专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷9（共193题）

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷9(共9

套)

(共193题)

专业英语八级(阅读)模拟试卷第1套

一、选择题(本题共14题，每题1.0分，共分。)

(1)Distantindeedseemthedayswhenthetwogreatrivalsofcommercialaviation,

BoeingandAirbus,wouldusebigairshowstotrumpethundredsofneworders.This

year'sParisAirShowwasamuchmoresombreaffair,eveniftheBoeing-Airbusfeud

stilltookcentrestage.(2)Therewereoneortwobrightspots.Airbuswasabletoboastof

afirmorderfortenofitswide-bodyA350sfromAirAsiaX.JohnLeahy,itstop

salesman,expectsdeliveriesin2009tomatchtherecord483in2008.Boeing,whichwas

hitbyaprolongedstrikelastyear,willprobablydelivermoreaircraftthisyearthanlast.

Bothfirmsbuiltuphugebacklogsinthefatyears:eachhasordersforabout3,500planes.

(3)Butmanyofthosemaysoonevaporate.GiovanniBisignani,thebossofIATA,the

tradebodythatspeaksformostairlines,gavewarningearlierthismonththathis

membersmightdeferasmanyas30%ofaircraftdeliveriesnextyear.Healsoalmost

doubledhisforecastfortheindustry'scumulativelossesin2009,to$9billion.(4)Both

Mr.LeahyandJimMcNerney,thechiefexecutiveofBoeing,thinkthatMr.Bisignaniis

overdoingthegloom.Buttheyconcedethatpotentialcustomersmayfindpurchaseshard

tofinance.Anotherissueisthecostoffuel.Mr.McNerneythinkstherecentincreasein

theoilpriceshouldencouragecarrierstoreplaceelderlygasguzzlerswithefficientnew

planes.Butiftheprice"spikesover$100"allbetsareoff.(5)Thetwoaviationgiants

agreeononeotherthing:theindustrywillnotgetasuccessortoitsubiquitousshort-haul

workhorses,the737andtheA320,formorethanadecade.Thatispartlybecausethe15-

20%efficiencygainthatairlinessaytheywantfromthenextgenerationis,saysMr.

