专业英语八级模拟试卷8（共566题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷8（共9套）

（共566题）

专业英语八级模拟试卷第1套

一、听力复合式听写（本题共70题，每题7.0分，共

70分。）

ClocksthroughTimeIttookhumanbeingalongtimetoinventdiversewaysfortelling

time.About3000yearsagopeoplefirstmadeacirclewithastickinthecenterofitto

[1]thepassageoftimebynoticingvariousmarksonthecircletheshadowofthestick

fellacross.Sincethesekindsofcirclesthatarecalled[2]didnotworkwithoutthesun,

menhadtofindotherwaystokeeptrackoftime,includinga[3]candleonwhicheach

stripetookaboutonehourtomelt,awaterclockwhichhadalinewithanumberbesideit

foreveryhourandan[4]whichfollowedtheinventionofglassblowing.Thefirst

clockwithafaceandanhourhandwasinventedabout600yearsagoforfewpeople.

Withthegradually[5]useofclocks,theywerebeautifully[6],thoughtheycouldnot

keepcorrecttime.Scarcelyhadclocksbeenmadesmallenoughtobecarriedwhen

watchescameintouse.Asthebeginningofthestyleof"grandfatherclocks,Hwhichwere

enclosedintallwoodenboxes,the[7]clockwasmadein1657.In1700,therewere

clockswithrninnreandsecondhands.About200yearslater,aclockiscommonlyusedin

everyhouseandawatchisalmostusedbyevery[8]gentleman.Anewlycreatedclock

thatshowsthetimeexactlyisso-called[9]clock.Nowadayssuchaclockhasmore

andmorecomplicatedfunctions.[10]asclocksandwatchesare,timemeansdifferent

thingstodifferentnations.

1、

标准答案：measure

知识点解析：暂无解析

2、

标准答案:sundial

知识点解析：暂无解析

3、

标准答案:striped

知识点解析：暂无解析

4、

标准答案：hourglass

知识点解析：暂无解析

5、

标准答案：popular

知识点解析：暂无解析

6、

标准答案：decorated

知识点解析：暂无解析

7、

标准答案：pendulum

知识点解析：暂无解析

8、

标准答案：well-dressed

知识点解析：暂无解析

9、

标准答案：digital/electric

知识点解析：暂无解析

10、

标准答案：Important

知识点解析：暂无解析

二、听力对话组题（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5

分。）

Whatarcthespeakersmainlydiscussing?

11>Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?

A、Membershipsinafoodco-up.

B、Thebenefitsofhealthfood.

C、Shoppinginthesupermarket.

D、Thecurrentcostoftoo

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在对话中反复出现“co-up”这个词，而且A提出的问题也多半与co・up

有关，如“Howdoyouandyourhousematesliketheco-up?”"Whatdomembershave

todo?”“Justtopayamembershipfee?”从这几句话不难判断答案A是正确选择。

12、Whatchangedoesthewomansuggesttheco-upmake?

A、Loweringitsprices.

B、Sellingmorehouseholdnecessities.

C、Changingitsmembershiprules.

D、Openingupmorecheckoutlines.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：女生B在向A同学介绍co-up情况时提到“Theco-updoesn'tcarry

everything.Sowestillwindupgoingtothesupermarkettoofbrcleaningsupplies,

batteries,thatsortofthing.”其中谈到的cleaningsuppliers等都是日常所需用品,因此

说明co-up在这些物品方面比较缺乏。因此应选B。

Whatisonethingthemembersoftheco-upmustdo?

A^Avoidjunkfood.

B、Attendmonthlymeetings.

C、Ruycleaningsuppliesattheco-up.

D、Workattheco-up.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：文中提到会员义务有几点：交会费，出席会议和定期在co-up里工

作，在答案中只涉及到后两项。文中提到会议时说“attendanceisn'trequired”而工作

必须参加，因此选D。

14、Whymightthemanjointheco-up?

A、Tosavemoneyonfood.

