专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷3（共169题）

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷3（共9

套）

（共169题）

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题（本题共10题，每题1.0分，共10分。）

Americansoftensaythatthereareonlytwothingsapersoncanbesureofinlife:death

andtaxes.Americansdonothaveacorneronthe"death"market,butmanypeopleleel

thattheUnitedStatesleadstheworldwiththemosttaxes.Taxesconsistofthemoney

whichpeoplepaytosupporttheirgovernment.Therearegenerallythreelevelsof

governmentintheUnitedStates:federal,state,andcity;therefore,therearcthreetypes

oftaxes.Salariedpeoplewhoearnmorethanafewthousanddollarsmustpayacertain

percen-tageoftheirsalariestothefederalgovernment.Thepercentagevariesfrom

persontoperson.Itdependsontheirsalaries.Thefederalgovernmenthasagraduated

incometax,thatis,thepercentageofthetax（14to70percent）increasesasaperson's

incomeincreases.Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotveryhappyonApril15,

whenthefederaltaxesaredue.Thesecondtaxisforthestategovernment;NewYork,

California,NorthDakota,oranyoftheotherforty-sevenstates.Somestateshavean

incometaxsimilartothatofthefederalgovernment.Ofcourse,thepercentageforthe

statetaxislower.Otherstateshaveasalestax,whichisapercentagechargedtoanyitem

whichyoubuyinthatstate.Forexample,apersonmightwanttobuyapacketof

cigarettesfortwenty-fivecents.Ifthereisasalestaxofeightpercentinthatstate,then

thecostofthecigarettesistwenty-sevencents.Thisfigureincludesthesalestax.Some

statesuseincometaxinadditiontosalestaxtoraisetheirrevenues.Thestatetaxlawsare

diverseandconfusing.Thethirdtaxisforthecity.Thistaxcomesintwoforms:property

tax（pcoplcwhoownahomehavetopaytaxesonit）andexcisetax,whichischargedon

carsinacity.Thecitiesusethesefundsforeducation,policeandfiredepartments,public

worksandmunicipalbuildings.SinceAmericanspaysuchhightaxes,theyoftenfeelthat

theyareworkingonedayeachweekjusttopaytheirtaxes.Peoplealwayscomplain

abouttaxes.Theyoftenprotestthatthegovernmentusestheirtaxdollarsinthewrong

way.Theysaythatitspendstoomuchonuselessandimpracticalprograms.Although

Americanshavedifferentviewsonmanyissues,theytendtoagreeononesubject;taxes

aretoohigh.

1、Whatdoesthesentence"Americansdonothaveacorneronthe'death5market"in

Paragraph1mean?

A、Americanscannotmonopolizethe"death"market.

B、Americansdonothaveasecretplacetokeepfromdeathintheirlife.

C^Americansarenotgoodatdoingbusinessinthe"death"market.

D、Thereisnosuchaplaceasa"death"marketintheU.S.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutthepercentageofthefederaltaxandthe

statetax?

A^Theyhavethesamepercentage.

B、Thepercentageofthestatetaxishigherthanthatofthefederaltax.

C、Thepercentageofthefederaltaxishigherthanthatofthestatetax.

D^Itisnotmentionedinthepassage.

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、WhichofthefollowingusagesofthetaxesisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

A、Forraisingtheirrevenues.

R、Forpublicworksandmunicipalbuildings.

C>Forpoliceandfiredepartments.

D、Forsustainingdevelopment.

标准答案：D'

知识点解析：暂无解析

AccordingtotheAmericanCollegeHealthAssociation'smostrecentannualnational

survey,30percentofcollegestudentsreportedfeeling'sodepressedthatitwasdifficult

tofunction"atsometimeoverthepastyear.Nearlythreefourthsofrespondentsina

2011NationalAllianceonMentalIllnessstudyofcollegestudentsdiagnosedwithmental

healthconditionssaidtheyexperiencedamentalhealthcrisiswhileinschool.The

AmericanswithDisabilitiesAct(ADA)andotherfederaldisabilitylawsprohibit

discriminationagainststudentswhosepsychiatric(精神病的)disabilities"substantially

limitamajorlifeactivity"andmandatesthatcollegesanduniversitiesprovidethemwith

"reasonableaccommodations”—suchaslowercourseloadsandextendeddeadlines.