McNerney,"abarthatkeepsmovingnorth"thankstothecontinuousimprovementsof

1%-2%ayearthatthemanufacturersaremakingtoexistingplanes.(6)Moreover,both

BoeingandAirbusareconservingcashforalongandbitterscrapiodominatethemarket

forlong-haulaircraftwithupto350seats.Boeing'stroubled787Dreamlinerwillatlast

taketotheairthismonth,twoyearslate.Theproductionproblemsthatstemmedfrom

boththerevolutionaryuseofcompositesandanextendedglobalsupplychainappearto

havebeenovercome.Tospeedupdeliveriesofthe787,forwhichBoeinghasreceived

morethan860orders,Mr.McNcrncyisplanningasecondassemblyline.(7)Thcdelays

tothe787havebeenagodsendforAirbus.Itsrival,theslightlybiggerA350,isontrack

toflyinearly2012afterapainfulgestation.Withnearly500orders,Airbusclaimsthat

theA350issellingevenfasterthantherecord-breaking787didatthesamestageinits

development.ThebiggestconcernforBoeing,however,isnotthattheA350willtake

salesfromthe787,butthatitslargestvariant,theA350-1000,willbeastrongrivaltoits

successful777.Mr.McNerneysaysthatBoeingcanaffordtowaitandseehowgreata

threatthebiggestA350is.ButaccordingtoAirbusexecutives,Boeingwillbefacedwith

thedilemmaofmerelyupgradingthe777ortakingthebiggerandmorecostlystepof

buildingareplacement.(8)TheA35Oandthe787areattheheartofthelong-runningand

acrimoniousdisputebetweenBoeingandAirbusattheWorldTrade

Organisation(WTO)ovcrstatesubsidiesfbrlargecommercialaircraft.Thisweek

Europeangovernmentsdeclaredthattheywerereadytocontribute3.5billion(54.9

billion)ofreimbursablelaunchaidtothe11billioncostofdevelopingtheA350.The

announcementhadBoeingexecutivesscurryingtotheirBlackBerrystocondemnwhat

theysawasa"provocative"movegiventhattheWTOisexpectedtoissuearulingon

Boeing'scomplaintwithinweeks(arulingonacounter-complaintbyAirbusisduelater

intheyear).(9)LouisGallois,thechiefexecutiveofEADS,theparentcompanyof

Airbus,deniedtherewasanythingoddaboutthetiming:"Wcdonotpleadguilty,"he

said."OursupportismuchmoretransparentthanBoeing's.Wehavefullyrepaidwith

interestthesupportwereceivedfortheA320andA330andwearealreadypayingback

ontheA380(super-jumbo)."TomEnders,thechiefexecutiveofAirbus,addedthatthe

aidwasaimedonlyat"levellingtheplayingfield"andthattheEuropeanUnionhad

describedthe787asthemostsubsidisedcommercialaircraftinhistory.

1、ItcanbeinferredfromPara.IthatBoeingandAirbus.

havenotsufferedfromareductionofnewordersuntilthisyear

BNdidnotcompetewitheachotherintenselyinthepast

C、usedtoadvertisetheirsuccessinbusinessatairshows

D^wouldhavetoresolvetheirrivalryasearlyaspossible

标准答案：C

知识点解析：推断题。艰据第一段第一句可知，波音和空客似乎已很久没有利用大

型舫空展宣传其赢得的多达数百架飞机的订单，言外之意是它们过去曾经做过这样

的宣传，故选［C］。同时还可推断，这两家公司不是今年才遭受新订单减少的影

响，这种状况似乎已经持续较长一段时间了，故可排除|A］；根据该段第一句得

知，波音和空客之间过去就展开了激烈的竞争，该段第二句中的still也印证了两者

的竞争对手关系由来已久，故排除［B］；本段并未提及波音和空客在面对困境时应

尽早解决彼此间的争斗，故排除［D］。

2、Accordingtothepassage,AirbusandBoeingsharedthefollowingchallenges

EXCEPT.

A、financialtroubleofpotentialcustomers

B、labourdisputewiththeiremployees

C>riskofoilpricehigherthan$100

D、difficultiesindevelopingnewaircrafts

标准答案：B、

知识点解析：细节题。根据第三段和第四段可知，全球航空业陷入财政困境，可能

取消或推迟订购新飞机；第四段末句指出如果油价每桶超过100美元，更换飞机也

是徒劳；第六段第三句表明波音在开发787的过程中遇到了复合材料的应用和供应

链方面的困难；第七段第二句中的afterapainfulgestation暗示空客A350的开发也

经历过困难，可见，［A］、［C］和［D1都是波音和空客共同面临的挑战。文章只在第

二段提及波音遭受了长期罢工的打击，并未提到空客也遇到类似的劳资纠纷问题，

故［B］为正确答案。

3、BoeingexecutivesfoundtheannouncementofAirbus"provocative"because.

A、AirbusreceivedhighersubsidiesthanBoeing

B、Airbusreceivednewsubsidieswhiletheolddisputeremainedunsolved

C、Airbusdidn'thavetorepaythenewlyannouncedsubsidies

D、WTOrulingisexpectedtobeinAirbus'sfavour

标准答案：B

知识点解析：推断题。第八段前两句提到波音就国家补贴问题与空客的争端由来已

久,双方已诉诸WT0,而在WT0即将对波音的申诉做出裁决时，欧洲政府又宣

布对A350飞机给予新的补贴，可谓变本加厉，因而波音对此尤其不满，故［B］为

正确答案。文中未提及波音获得的补贴数额，故排除［A］；第八段和第九段表明空

客必须偿还所获补贴，而且它正在偿还以往获得的补贴，故排除［C］；第八段首句

表明波音和空客都在WT0起诉了对方，但并未表示WT0的裁决将对哪一方有

利，故排除［D］。

4、Whichtypeoftheaircraftsmentionedinthepassagewillbethelasttobegin

delivery?

A、Boeing787.

Boeing777.

C、A380.

D、A350.