B、Tobuyfoodwithoutadditives.

C>Todoallhisshoppinginoneplace.

D、Tomeetotherhealth-consciouspeopl

标准答案：B

知识点解析：听力材料中男同学问女同学co-up内出售的食品是否有添加剂，并表

示这一点是决定他是否加入co-up的主要原因，因比可以看出他对健康食品是很关

注的，因此应选B。

15、What'stheadvantagefbrthepeoplewhojointheco-upfor6monthperiod?

A、Themembershipfeeislower.

B、Theycanhelpchoosedieproductsdialwillbesold.

C^Theymayattendfewermeetings.

D^Theymaygototheco-upmoretimesperweek.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：在听力材料中A讲道“Asixmonthmembershipcostsasmuchas5

individualmonths”说明半年的会费权相当于5个月的会费，也就是说其中包含的优

惠条件就是费用较低。

三、听力新闻（本题共5题，每题7.0分，共5分。）

willreplacetobecomechiefExecutiveofManchesterPIC.

16、willreplacetobecomechiefExecutiveofManchesterPIC.

AxMartinEdwards,PeterKenyon

B、PeterKenyon,MartinEdwards

C、MartinKenyon,PeterEdwards

D、PeterEdwards,MartinKenyon

标准答案：B

知识点解析：马丁・爱德华兹下台后，彼德・肯扬是其继任，只要抓住这两个信息

点，便很容易找到问题的正确答案B。

17、Edwardshadbeenexpectedtoleave.

A、onAugust1,2000

B、onJuly14,2000

C^inSeptember,2000

D、inSeptember,2001

标准答案：A

知识点解析：几个相关三期发生的事件分别是：2（X）（）年8月1日，爱德华兹将要

离任；2000年9月为原定爱德华兹的离任时间；2000年7月14日为该俱乐部在网

上发表声明时间；而2001年9月尚未提及。故根据题意，答案应选A。

EMIis.

18、EMIis.

A、theworld'sfirstmajormusiccompany

B、theworld'sthirdlargestrecordcompany

C、theworld'slargestOE-linemusicprovider

D、theworld'slargestsoftwarecompany

标准答案：B-

知识点解析：本题的几个选项均有一定迷惑性，若对所给信息理解有误极易造成错

选。A项（EMI为世界最大的音乐公司）似乎与材料中某些内容相符，但实际大有出

入，试与原听力材料比较：EMI于周二成为第一家在网上大量发售其唱片的大音

乐公司。选项c（世界上最大的在线音乐供应商）及D（世界上最大的软件公司）文中均

未提及，因此只有B（世界上第三大录音公司）与原交内容相符，为正确答案。

19、EMI'sdownloadingtrialwasbetween.

A、therecordingindustryandon-linerecordcompanies

B、therecordingindustryanddownloading-programoperators

C、EMIandon-linemusicproviders

D、EMIandMP3

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据所供信息可知这场官司是在“这家录音公司(Iherecordingindustry)

和诸如MP3等在线音乐供应商之间展开的，而此处，这家录音公司”正是EMI。因

此A、B均与原听力材料内容不符，而D中只提到一家在线音乐供应商，犯了以

偏概全的错误，因此正确答案为C。

20>ThepopularMP3technology.

A、allowsfanstocopysongsonceortwice

allowsconsumerstoturnthesongtoaCDthreetimes

C^allowsconsumerstosendthesongtoaportabledevicetwice

D、isacompressionformatthatturnsmusiconcompactdiscsintosmallcomputerfiles

标准答案：D

知识点解析•：解答该题的关键在于比较选项中的细节与原听力材料的差异。A项将

原听力材料中的“againandagain"偷换成“onceortwice“；B项将"twice"偷换成"three

times”；C项将“ihreetimes”偷换成“twice”，因此均不正确，只有D为正确答案。

四、常规阅读理解(本题共20题，每题1.0分，共20

分。)

I'mMargeryHooper,yourcoursecoordinator,I'dliketowelcomeyoualltoGrange

ManorSummerMusicSchool.Ihopeyou'11enjoyyourlifehere.Ifyouhaveanything

unclear,don'thesitatetoask.Asyouknow,wearerunningthree-weeklycourses

currentlythisyear:HistoryofMusic,PrincipleTutorprofessorHepworth;Choral

Singing,conductedbyArchibaldBlakefromtheRoyalInstituteofMusic;and,lastbut

notleast,anewdepartureforus,classicalGuitarforBeginners,TutorCliveMortimer.