Despitethatveryclearlystatedlaw,dozensofcurrentstudentsacrossthecountrytold

Newsweektheywerepunishedforseekinghelp:kickedoutofcampushousingwith

nowhereelsetogo,abruptlyforcedtowithdrawfromschoolandeveninvoluntarily

committedtopsychiatricwards."Collegesareveryaccustomedtoaccommodating

learningandphysicaldisabilities,buttheydon'tunderstandsimplewaysof

accommodatingmentalhealthdisabilities,nsaysProfessorPeterLake,anexperton

highereducationlawandpolicywhoseeswidespreadfearandreluctanceacrossthe

boardto"promotediversitythatencompassesmentaldisabilitiesandmooddisorders.'*

Lakeoftentellsskepticsaboutamanwhosufferedfromclinicaldepressionand

constantlytalkedaboutsuicide:HisnamewasAbrahamLincoln."Wedon'twantto

removethesepeople,"Lakesays."Wewanttoexpandthedefinitionofdiversitytomake

surethey'reincluded."Mostlifetimecasesofmentalhealthconditionsbeginbytheage

of24,andthankstoavarietyoffactors,includingrisingantidepressanl（抗抑郁

药）prescriptionratesandstigmareductionefforts,collegestudentsaremoreandmore

likelytoaskcampuscounselorsforassistance.Thenumberofstudentsseeking

counselingfor"severe"psychologicalproblemsjumpedfrom16percentin2000to39

percentin2012;thepercentageofstudentswhoreportsuicidalthoughtshasrisenalong

withit."Schoolsshouldencouragestudentstoseektreatment.ButalotofpoliciesIsee

involveexcessiveuseofdisciplineandinvoluntaryleavesofabsence,andthey

discouragestudentsfromaskingforthehelptheyneed,nsaysKarenBower,aprivate

attorneywhospecializesindisabilitydiscriminationcasesinhighereducation.

"Ultimately,thatmakesthecampuslesssafe."Twolarge-scalestudiesfoundthataround

10percentofcollegestudentrespondentshadthoughtaboutsuicideinthepastyear,but

only1.5percentadmittedtohavingmadeasuicideattempt.Combinedwithdatafrom

otherstudies,thatsuggeststhattheoddsthatastudentwithsuicidalthoughtswillactually

commitsuicideare1,000to1.“Thus,policiesthatimposerestrictionsonstudentswho

manifestsuicidalthoughtwillsweepin999studentswhowouldnotcommitsuicidefor

everystudentwhowillendhisorherlife,"PaulS.AppelbaumwritesinLaw&

Psychiatry:"Depressed?GetOut!n"Collegesdon'twantpeoplewhoaresuicidalaround,

sowhat'ssupposedtohappentothem?"saysIraBurnim,legaldirectoroftheDC

BazclonCenterforMentalHealthLaw.HWe'regoingtolocktheminabombshelter?"

Kickingstudentsoffcampusformentalhealthissuestypicallydoesmoreharmthangood

byisolatingthemfromtheirsupportsystemswhenwhattheyreallyneedisstabilityand

empathy,hesays.Moreover,it'softenacompletelyunnecessaryoverreaclion.

4、Studentswithmentaldisabilitiesmightbepunishedinthefollowingways

EXCEPT.

A、gettingoutofcampusdorms

B、droppingoutofschools

C、stayinginpsychiatricwards

D、prolongingacademicyears

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、Increasingcollegestudentsturntoprofessionalcounselorsforhelpbecause.