标准答案：D

知识点解析：细节题。文章第六段提到波音787已经准备首飞，且已获得超过860

架的订单，而第七段第二、三句表明空客A350计划于2012年试飞，已获得接近

500架的订单，可见，A35O的开发进程落后于波音787；第七段第四句还提到波音

777是“成功的”，即已经投入商用的成熟机型；第八段第二句表明A350刚刚获得

欧盟政府资助，而第九段第三句表明A380所获资助已经开始偿付，可知A380的

开发也早于A350。可见，A350是文中提到的各机型中开发最晚的，将比其他机型

更晚交付使用，因此选|D|。

(I)Scientist,engineer,musicianandgreatartist,LeonardodaVinciisthearchetypal

Renaissanceman.Thisundisputedgenius,wholivedtobe67,wasalsooneofhistory's

mostaccomplishedunderachievers.Hestartedmanyprojectshedidnotfinish:he

acceptedcommissionsheneverbegan:hismanyplannedtreatisesremainedjustnotes.

Only18ofhispaintingssurvive.Halfofthemareincludedinashowthatopenedon

November9thatLondon'sNationalGallery,makingthisthemostimportantdaVinci

displayever.(2)ThcartistwasbornnearFlorencein1452andwenttoMilanattheageof

30.LukeSyson,theshow'scurator,hascometobelievethatthefreedomdaVinci

enjoyedthereascourtpaintertoLudovicoSforza,DukeofMilan,wasthekeythat

unlockedhisgenius.(3)Mr.Syson'scontentionthatLeonardo'sgreatbreakthroughcame

inMilanandnotlaterinFlorence,ashasgenerallybeenaccepteduntilnow,has

captivatedcurators,collectorsandmuseumdirectorswhohavebeengenerousinloaning

workstotheshow:fromtheVatican,Prague,Cracow,ParisandtheRoyalCollection.

(4)A11thepicturesonshowwerepaintedduringdaVinci's18yearsinMilan.Neverhas

itbeenpossibletoseesomanyofdaVinci'spaintingstogether.Therearealsosome50

drawings,includingthemonumentalVirginandChildwithSaintAnneandSaintJohn

theBaptist(sometimescalledTheBurlingtonHouseCartoon).(5)Theonepicturemissing

fromthisperiodisTheLastSupper,whichispaintedonawall.Thiswork,whichis

badlydamaged,isrepresentedherebyalargephotographandanear-

contemporar^^thoughfarinferior)copy.InpagesfromanotebookdaVinci'sslanted

"mirror"writingdescribestheguestsatadinner.Withanovelist'sinterestindetail,he

carefullyobservedtheshrugofoneman'sshoulders,thepositionofanother'shands,the

scowlononefaceandthefrownonyetonemore.(6)Thcexhibitionisarranged

thematically:inadditionto"BeautyandLove",thereisalso"CharacterandEmotion"

and"BodyandSoul".ThevisitorquicklycomesfacetofacewithThePortraitofCecilia

Gallerani,alsoknownasTheLadywithanErmine.Althoughtheimageisfamiliarfrom

reproductions,theradianceofthepaintingissurprising.Furtheralongisanunfinished,

yetsearing,SaintJerome.Forthefirsttime,bothversionsofTheVirginoftheRocks,

onetheNationalGallery'sownandtheotherbelongingtotheLouvre,areshown

together.(7)Thctwoversionshangatoppositeendsofthelongexhibitionspace.The

moreonelooksatthetwopictures,themorevisiblearethedifferencesbetweenthem:the

strangelyformedrocksintheLouvre'sversioncreateaprotectiveatmosphere,whereasin

theNationalGallery'spaintingtherocksseemquiteeerie,contributingtotheoverall

sepulchralfeelofthework.(8)Asaphilosopherandscientist,daVincistroveto

understandwhatheobservedinhisclosestudiesofnature.Artwasanexpressionofhis

thoughts.TheLadywithanErmineshowstheDukeofMilan'steenagemistressina

fashionablerc(igown,itsslitsleevesrevealingapaleunderdress.DaVinci,always

fascinatedbyknots,carefullydetailsthewaytheblackribbonsaretiedonCecilia'sleft

sleeve.Herrightarmisinshadow.Thetiesonthatsleevearesketchy.Theartisthas

takenintoaccounthisobservationthatvisualacuitydeclinesinthedark.Thebrainfillsin

necessaryinformation.Thesketchinessoftherightsleevehelpsbringtheportraittolife,

creatingwhatWalterPater,a19th-centuryBritishessayistandartcritic,describedasa"

realitywhichalmostamountstoillusion".(9)DaVinciwouldsometimesspendyears

thinkingaboutasinglepainting.Mr.SysonhopesvisitorstotheNationalGallerywill,in

turn,looklongandhardattheseworks.Advanceticketsforentrytotheendoftheyear

hadsoldoutbytheopeningday.TheshowdoesnotcloseuntilFebruary5th2012,but

advanceticketsforitsfinalweeksaregoingfast.Meanwhile,theonlywaytogetinnow

istoqueueforoneofthe500ticketsbeingheldbackforsaleeachmorning.Thesecurity

checksareelaborate,but:hewaitiswellworthit.