Nowyouallknow-atleastIhopeyoudowhatcourseyouareregisteredfor.Assoonas

you'vehadtea,we'dlikeyoutoreporttooursecretary,MissMathews-you'llfindherin

theofficeonthefirstfloor.She'llgiveyouyourcoursenumberandtimetableandexplain

wherethevariousclassroomsare,whatbooksyou'llneed,andwhethertheyareavailable

inthelibrary.Besides,she'llgiveyoudetailedinformationabouthowyouarescored.If

booksarenotavailableinthelibrary,youcantryinthebookstore.Ourbookstoreisnext

tothereceptioninthemainhall.It'sopenfrom9to10a.m.daily.Nowaboutmeals-

breakfast8:30to9a.m.,fulleveningmeal6:30to8:30p.m.inthediningroom.I'm

afraidyouhavetomakeyourownarrangementsaboutlunch,butthecafeteriainthe

canteenisopenfrom10to4forsandwichesandcoffee.Classesfinishat5.Ifyoulookat

thenoticeboardinthemainhall,you'llseethatwehavearrangedavarietyofevening

entertainmentsforyou,andSaturdayexcursions.Anyonewhowantstogoonan

excursionshouldinformthesecretaryassoonaspossibleasthecoachcompanyneedto

knownumbers.Ihopeyou'llallhaveaveryenjoyabletime,andmakealotofnew

friends.

21、MargeryHooperis.

A、alamusicconference

onaholidaycourse

C、ataholidayresort

D、onatrainingcourse

标准答案：B

知识点解析：解答该题的关键在于通过已知信息进行简单的推理判断，因为题目所

列的四个选项均未直接提及。根据Mr.Hooper的一句话“WelcomeyoualltoManor

SummerMusicSchool”及其后的内容可推断这是一次在暑期班开课前的讲话，改正

确答案为B。

22、isNOTrunintheSummerMusicSchool.

A、MusicHistory

B、Chorus

C、ElementaryGuitarcourse

D^ClassicMusic

标准答案：D

知识点解析：根据Mr.Hooper所讲，该校要开设的课程包括音乐史、合唱和吉它

课，因此可排除A、B、C,正确答案为D。

23、Theguitarcourse.

A、willnotbeheldatGrangeManor

willinvolvesometravelling

C、isaninnovationatGrangeManor

D、willlastlessthanthreeweeks

标准答案：C

知识点解析：根据文章内容可知“经典吉它入门''这一课程是“newdeparture”即新开

课，选项C与之相符，因此很容易找到答案。

24>Studentsrequiringcoursematerialsshould.

A、buythemfromthesecretary

B、buytheminthemainhall

C>registerwiththesecretary

D、gotothebookstoreafter10a.m.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：此题要进行简单的推理判断。根据讲话内容学生要想得到课程所需资

料途径有二：一是去图书馆借，二是去书店买，而书店就在大厅内(inthemain

hall),因此B为正确答案。

25、Studentswishingtogoonexcursionsarerequestedto.