A^greateffortshavebeenmadetoweakenthefeelingofdisgrace

B、itisencouragedtodecreasethedoseofmedicine

C、itismoreeconomicalforstudentswithoutincome

D^mentalhealthconditionsbecomemoreseverethanbefore

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第三段第一句可知，多亏一些因素，包括抗抑郁处方受

众率的提高及减少歧视的努力，大学生越来越愿意向咨询师寻求帮助，故选［A］,

同时排除［B］。［C］和［D］均未提及,故可排除。

6、AccordingtoParagraph5,itcanbeconcludedthat.

A^suicideshouldbetakenasthemostseriousissue

B>10%ofthestudentshavemadeasuicideattempt

C>mostofthestudentswithsuicidalthoughtwillneverdoit

D^schoolsshouldimposesevererestrictionsonthesuicideissue

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推理题。第五段第二句提到，与其他的研究数据结合起来看，这一差

距说明，在有过自杀想法的人中，只有千分之一的人最终自杀了，故选［0。［A］在

文中并未提及，故排除；根据第五段第一句可知，有大约10%的大学生受访者曾

想过自杀，同时，仅有1.5%的人坦然承认曾有过自杀的尝试，故排除［B］；［D］在

文中并未提及，故排除。

ConservativecommentatorCharlesKrauthammer'snewbookisflyingofftheshelves

andnobodyknowsexactlywhy.SittingatoptheNewYorkTimesnonfictionbestseller

listfortwomonthsnow,theconservativeWashingtonPostcolumnist'sThingsThat

Matter:ThreeDecadesofPassions,PastimesandPolitics,acollectionofhiswritings,is

notthekindoffiery,rashconservativecommentarythatgenerallyclimbstothetopofthe

bestsellers'lists.Andyet,thecollectionhassoldenoughtomakepublicistsand

pundits（时事评论员，）alikescratchtheirheads.Itis,asconservativepublisherAdam

BellowtoldNewsweek,"aphenomenon".PublishedOctober22byCrownForum,a

RandomHouseimprintthatspecializesinconservativeauthors,itfirsthittheTimes

bestsellerlistinNovember.Wiihiniwoweeks,ithadsurpassedihelatestworksof

conservativesGlennBeckandFoxNews'sBillO'ReillyandBrianKilmeadetoclimbto

No.1.Andthereitremains.ItranksNo.8onAmazon'slistofbest-sellingbooksof

2013.AccordingNielsen,thebookhassold601,000hardcovercopiesintheUnited

Statesalone.CrownsaysThingsThatMatterisinits18thprinting,with970,000copies

inprint."WasIsurprised?Iwassurprised,“saidBellow,whorunsHarperCollins's

conservativeimprintBroadsideBooks."Thecollectivewisdominpublishingisthat

anthology（选集）collectionsdon'tsell."TheKrauthammercompendium（概略）appearsto

besurfingaparticularlyviciouswave.Theconservativepublishingindustryhas

flourishedinrecentyearsandbooksbyconservativeauthorsroutinelymakethe

bestsellers*lists.ButfewbookssellasmanyasKrauthammer's,particularlyanthologies

ofpreviouslypublishedwork,"Anythingatthatlevelislargelyserendipitous,"Bellow

said.Success,itseems,begetsevenmoresuccess."Onceabookbecomesnumberoneon

thebestsellerlist,itfunctionsasaformofadvertising,"Bellowexplained."More

copiesarestockedatBarnes&Noble.Whenconsumerswalkintothestore,theyseebig

pilesofthemand,likeinsomeexperimentcreatedbyB.F.Skinner（theAmerican

psychologistwhoarguedthatfreewillisanillusion）,theyreachoutandbuyit."But

whenyougettotheheadylevelKrauthammerhasreached,itbeginstolookasifitisfar

morethanjustthemarketingmachineatwork.Andtherearcalmostasmanytheories

aboutKrauthammer'ssuccessasbookssold.Howyoufeelaboutthebook'spopularity