5、TheoriginalTheLastSupperisnotdisplayedattheshowbecause.

A、itsreplicalooksbetter

B、itcannotbemoved

C、itisnotkeptinLondon

D^itdoesnotfitintothethemeoftheshow

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第五段前两句提到《最后的晚餐》是一幅壁画且损坏严重。

可见，无法把原作搬来参展，因此选［B］。该段第二句提到复制品远远比不上真

迹，故可排除［A］；第三段末尾提到梵蒂冈、布拉格、克拉科夫、巴黎等地也把作

品借给本次展览，可见，原作未保存在伦敦并不是未能参展的原因，因此排除

［C］；尽管第六段首句指出本次展览是分主题陈列的，但第一段指出该展览是迄今

为止最隆重的达-芬奇画展，汇集了达-芬奇存世画作中的一半，可见，本次展览力

求尽可能多地将达・芬奇的作品拿来展出，作品主题只是陈列时的分类依据而非人

选标准，故排除［D］。

6、WhichofthefollowingwordscanBESTdescribethestyleofLeonardodaVinci's

paintings?

A、Radiant.

Exquisite.

C、Exotic.

D、Sketchy.

标准答案；B

知识点解析：推断题。文章第五段和第八段通过对达・芬奇画作的描述，着重指出

其画风精致细腻，对细节表现得十分逼真、透彻，故［B］正确。［A］“光彩照人的”和

奇异的”用于概括达-芬奇的画风不够全面，可排除；尽管［D］“粗略的”在文中被

用于形容画作的局部，但达・芬奇的手法正是用某些局部的粗略衬托其他部分的细

致，以体现明与暗、前景与背景的强烈对比，因而sketchy也不能描述达-芬奇的画

风，故排除。

7、Whichofthefollowingstatementscontainsapun?

...thekeythatunlockedhisgenius.(Para.2)

B、Mr.Syson'scontention...hascaptivatedcurators...(Para.3)

C、...themonumentalVirginandChildwithSaintAnneandSaintJohnthe

Baptist...(Para.4)

D、...anunfinished,yetsearing,SaintJerome.(Para.6)

标准答案：A

知识点解析：修辞题。［A］中的key和unlocked既可以当“钥匙”和“锁”来理解，也

可以当“关键”和“释放”来理解，是一句巧妙的双关语，因此选［A］。［B］中的

captivated本义为“囚禁，俘虏”，文中使用的“吸引，迷惑”之意为该词的引申义；

［C］和［D］仅为一般的暗喻，二者均不包含双关语，故排除。

8、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsLeonardodaVinceis.

A、critical

B、neutral

C^curious

D、praising

标准答案：D

知识点解析：态度题。文章第一段前两句肯定达-芬奇是一位无可争议的天才，文

章第八段在描述达-芬奇的画作时以明显赞誉的口气突出了其细腻的画风和强烈的

感染力，最后一段末句更是表示达-芬奇的画展绝对值得一看，可见，作者对达■芬

奇是赞赏的，故［D］正确。尽管作者在第一段第二句称达-芬奇“未能充分发挥其真

实水平”，但这只是表明他凭自己的天赋本该取得更高的成就，并非批评之意，因

此排除［A］；作者对达-芬奇的赞赏之意表露明显，故可排除［B］；文中对达-芬奇作

品的描绘栩栩如生，但并不是为了体现作者的好奇心，面是突出达-芬奇的鲜明画

风和独特天赋，故可排除［C|。

(l)Oneoftheparadoxesofhumanbiologyisthattherichworldhasfewerchildrenthan

thepoorworld.Inmostspecies,improvedcircumstancesareexpectedtoincrease

reproductiveeffort,notreduceit,yetaseconomicdevelopmentgetsgoing,countryafter

countryhasexperiencedwhatisknownasthedemographictransition:fertility(definedas

thenumberofchildrenbornebyawomanoverherlifetime)dropsfromaroundeightto

nearoneandahalf.Thatnumberissosmallthatevenwiththereducedchildmortality

whichusuallyaccompaniesdevelopmentitcannotpossiblysustainthepopulation.