A、bookingoodtime

producetheircoursenumber

C^bookthecoachdirect

D、notethecoachnumber

标准答案：A

知识点解析：根据已知信息稍加推理便可找到正确答案。文章中提到“想要进行短

途旅行的人要尽快告知秘书，因为汽车公司要统计人数”，意为及时订票，因此正

确答案为A。

FamilyMattersThismonthSingaporepassedabillthatwouldgivelegalteethtothe

moralobligationtosupportone'sparents.CalledtheMaintenanceofParentsBill,it

receivedthebackingoftheSingaporeGovernment.Thatdoesnotmeanithasn*t

generateddiscussion.SeveralmembersoftheParliamentopposedthemeasureasun-

Asian.Otherswhoacknowledgedtheproblemoftheelderlypoorbelievedita

disproportionateresponse.Stillothersbelieveitwillsubvertrelationswithinthefamily;

cynicsdubbeditthe"SueYourSon"law.Thosewhosaythatthebilldoesnotpromote

filialresponsibility,ofcourse,areright.Ithasnothingtodowithfilialresponsibility.It

kicksinwherefilialresponsibilityfails.Thelawcannotlegislatefilialresponsibilityany

morethanitcanlegislatelove.Allthelawcandoistoprovideasafetynetwherethis

moralityprovesinsufficient.Singaporeneedsthisbillnottoreplacemorality,butto

provideincentivestoshoreitup.Likemanyotherdevelopednations,Singaporefacesthe

problemsofanincreasingproportionofpeopleover60yearsofage.Demographyis

inexorable.In1980,7.2%ofthepopulationwasinthisbracket.Bytheturnofthe

century,thatfigurewillgrowto11%.By2030,theproportionisprojectedtobe26%.

Theproblemisnotoldageperse.Itisthattheratioofeconomicallyactivepeopleto

economicallyinactivepeoplewilldecline.Butnoamountofgovernmentexhortationor

paternalismwillcompletelyeliminatetheproblemofoldpeoplewhohaveinsufficient

meanstomakeendsmeet.Somepeoplewillfallthroughtheholesinanysafetynet.

Traditionally,aperson'sinsuranceagainstpovertyinhisoldagewashisfamily.Thisis

notarevolutionaryconcept.NorisituniquelyAsian.Careandsupportforone'sparents

isauniversalvaluesharedbyallcivilizedsocieties.TheprobleminSingaporeisthatthe

moralobligationtolookafterone'sparentsisunenforceable.Afathercanbecompelled

bylawtomaintainhischildren.Ahusbandcanbeforcedtosupporthiswife.But,until

now,asonordaughterhadnolegalobligationtosupporthisorherparents.In1989,an

AdvisoryCouncilwassetuptolookintotheproblemsoftheaged.Itsreportstatedwitha

tingeofcomplacencythat95%ofthosewhodidnothavetheirownincomewere

receivingcashcontributionsfromrelations.Butwhatofthe5%whoaren'tgetting

relatives'support?Theyhaveseveraloptions:(a)getajobandworkuntiltheydie;(b)

applyforpublicassistance(youhavetobedestitutetoapply);or(c)starvequietly.None

oftheseoptionsissociallyacceptable.Andwhatifthis5%figuregrows,asitislikelyto

do,associetyages?TheMaintenanceofParentsBillwasputforthtoencouragethe

traditionalvirtuesthathavesofarkeptAsiannationsfromsomeofthebreakdowns

encounteredinotheraffluentsocieties.Thislegislationwillallowapersontoapplytothe

courtformaintenancefromanyorallofhischildren.Thecourtwouldhavethediscretion

torefusetomakeanorderifitisunjust.Thosewhoderidetheproposalforopeningup

thecourtstofamilylawsuitsmixesthepoint.Onlyinextremecaseswouldanyparent

takehischildtocourt.Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebill'seffectwouldbefarmore