largelydependsonhowyouviewtheauthor.Tomany,Krauthammerisathinking

conservative,incontrasttotheblusterofthemodern-dayTeaPartyandquick-firefigures

likeRushLimbaughandGlennBeck.Tothosewhoaretryingtomakesenseoftherise

oftheconservativemovement,Krauthammer'ssuccessisatriumphfortemperate,smart

conservatism.Americansthirstyforasubtle,intellectualdebatearebuyinghisbookin

droves.

7、AdamBellowbelievesallofthefollowingstatementsEXCEPT.

A^thesuccessofThingsThatMatterisaphenomenon

B、thesuccessofThingsThatMatterissurprising

C、anthologycollectionsdon'tsellusually

D、conservativeauthorsrarelymakethebestsellers*lists

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第七段第二句可知，近几年，保守派出版市场变得繁荣

起来，保守派作家的书时常登上畅销书榜单，所以［D］”保守派作者的作品鲜少登上

畅销榜单''的表述错误，而且这也不是贝娄的观点，故选［D］。根据第三段可知，贝

娄称该文集的畅销已经成为一种现象，故排除［A|；根据第六段首句可知，贝娄对

于文集的畅销感到惊讶，故排除［B］；根据第六段最后一句可知，贝娄认为，出版

界的集体经验是，文集的销路不会太好，故排除［C］。

8、ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph9that.

successiscloselyrelatedtoadvertising

B、beingthebestselleritselfcandrawpublicattention

C、Barnes&Nobleisapublishinghouse

D、consumersbuybooksaccordingtoB.F.Skinner'sadvice

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推理题。根据第九段第二句可知，贝娄解释到：当这本书成为最畅销

的作品时，这一事实如同广告的效果一样。可以推知，成为畅销书这一事实本身就

可以引发关注，故选|B］。［A］“成功与广告有着密切的关系”，文中没有提及，故排

除；根据第九段后半部分可知，Barnes&Noble是一家书店，排除［C］：［D］”消费者

买书时依据B.F.斯金纳的实验结果”，文中未提及，故排除。

Thecoldisbadenough,butwinter'sshorterdaysmaketheseasonadowner,tosaythe

least.Buthowrealisseasonalaffectivedisordcr(knownasSAD)?SADisoftenacaich-

alltermtodescribethewinterdumps,butexpertssayit'softenmisusedandthecondition

isactuallylesscommonthanpeoplethink."Therearealotofmyths.SADisnotamyth.

Itisamentaldisorderthatisincompletelyunderstoodandalsosomethingthatis

complicatedbyquestionsabouttheroleofevolutionarybiology,nsaysDr.Jeffrey

Lieberman,thepresidentoftheAmericanPsychiatricAssociation.Thatdiagnosisis

differentfromthelowsthatmanyfeelduringthewintermonths.Infact,researchshows

manypeopleoverestimatetheimpactofseasonsontheirmoodsingeneral.Whereisthe

linebetweenSADandthesimpledoldrums?Howmuchwintersadnessistheproductof

amood-baseddisorder,andhowmuchisanaturaloutcomeofbeingcoopedupindoors?

SADisconsideredasubtypeofamooddisorderlikedepressionorbipolardisorder(躁郁

症),soaverysmallpercentageareactuallydiagnosedwithit.Inordertomeetthe

qualificationsforaSADdiagnosis,accordingtotheMayoClinic,anindividualmustbe

showthefollowing:depressionandothersymptomsforaminimumoftwoconsecutive

yearsduringthesameseason;depression-freeperiodsfollowingepisodesofdepression;

unexplainedbehaviorandmoodchanges.Formostothercasesofseasonalmood

changes,Liebermansaysmakingsomelifestylechangessuchasexercisingorkeeping

goodsleepinghabitscanhelp."It'simportanttorealizethatjustlikepeopleonMondays

havephysicalandemotionalsymptoms,youdealwithit.Youdon'ttakeatreatmentfor

Mondays."Itonlywarrantstreatmentwhenitstartstointerferewithdailylife,hesays.