(2)Thisreproductivecollapseisparticularlyworryingbecauseitcomesincombination

withanincreaseinlifeexpectancywhichsuggestsihai.bythemiddleofthecentury,noi

onlywillpopulationsinthemostdevelopedcountrieshaveshrunk(unlesstheyare

proppedupbyhistoricallyhugelevelsofimmigration)butalsothatthenumberofretired

individualssupportedbyeachpersonofworkingagewillincreasesignificantly.IfMikko

MyrskylaoftheUniversityofPennsylvaniaandhiscolleaguesarecorrect,though,things

mightnotbequiteasbadasthat.AstudytheyhavejustpublishedinNaturesuggeststhat

asdevelopmentcontinues,thedemographictransitiongoesintoreverse.(3)Dr.Myrskyla

comparedtwothings.Onewasthetotalfertilityrate(thenumberofchildrenthatwould

beborntoawomaninaparticularcountryoverthecourseofherlifeifsheexperienced

theage-specificfertilityratesobservedinthatcountryduringthecalendaryearin

question).Theotherwas:hehumandevelopmentindexforthatcountry.TheHDI,a

measureusedbytheUnitedNations,hasthreecomponents:lifeexpectancy:average

incomeperperson:andlevelofeducation.Itsmaximumpossiblevalueisone.(4)Backin

the1970s,nocountrygotanywherenearone.Ofthe107placestheresearcherslookedat,

thebestwasCanada,withanHDIof0.89.By2005,however,thingshadimproved

markedly.Twodozenofwhatwerenow240countrieshadHDIsabovenine—and

somethingelseremarkablehadhappened.Backin1975,agraphplottingfertilityrate

againsttheHDIfellastheHDIrose.By2005,though,thelinehadakinkinit.Abovean

HDIof0.9orso,itturnedup,producingwhatisknowninthejargonasa"J-shaped"

curvc(cvcnthoughitisthemirrorimageofaletterJ).Inmanycountrieswithreallyhigh

levelsofdevelopment(around0.95)fertilityratesarenowapproachingIwochildrenper

woman.Thereareexceptions,notablyCanadaandJapan,butthetrendisclear.(5)Why

thischangehascomeabout,andwhythedemographictransitionhappensinthefirst

place,aremattersofdebate.Therearelotsofsocialexplanationsofwhyfertilityratesfall

ascountriesbecomericher.Theincreasingabilityofwomeninthedevelopedworldto

controltheirownreproductiveoutputisone,asistherelatedphenomenonofwomen

enteringtheworkplaceinlargenumbers.Theincreasingcostofraisingchildrenina

societywithmorematerialabundanceplaysapart.Sodocsthesubstitutionof

nationalisedsocial-securitysystemsforthesupportofoffspringinoldage.Fallingrates

ofchildmortalityarealsosignificant.Conversely,Dr.Myrskylaspeculatesthatthe

introductionoffemale-friendlyemploymentpoliciesinthemostdevelopedcountries

allowswomentohavethebestofbothworlds,andthatthismaycontributetotheupiick.

（6）Nodoubtallthesesocialexplanationsaretrueasfarastheygo,buttheydonot

addressthedeeperquestionofwhypeople'spsychologyshouldhaveevolvedinaway

thatmakesthemwantfewerchildrenwhentheycanaffordmore.Thereisapossible

biologicalexplanation,though.

9、WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTcontributetothefallingfertilityrateinmany

developedcountries?

A^Highercostofraisingchildren.

B、Morematerialabundance.

C^Betteravailabilityofbirthcontrolmeasures.

D^Improvedsocial-securitysystems.

标准答案：B

知识点解析：细节题。第五段列举了多方面导致国家越发达生育率越低的社会原

因，其中包括职业妇女控制自身生育量、抚养成本的增加、社会保障体系的完善

（无需为了养老而多生孩子）等，因此排除［A］、［C］>［D］o社会资源的日益富足本身

并不是直接导致生育率降低的原因，只是随着经济发展，抚养孩子的成本日益增

加，所以人们不愿意多生孩子。只有出|不符合文意，故为答案。

10>ThefollowingstatementsareconsistentwithDr.Myrskyla'sviewabout

demographictransitionEXCEPTthat.

