特点是“非情愿”,即由于时

间和可选范围的限制不得已登门光顾,最多只有品牌忠诚度,而对某个特定的营业

点没有特定喜好,很难成为“回头客”,故C为答案。相关段落没有提到是否有办

法教育消费者的问题,故排除A;B是对原文第六段最后一句的曲解.,原文的意思

是客户最注重的就是速度,一定要快,故排除;降低人工成本是每一个使用自动化

的餐厅共同的目的之一,不能说明哪类餐厅会更青睐于使用自动化,故排除D。

20、Attheendofthepassage,Goffurgedtheworkerstodothefollowing

EXCEPT.

A^toeliminateunnecessaryanxiety

B>toredesigntheircareers

C、tolearntoharnesstherobots

D^toadapttothesituation

标准答案:C

知识点露斤:细节题。根据题干提示定位至文章最后一段。该段引用了一个人力资

源网站首席执行它戈夫的话,他对工人们提出了一些建议,这包括第一句中的“不

必要担心”、第二句中提到的“控制自己的职业生涯”和最后一句中提到的“随时准

备应对变化“。可见,A、B和D都是戈夫敦促工人们做的事情,均应排除。而戈

夫要求工人们学会驾驭的不是机器人,而是自动化带来的正面影响,故C与原文

不符,为本题答案。

三、简答题(本题共5题,每题分,共5分。)

PassageOne

21、Howcanwedescribethoseanimalsengagedinhardwork?

标准答案:Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsibleandunited.

知识点解析:语义题。原文对于劳动场面的描写主要集中在第二段和第三段。每一

个动物都尽心尽力。各尽其职,连小动物都很负责任地把田里的草梗一根不漏地捡

回来。动物们克服了很多困难,获得了前所未有的大丰收,他们过得十分幸福,且

没有偷吃的,能够做到颗粒归公,故答案为“Enthusiastic,cheerful,responsible

andunited.”。

22、WhattypeofpeopleinhumansocietymayMollieandthecatsymbolize?

标准答案:Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthemoment./Thosewhoare

opportunistic.

知识点解析:推断题。由题干关键词Mollieandthecat定位到原文最后一段第五句

至第九句。定位句指出,茉莉不肯按时起床,有些偷懒,并且还使用心计,说有石

头夹在蹄子里,于是提前下工;而猫则会在有拈儿要干的时候失踪,泡儿一千完,

她就若无其事地回来了,并且会为自己的行为找到适当的借口。这样的表现即影射

人类社会中那些投机取巧的人,故答案为“Thosewhoalwaystakeadvantageofthe

moment.”或“Thosewhoareopportunistic.

PassageTwo

23、Whatdoestheword"That"inPara.3referto?

标准答案:TheDewbusinessconceptofFord'sCEO.

知识点解析•:语义题。由题干提示定位到原文第三段第五句。该句提到“这引发了

一些离奇古怪的投资……”对于代词that的理解则需要回溯到前面的内容。由该段

前四句可以推知,福特首席执行官马克.菲尔茨对于整体商业模式的重新考虑和思

维模式的转变导致了福特进行一些看似奇怪的投资,故答案为“TheDewbusiness

conceptofFord'sCEO.

PassageThree

24、WhatdoesMazzelameanbysaying"thetippingpointwillbeby2025"inPara.8?

标准答案:Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywillcomeby2025.

知识点解析:细节题。由题干提示定位到原文第八段第一句。原文第七、八段引用

了非营利组织国家自动叱教育基金会革事会成员梅佐拉的观点。第七段指出自动化

正在发展的过程之中,随后说临界点将要到来,而在第八段中比较明确地说明了这

个临界点指的是餐厅能够利用自动化提高工作效率和产能。可见,这个临界点指的

是快餐业真正的自动化变革,故答案为"Realautomationinthefast-foodindustrywill

comeby2025.

25、Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

标准答案:AreRobotsTakingOverFastFoodRestaurants?

知识点解析:主旨题。解答本题需综合全文信息。文章先用小说、电影中关于机器

人占领世界的桥段作为引子,之后介绍了一些快餐业近期探索使用自动化技术的情

况,提出对自动化是否会完全取代人类工人的讨论,并在文章的后半部分大量引用

了求职、教育等不同领域多个专家的看法,阐明在快餐业,自动化一定会有深入发

展,但不会取代人类工人的论点。因此,标题可以总结为“机器人是否会占领快餐

厅?”,与开篇的风格保持一致,故答案为“ArcRobotsTakingOverFastFood

Restaurants?”。

专业英语四级(阅读)模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题(本题共70题,每题1.0分,共70分。)

(1)EdnaO'BrienhaslivedinLondonforafewdecades,butshespeaks,asshewrites,in

avoiceinflectedwiththerhythmsandaccentsofthewestofIreland,whereshegrewup.

Shecallsherself"anexile(放逐者)",likehergreatliteraryforebears,JoyceandBeckett,

whomshereveres,andpointsoutthatexiles"tendnottogoback',."TheplaceIgrewup

inismyimagery,mygeographyofmindandpen,"shesays."Buttolivethereagain..."

Uncharacteristically(II洞寻常地),sheleavesthethoughtuncompleted,preferringto

directmetothefinalsceneofhernewmemoir,CountryGirl,inwhichshemeetsan

IrishwomaninthestreetwhotellsheraboutherauntinDublinbeforeadding,"Butwe

liveherenow."O'Brienagrees-."'Wedo,'Isaid,anditwasasifthetwocountries

warredandjostledandmadefriends,insideme,likethetwohalvesofmywarringself.”

(2)Formostofthelatterhalfofherexile-some25years一O'Brienhaslivedina"book­

laden"houseinthecosmopolitandistrictofKnightsbridge,afive-minutewalkfrom

Harrods,London'smostfamousdepartmentstore.ExpensivesportscarsandSUVsline

thepavements,andtheshopsarcexclusiveboutiques,whicharcthefavoriteof

fashionableelegantladies.Mostofthehouseshavestepsleadinguptoglossyfrontdoors,

butO'Brien'sisreachedbyadarkalleythatrunstoasideentrance.Amongthemoneyed

anonymityoftheneighborhood,itfeelssetapart.Thereisaleather-boundeditionof

Shakespear

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