Whataboutthebrightlightlampsthatclaimtorelievedepressionduringthedarker

months?They'rebasedontheideathatlighttherapycanboostmelatonin（褪黑激

素）levcls,andalsoserotonin（血清素）inthebrain——higherlevelsofserotoninbetween

nerveconnectionscanhaveanti-depressiveeffects.Butasappealingasthatsounds,

Liebermansaysthereisn'tsolidevidencebehindit."Lighttherapyisnotafake,butthe

evidenceisnotthatstrong,"hesays."Butsinceit'snotinvasive,italsoisn*tharmful^

exceptperhapstoyourbudget.HSoifyou'renotfeelingyourusualcheerfulselfthis

winter,seeyourdoctor.Ifhedoesn'tdiagnoseyouwithSAD,tryaddingsomephysical

activitytoyourdayandgettingregularsleep.Andrememberthatspringisjustafew

monthsaway.

9、WecanlearnfromthepassagethatSADis.

A、acommonconditionamongpeople

B、atermreferringtothewinterdumps

C、atermnotbeingtotallyunderstood

D^atermofevolutionarybiology

标准答案：C--

知识点解析：细节题。第二段提到，SAD是一种没有被完全理解的精神障碍，也

是被进化生物学的作用豆杂化了的问题，故选［0,同时排除［D］。根据第一段第一

句可知，SAD经常泛指冬季低谷期，但是，专家称这个概念常被错误地使用，这

种情况实际上并没有人们想象的那么普遍，故排除［A］和［B］。

10、AccordingtoParagraph5,whichofthefollowingisCORRECT?

A^Itisnecessarytolookfortreatmentwhenmoodchanges.

B、Exercisingisbeneficialtoeaseseasonalmoodchanges.

C>PeopleshouldkeepagoodmoodonMondays.

D^Seasonalmoodchangeswillnotinterferewithdailylife.

标准答案:B

知识点解析：细节题。第五段第一句提到，对于季节性情绪变化的很多其他案例来

说，尝试一些生活方式的改变也有所帮助，比如锻炼、保持良好的睡眠习惯。由此

司知，锻炼对于减轻季节性情绪变化有好处，故选［B］。根据第五段最后一句可

知，当其开始影响日常生活的时候，才需要治疗，故排除［A］：［C］和［D］文中没有

提及，故均排除。

二、简答题（本题共5题，每题1.0分，共5分。）

II、PASSAGEONE

标准答案：Complainingandprotesting.

知识点解析：从文章第三段最后一句Withthehighcostoftaxes,peoplearenotvery

happyonApril15,whenthefederaltaxesaredue.和最后一段中的Peoplealways

complainabouttaxes.Theyoftenprotestthat…可以看出，美国人常常抱怨而额税

务，并抗议政府乱花纳税人的钱，因此Complainingandprotesting为正确答案。

12、PASSAGETWO

标准答案：Itwillmakethesestudentslackthesupport.

知识点解析：最后一段遑到，艾拉・伯尼姆认为把精神健康有问题的学生踢出学校

的做法弊大于利，这就任他们隔离于可以提供支援的系统之外，他们真正需要的是

安定感和同理心。而且，这常常是一种完全没有必要的过度反应。故IIwillmake

thesestudentslackthesupport为正确答案。

PASSAGETHREE

13、Whatdoestheword"serendipitous"inParagraph8mean?

标准答案：Incidental.

知识点解析：第八段开头提到，没有几本书的销量可以和克劳特哈默的作品相媲

美，尤其是与之前的文集相比。紧接着提到，贝娄说：“这一水平的任何事物在很

大程度上”可见，serendipilous在这里应该表达“偶然的”之意，故Incidenlal为

正确答案。

14、Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsCharlesKrauthammer'snewbook?