subtle.First,itwillreaffirmthenotionthatitiseachindividual's-notsociety's-

responsibilitytolookafterhisparents.Singaporeisstillconservativeenoughthatmost

peoplewillnotobjecttothisidea.Itreinforcesthetraditionalvaluesanditdoesn'thurta

societynowandthentoreminditselfofitscorevalues.Second,andmoreimportant,it

willmakethosewhoareinclinedtoshirktheirresponsibilitiesthinktwice.Untilnow,ifa

personaskedfamilyelders,clergymenortheMinistryofCommunityDevelopmentto

helpgetfinancialsupportfromhischildren,themosttheycoulddowastomediate.But

mediatorshavenoteeth,andachildcouldsimplyignoretheirpleas.Buttobesuedby

one'sparentswouldbeamassivelossofface.Itwouldbeapublicdisgrace.Fewpeople

wouldbesothick-skinnedastosay,"Sueandbedamned'.Thehandoftheconciliator

wouldbeimmeasurablystrengthened.Itisfarmorelikelythatsomesortofamicable

settlementwouldbereachediftherecalcitrantsonordaughterknowsthatthealternative

isapublictrial.ItwouldbenicetothinkthatSingaporedoesn'tneedthiskindoflaw.But

thatbeliefignoresthecleardemographictrendsandtheeffectofaffluenceitselfon

traditionalbonds.Thoseofuswhopushedforthebillwillconsiderourselvesmost

successfulifitactsasanincentivenottohaveitinvokedinthefirstplace.

26、Byquotingthegrowingpercentagepointsoftheagedinthepopulation,theauthor

seemstoimplythat.

A、thecountrywillfacemountingproblemsoftheoldinfuture.

B、thesocialwelfaresystemwouldbeundergreatpressure.

C、youngpeopleshouldbegivenmoremoraleducation.

D^theoldshouldbeprovidedwithmeansoflivelihoo

标准答案：A

知识点解析：随着人口的老龄化，老人的赡养问题也更突出。

27^WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECT?

ANFilialresponsibilityinSingaporeisenforcedbylaw.

B、Fathershavelegalobligationstolookaftertheirchildren.

C>Itisanacceptablepracticefortheoldtocontinueworking.

D、TheAdvisoryCouncilwasdissatisfiedwiththeproblemsoftheol

标准答案：B

知识点解析：由原文可知。“Afathercallbecompelledbylawtomaintainhis

children.''

28、Theauthorseemstosuggestthattraditionalvalues.

A^playaninsignificantroleinsolvingsocialproblems.

B、arehelpfultotheelderlywhentheysuetheirchildren.

C、areveryimportantinpreservingAsianuniqueness.

D^aresignificantinhelpingtheBillgetapprove

标准答案：C

知识点解析：作者明显从亚洲传统个性与价值观之间的关系进行比较说明。

29、TheauthorthinksthatiftheBillbecomeslaw,itseffectwouldbe.

A、indirect.

B>unnoticeable.

C、apparent.

D、straightforwar

标准答案：A

知识点解析:原文中有：Ifitdoesindeedbecomelaw,thebillseffectwouldbefar

moresubtle,“subtle”的同义语即indirect.

30、Attheendofthepassage,theauthorseemstoimplythatsuccessoftheBilldepends

upon.

A、strictenforcement.

B、publicsupport.

C^governmentassurance.

D、filialawareness.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：从最后一段可知，关键是提高大家的孝敬父母的自觉性。

Althoughthedistributionofrecordedmusicwentdigitalwiththeintroductionofthe

compactdiscintheearly1980s,technologyhashadalargeimpactonthewaymusicis

madeandrecordedaswell.Atthemostbasiclevel,theinventionofMIDI(Musical

InstrumentDigitalInterface),alanguageenablingcomputersandsoundsynthesizersto

talktoeachother,hasgivenindividualmusicianspowerfultoolswithwhichtomake

music.MTheMIDIinterfaceenabledbasementmusiciansiogainpowerwhichhadbeen

availableonlyinexpensiverecordingstudios,"Oneexpertobserved."Itenables

synthesisofsoundsthathaveneverexistedbefore,andstorageandsubsequent

simultaneousreplayandmixingofmultiplesoundtracks.Usingamoderatelypowerful

desktopcomputerrunningamusiccompositionprogramanda'500synthesizer,any

musicallyliteratepersoncanwrite—andplay!-astringquartetinanafternoon."