标准答案：Neutral.

知识点解析：纵观全文可知，本篇文章讲述的是保守派作家的新书《重要事情》的

良好市场表现及其原因，但是从行文来看，作者的态度不偏不倚，比较客观，故

Neutral为正确答案。

15、PASSAGEFOUR

标准答案：Thetruthaboutseasonalaffectivedisorder.

知识点解析：本文依次讲述了SAD的基本状况、诊断依据和治疗手段，由此可

知，本文主旨是对SAD真实情况的科学普及，故Thetruthaboutseasonalaffective

disorder为正确答案。

专业英语四级（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题（本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20分。）

DuringmyfirstsevensemestersasamedicalstudentatGadjahMadaUniversityin

Yogyakarta,Indonesia,Ispentmostofmylimestudyingandinclassrooms.Irarely

spokewithrealpatientsinahospitalsetting.ThenlastyearIstartedvisitingthe

neurologywardatDr.SardjitoHospital.Iwasgatheringdataformythesis,an

assessmentoftheoralcontraceptive（避孕的）pillasariskfactorforischemicstrokes（缺

血性中风）.Thistypeofstrokeisthemostcommonanditoccursasaresultofan

obstructionwithinabloodvesselsupplyingbloodtothebrain.AtthehospitalIwould

reviewthemedicalrecordsofnewlyadmittedstrokepatients,theninterviewthemtofind

outiftheyweretakingthepill.Itwasaslowprocess.Onecold,rainyeveninglast

October,Iwasintheneurologywarddesperately"hunting"forthefinalthreepatients1

neededtocompletemystudy.Therecordsshowedthattherewasa43-year-oldstroke

patient,whomIwillcallMs.A,intheward.Holdingapatientquestionnaire,Iwalked

towardsherroom.Ididn'tseeanydoctorsornurses;thewardwasquiet.Ms.A'sroom

hadeightbeds.Ms.Awaslyingonbed,clearlystillweakasshewasstillrecovering

fromherrecentstroke.Therewerenorelativesorfriendswithher.Eventhebedbeside

herwasempty.Isatdownonachairnexttoherbed,andinalowvoiceIintroduced

myselfandaskedhowshewasdoing.Shesoftlyrepliedthatshewasgettingbetterbut

theleftsideofherbodywasstillweak.WhenItoldherthatIwantedtogathersome

additionalinformationfromher,sheagreed.Thequestionnaireconsistedofthreesimple

yes-or-noquestions.AfterIfinished,IpreparedtoleavesoIcouldgothroughmore

medicalrecords.BeforeIcouldstandup,Ms.Aspokeupinherweakvoice.Shetoldme

thatshehadthreechildreninprimaryschool,whowerestayingwithaneighbour."My

husbanddiedayearagoandI'mthesolebreadwinnerofmyfamily.Wcarcnotrichand

mypayasacleanerisexactlyenoughformeandmykids."Ididn'tknowwhattosay.

Lookingintohereyes,Idesperatelytriedtorememberthelessonsfromacommunication

skillsclassIhadtakenafewyearsearlier,butmymindwasblank.Icursedmyselffor

notpayingmoreattention.Withoutrealizingit,IhadbegunholdingMs.A'shand.SinceI

didn'thaveanythingtosay,Ijustsatquietlywhileshecalked.That'swhenitoccurredto

methatshewasnotexpectinganyreplyfromme.Shejustwantedmetolisten.

1、Accordingtothepassage,theauthor.

A^wasadoctorofDr.SardjitoHospital

B、wasreceivingstroketreatmentinahospital

C、wasgoodatdealingwithstrokepatients

D^wascollectinginformationforherpaper

标准答案：D」

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、WhichofthefollowingisCORRECTaboutMs.A9

A、Sheacceptedtheauthor'srequestofinterview.

B、Shelivedalonewithoutanyrelativesorfriends.

C^Shewasthemostseriouspatientinthehospital.

D、Shelivedwiththreeotherpatientsinoneroom.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：暂无解析

TypeDpersonality,firstdefinedinthe'90s,ischaracterizedbyfeelingsofnegativity,

depression,anxiety,stress,anger,andloneliness.TypeDpersonalitiessweatthesmall

stuffandoftenexpecttheworst.Theyhavetroublemakingfriendsandoftenhavelow

self-esteem.Theyaretense,chronicallyangry,andoverreacttostressfulsituations?(hey

alsotendtoconcealtheirfeelingsfromothersoutoffearofrejection.About20percent

ofhealthyAmericansareTypeD's,asareuptohalfofpeoplebeingtreatedforheart

problems,saysstudyauthorJohanDcnollet,apsychologistatTilburgUniversityinthe

Netherlands.Dcnollctandhiscolleaguesanalyzed49previousstudiesinvolvingmore

than6000peopleandfoundthatTypeDspellstrouble-especiallyforheartpatients,

whohadagreaterriskofdyingiftheyhadthispersonalitytype,comparedtonon-D's."It

reallyaddsweighttotheargumentthatthiscore,hostilepersonalityisaconcern—or

oughttobeaconcern—forpeoplewhohaveit,"saysBarryJacobs,aclinical

psychologistandAmericanHeartAssociationspokesman."Ifyouperceivethingsina

particularlyskewed,negativeway,yourbodywillbecomemorereactiveovertime,and

therewillbelong-termhealthconsequences."Inpreviousresearch,Dcnolletstudied

nearly300heartpatientsinacardiacrehabilitation（心脏病康复）programandfoundthat

27percentofthoseclassifiedasTypeDdiedwithineightyears（mostlyofheartattacks

andstrokes）,comparedtc7percentofthenon-D's.ThelinkbetweenTypeDpersonality

andpoorhealthoutcomesismostlikelydrivenbyitshighstresslevels,Denolletsays.

UnlikeTypeA'swhovent,TypeD's一whodon'ttendtospeakupforthemselvesor

expresstheiremotions-havenooutletfortheirstress.StresscauseshighCortisol（皮质

醉）levels,which,inturn,canelevatebloodpressureandleadtochronic,arterj^

damaginginflammation.Behaviorprobablyplaysarole,too,saysDenollet,sinceType

D'sarelesslikelytoexercise,quitsmoking,andareratherbadat"complyingwith

treatmentprograms.Andbecausethey'retypicallytenseandinsecureinsocialsituations,

TypeD'smayalsoshyawayfromseekingmedicalcareorprefernottodiscuss

worrisomesymptomswiththeirdoctors.A14-questionscaleisusedtodetermine

whetherfolkshaveTypeD.Butyoucanaskyourselfthefollowingquestions:Doyou

oftenfeelunhappy?Isyourviewoftheworldgloomy?Areyouoftenirritated,orina

badmood?Doyoumakeabigdealoutofunimportantissues?Isitdifficultforyouto

startconversations?Doyoutendtokeeppeopleatadistance?Answeringyestoseveral

mayclueyouinthatyouneedtomakesomechanges.

3、Denollet'sstudyonheartpatientswasmentionedto.

A^opposethefindingsofthe49previousstudies

B、showTypeDpersonality'sinfluenceonthem

C、indicatethenecessityforclinicalpsychologists

D^showtheTypeD'sriskingettingheartproblems

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、WhatdoesstressmeantoTypeD's?

ANAnoutletfbrtheirfeelings.

B、Moreexerciseandlesssmoking.

C^Acauseofhighbloodpressure.

D、Morediscussionswiththeirdoctors.

标推答案.C

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、WhichofthefollowingchangesisgoodforTypeD's?