Whereasmanymusiciansusecomputersasatoolincomposingorproducingmusic,Tod

Machoverusescomputerstodesigntheinstrumentsandenvironmentsthatproducehis

music.AsaprofessorofmusicandmediaattheMITMediaLab,Machoverhas

pioneeredhyper-instruments:hybridsofcomputersandmusicalinstrumentsthatallow

userstocreatesoundssimplybyraisingtheirhands,pointingwitha"virtualbaton,"or

movingtheirentirebodyina"sensorchair.HSimilarworkona"virtualorchestra"is

beingdonebyGeoffreyWright,headofthecomputermusicprogramatJohnHopkins

University'sPeabodyConservatoryofMusicinBaltimore,Maryland.Wrightuses

conductors'batonsthatemitinfraredlightbeamstogeneratedataaboutthespeedand

directionofthebatons,datathatcanthenbetranslatedbycomputersintoinstructionsfor

asynthesizertoproducemusic.InMachover'sbest-knownmusicalwork,BrainOpera

(1996),125peopleinteractwitheachotherandagroupofhyper-instrumentstoproduce

soundsthatcanbeblendedintoamusicalperformance.Thefinaloperaisassembled

fromthesesoundfragments,materialcontributedbypeopleontheWeb,andMachover's

ownmusic.Machoversaysheismotivatedtogivepeople"anactive,directly

participatoryrelationshipwithmusic."Morerecently,Machoverhelpeddesignthe

MeteoriteMuseum,aremarkableundergroundmuseumthatopenedinJune1998in

Essen,Germany.Visitorsapproachthemuseumthroughaglassatrium,openan

enormousdoor,enteracave,andthendescendbyrampsintovariousmultimediarooms.

Machovercomposedthemusicanddesignedmanyoftheinteractionsfortheserooms.In

theTransflowRoom,theundulatingwallsarecoveredwith100rubberpadsshapedlike

diamonds."Byhittingthepadsyoucanmakeandshapeasoundandimagesintheroom.

BrainOperawasanensembleofindividualinstruments,whiletheTransflowRoomisa

singleinstrumentplayedby40people.Theroomblendsthereactionsandimagesofthe

group."Machover'sprojectsatMITincludeMusicToysandToysofTomorrow,which

arecreatingdevicesthathehopeswilleventuallymakeaToySymphonypossible.

Machoverdescribesoneofthetoysasanembroideredballthesizeofasmallpumpkin

withridgesontheoutsideandminiaturespeakersinside."We'verecentlyfiguredouthow

tosenddigitalinformationthroughfabricorthread,"hesaid."Sothebasicideaisto

squeezetheballandwhereyousqueezeandwhereyouplaceyourfingerswillaffectthe

soundproduced.Youcanalsochangethepitchtohighorlow,orharmonizewithother

balls."Computermusichasalongwaytogobeforeitwinsmassacceptance,however.

MartinGoldsmith,hostofNationalPublicRadio'sPerformanceToday,explainswhy:"I

thinkthatareasonagreatmovingpieceofcomputermusichasn'tbeenwrittenyetisthat

—inthisinstance-thetechnologystandsbetweenthecreatorandthereceptorand

preventsarealhumanconnection,"Goldsmithsaid.HA11thatwouldchangeinaninstant

ifaveryaccomplishedcomposer—aSteveReichorJohnCoriglianoorHenrykGorecki

—weretowriteagreatpieceofcomputermusic,butscfarthathasn'thappened.Nobody

hasreallysteppedforwardtomakeawiderangeoflistenerssay,'Wow,whataterrilie

instrumentthatcomputerisformakingmusic!*"

31、Accordingtooneexpert,MIDI.

A、makesilpossibleforanyonetowritemusic.

isonlyavailableinexpensiverecordingstudios.

C>requireshigh-endcomputersandprogrammingskills.