A、Focussingonunimportantissues.

B>AvoidinDgseekinDgmedicalcare.

C>Learningtosmoketomakemorefriends.

D^Beingpatientforsomethingthatoffendsyou.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：暂无解析

Ayearago,monetaryunionlookedasifitwasheadingforcertaindeath,withthe

Europeanbankingsysteminapparentmeltdownandextremedivergenceinmonetary

conditionsacrossthesinglecurrencyarea.Inallbutname,monetaryunionhadalready

ceasedtoexist.ActionbytheECB(EuropeanCentralBank),firstwiththecash-for-dcbt

LongTermRefinancingOperationand,morerecently,thepromiseofunlimitedbond

purchases,hassucceededinstillingthewaters,atleasttosomedegree.EvenaGreekexit

seems,forthetimebeing,tobeoffthetable.Withmoreausterity,Berlinseemsminded

togiveGreeksanotherchance—untilthenextbail-out,inanycase.But,thoughthe

singlecurrencymayhavebeensavedfromimminentdeathontheoperatingtable,it

seemsnowtobeheadingforascarcelymoreappetisingalternative-aconditionof

chronic,long-termillnesswherestillverytightmonetaryconditionsinmanypartsofthe

eurozoneincombinationwithlockstepausteritythreatentoinduceavirtuallypermanent

stateofdepression.EvenGermanyshowseverysignofslippingbackintoeconomic

contraction.ForBritain,stillreliantasitisonsomesortofarecoveryinEuropeantrade

toseeitthroughitsownausterityprogram,therecouldscarcelybeasetofcircumstances

lesshelpfultolong-termrecoverythanthis.NewresearchbyDawnHollandand

JonathanPortesoftheNationalInstituteofEconomicandSocialResearchhasconfirmed

whathaslongbeensuspected—thatco-ordinatedfiscalconsolidationacrossmanyEU

countrieshasnotonlyhadasubstantiallylargernegativeimpactongrowththan

expected,buthasalsohadtheveryreverseconsequencetotheoneintendedbyraising

ratherthanloweringdebt-to-GDPratios.Youneedtobealittlebitcarefulwiththese

findings,whicharesomewhatself-serving.UnderJonathanPortes,theNationalInstitute

haspositioneditselfverymuchonthestimulussideoftheausterity-versus-stimulus

debate.Thisisapaperthatsetsouttoprovethatthepoorgrowthperformanceofmost

EUcountries,includingtheUK,isprimarilydowntofiscalausterity.Nonetheless,the

numbercrunchingseemstoberobustenough,andit'shardtodisagreewiththepaper's

centralfindingthatfiscalmultipliersaremuchlargerthaninmorenormaltimeswhen

consolidationisconductedcollectivelyandintoconditionsofanalreadydepressed

economy.Evenso,thepapersuffersfromone,ratherglaring,omission.Whetheryouare

onthebigorsmallstatesideoftheargument,thereisnodoubtthatfiscalconsolidationis

urgentlyneededinmuchoftheeurozoneperiphery(夕卜围),andsomepartsofthecoreas

well.

6、Accordingtothepassage,actionbytheECB.

A、madetheEuropeanBankingSystemceasetoexist

B、letBerlindecidetobreakwithGreeceimmediately

C、hasapositiveeffectontheEuropeanBankingSystem

D^causedextremedivergenceacrossthesinglecurrencyarea

标准答案：C

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、AstoBritain,arecoveryinEuropeantrade.

A^threatenstoinduceastateofdepression

B、ishelpfulforitseconomicdevelopment

C、involvesaconditionoflong-termillness

D、willmakeGermanycooperatewithit

标准答案：B

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、WhichofthefollowingisanideaheldbyJonathanPortes?

A、Britain^poorgrowthperformancewasduetofiscalausterity.

B、HisfindingsarenotsuitableforthecountriesliketheUK.

C^MostEUcoun