D、providescheap,powerfulwaysofmakingmusi

标准答案：D

知识点解析：TheMIXDIinterfaceenabledbasementmusicianstogainpowerwhich

hadbeenavailableonlyinexpensiverecordingstudios,“由此原文可知。

32、Machover'sexperimentsondigitalmusicarefbrthefollowingpurposesEXCEPT

A、creationofnewtypesofmusicalinstruments.

B、participationofpeopleinmakingmusic.

C、improvementofcurrentcomputertechnology.

D、convenienceinmakinguniquemusi

标准答案：C

知识点解析：其目的全在音乐。电脑只是手段，并不是目的。

33、Inthesentence"Usingamoderatelypowerfuldesktopcomputerrunningamusic

compositionprogramanda'500synthesizer"(paragraph2),theword"moderately"has

themeaningof.

A、properly

B、slightly

C、less

D、alittle

标准答案：A

知识点解析：考察mediate近义词。

34、MartinGoldsmithbelievesthatcomputermusichasnotyetbeenwidelyaccepted

because.

A、thetechnologypreventscomposersfromcontactingtheirlisteners.

B、nogreatmusichasyetbeencreatedthroughcomputertechnology.

C、famouscomposersrefusetousethenewtechnologytomakemusic.

D^computerisnoiaterrificinstrumentformakingmusicalworks.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：Allthatwouldchangeinaninstantifaveryaccomplishedcomposer-a

SteveReichorJohnCoriglianoorHenrykGoreckiWeretowriteagreatpieceof

computermusic,butsofarthathasn'thappened.与B同义。

35、Inthesentence"Visitorsapproachthemuseumthroughaglassatrium,openan

enormousdoor,enteracave"(paragraph6),theword"atrium"hastheChinesemeaning

of.

A、门

B、中庭

C、墙

D、通道

标准答案：B

知识点解析：考察词的意思。

PackagingItissaidthatthepublicandCongressionalconcernaboutdeceptivepackaging

rumpusstartedbecauseSenatorHartdiscoveredthattheboxesofcerealsconsumedby

him,Mrs.Hart,andtheirchildrenwerebecominghigherandnarrower,withadeclineof

netweightfrom12to10.5ounces,withoutanyreductioninprice.Therewerestilltwelve

biscuits,buttheyhadbeenreducedinsize.Later,thesenatorrightlycomplainedofa

store-boughtpieinahandsomelyillustratedboxthatpictured,inasingleslice,almost

asmanycherriesastherewereinthewholepie.Themanufacturerwhoincreasestheunit

priceofhisproductbychanginghispackagesizetolowerthequantitydeliveredcan,

withoutunduehardship,puthisproductintoboxes,bags,andtinsthatwillcontaineven4

-ounce,8-ounce,one-pound,andtwo-poundquantitiesofbreakfastfoods,cake

mixes,etc.Astudyofdrugstoreandsupermarketshelveswillconvinceanyobserverthat

allpossiblesizesandshapesofboxes,jars,bottles,andtinsareinuseatthesametime

and,asthepackagejournalsshow,weekbyweek,thereisneveranyhesitationin

introducinganewsizeandshapeofboxorbottlewhenilaidsinproductdifferentiation.

Theproducersofpackagedproductsarguestronglyagainstchangingsizesofpackagesto

containevenweightsandvolumes,butnooneinthetradecommentsunfavorablyonthe

hugecostsincurredbyendlesschangesofpackagesizes,materials,shape,artwork,and

netweightsthatareusedforimprovingaproduct'smarketposition.Whenapackaging

expertexplainedthathewasabletomultiplythepriceofhardsweetsby2.5,from1

dollarto250dollarsbychangingtoafancyjar,orthathehadmadea5-ouncebottle

lookasthoughitheld8ounces,hewasineffecttellingthepublicthatpackagingcanbea

veryexpensiveluxury.Itevidentlydocscomehigh,whenanaveragefamilypaysabout

200dollarsayearforbottles,cans,boxes,jars,andothercontainers,mostofwhichcan't

beusedforanythingbutstuffingthegarbagecan.

36Consumersareconcernedaboutthechangesinthepackagesize,mainlybecause

A、thisentailsanincreaseinthecostofpackaging

B、theyhavetopayforthecostofchangingpackagesizes

C>theunitpriceforaproductoftenrisesasaresult

D、theyhatetoseeanychangesinthingstheyarefamiliarwith

标准答案：C

知识点解析：文章全篇谈论的都是包装上的欺骗行为，包装的大小、设计，其耗费

全都转移到消费者身上。因而消费者关心包装的变化，包装一变，产品单价也就

变了。这一点在文章第二章的开头有明显提示。故选C。

37NTheauthoriscriticalmainlyof.

A、inferiorpackaging

thechangesinpackagesize

C>exaggeratedillustrationsonpackages

D、dishonestpackaging

标准答案：D--

知识点解析：A、B、C所列各项都只是包装上的表面现象，从根本上讲，作者反

对的是欺骗性的包装。故应选D。

TheEconomicSituationofJapaninthe18thCenturyIntheeighteenthcentury,Japan's

feudaloverlords,fromtheshoguntothehumblestsamurai,foundthemselvesunder

financialstress.Inpart,thisstresscanbeattributedtotheoverlords*failuretoadjusttoa

rapidlyexpandingeconomy,butthestresswasalsoduetofactorsbeyondtheoverlords'

control.Concentrationofthesamuraiincastlctownshadactedasastimulustotrade.

Commercialefficiency,inturn,hadputtemptationsinthewayofbuyers.Sincemost

samurihadbeenreducedtoidlenessbyyearsofpeace,encouragedtoengagein

scholarshipandmartialexercisesortoperformadministrativetasksthattooklittletime,it

isnotsurprisingthattheirtastesandhabitsgrewexpensive.Overlords'income,despite

theincreaseinriceproductionamongtheirtenantfarmers,failedtokeeppacewiththeir

expenses.Althoughshortfallsinoverlords'incomeresultedalmostasmuchfromlaxity

amongtheirtaxcollectors(thenearlyinvitableoutcomeofhereditaryofficeholding)as

fromtheirhigherstandardsofliving,amisfortunelikeafireorflood,bringingan

increaseinexpensesoradropinrevenue,couldputadomainindebttothecityrice-

brokerswhohandleditsfinances.Onceindebt,neithertheindividualsamurainorthe

shogunhimselffounditeasytorecover.Itwasdifficultforindividualsamuraioverloads

toincreasetheirincomebecausetheamountofricethatfarmerscouldbemadetopayin

taxeswasnotunlimited,andsincetheincomeofJapanscentralgovernmentconsistedin

partoftaxescollectedbytheshogunfromhishugedomain,thegovernmenttoowas

constrained.Therefore,theTokugawashogunsbegantolooktoothersourcesfor

revenue.Cashprofitsfromgovernment-ownedmineswerealreadyonthedecline

becausethemosteasilyworkeddepositsofsilverandgoldhadbeenexhausted,although

debasementofthecoinagehadcompensatedfortheloss.Openingupnewfarmlandwasa

possibility,butmostofwhatwassuitablehadalreadybeenexploitedandfurther

reclamationwastechnicallyunfeasible.Directtaxationofthesamuraithemselveswould

bepoliticallydangerous.Thislefttheshogunsonlycommerceasapotentialsourceof

governmentincome.Mostofthecountry'swealth,orsoitseemed,wasfindingitsway

intothehandsofcitymerchants.Itappearedreasonablethattheyshouldcontributepart

ofthatrevenuetoeasetheshogun'sburdenoffinancingthestate.Ameansofobtaining

suchrevenuewassoonfoundbylevyingforcedloans,knownasgoyo-kin;although

thesewerenottaxesinthestrictsense,sincetheywereirregularintimingandarbitraryin

amount,theywerehighinyield.Unfortunately,theypushedupprice