A、thefertilityrateinCanadadoesn'trisebecauseofthelackoffemale-friendly

employmentpolicies

somecountriesexperienceanothertransition:fertilityraterisesastheybecomemore

developed

C>therisingfemaleemploymentdoesnotalwaysresultinreducedreproductiveoutput

D、HDIisanimportantindicatorfbracountry'slevelofdevelopment

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。第五段末句指出，迈斯基拉博士认为最发达国家实施了有利

于妇女的就业政策，可能有助于生育率的提高，但文中也强调生育率的升降可能有

多方面的社会原因，甚至还可能有生物学方面的原因，因此不能逆推出加拿大等国

没有出现生育率回升就是因为其缺乏有利于妇女的就业政策，因此选［A］。第四段

倒数第三句显示，迈斯基拉博士的研究发现，一些国家在发展到一定程度（HD【约

大于0.9）时，生育率不降反升。HDI是被迈斯基拉博士用作衡量国家发展水平的

指标，用于与生育率的变化相对照，研究二者的相关性。根据第五段末句叮知，妇

女走上工作岗位可能影响生育率，但有利于妇女的就业政策也能让妇女兼顾生育和

事业，所以妇女就业并不必然导致生育率降低。所以［B］、［0和［D］均符合迈斯基

拉博士的观点，故排除。

11、Whatistheroleofthe4thparagraphinthedevelopmentofthetopic?

A^Toillustratethatfertilityratesinsomehighlydevelopedcountriesbegantorise.

B、ToshowthatcountrieslikeCanadaandJapanremainlowfertilityrates.

C、Toexplainhowdemographictransitionoccurredfrom1975to2005.

D、ToindicatethatthetrendofHDIisunrelatedtofertilityrates.

标准答案：A

知识点解析：篇章题。第四段承上启下，通过对相关数据的比较分析，证明了迈斯

基拉博士等人的观点，即随着经济发展，人口转变趋势会发生逆转，也为下文解释

这种逆转进行了铺垫，因此选［A］。此段的意图并不是为了解释第一段提到的“人口

转变”，因为根据对此段的分析可知，当人口转变发展到一定程度时还会发生逆

转，所以［C］不正确，故排除；日本和加拿大没有出现逆转，文中将其作为一种例

外，但并未作为解释的重点，因此排除［B］；尽管生育率和HDI两个指标之间并不

是严格的同向或逆向变化，但并不等于二者彼此无关，事实是二者在HDI达到

0.9的转折点之前是逆向变化，达到转折点之后则是同向变化，因此［D］不正确，

故排除。

(l)DctroitseemstobewhereWallStreetmeetsMainStreet.Tightcreditisreckonedto

havecosttheAmericancarmakers40,000salesinAugust,worthabout$1billionin

revenue.TheimpacthasbeenfeltmosthyAmerica'sBigThree-GeneralMotors,Ford

andChrysler-whichhavesufferedthisyearasconsumersshunnedgas-guzzlersin

favourofthesmallercarsmostlymadebyJapanesefirmsinAmericanfactories.Overall

light-vehiclesaleshita15-yearlowinSeptember,withafallof27%comparedwitha

yearearlier.Theproblemisfinance.MWehaveplentyofcustomers—whatwedon'thave

isfinancingavailabletomeettheirneeds,"MikeJackson,chiefexecutiveofAutoNation,

aleadingcar-dealerchain,toldCNBCthisweek.Hereckonsthattightercreditandlimits

onfinanceforleaseshavecosthisfirmafifthofitssalesthisyear.(2)TheBigThree

havebeenhitbypetrolpricespushingtowards$4agallon,bymoredemandingfederal

fuel-economyrulesandbythecreditcrunchwreckingconsumerfinance.Butthefederal

governmentcametotheiraidthisweekwhenGeorgeBushsignedanenergybillthat

includes$25billioninloanguaranteestoeasetheirpain.Supposedlythisistoallowthe

BigThreetoretooltheirfactoriestoproducemoreeconomicalvehicles.DavidCole,

directoroftheCentreforAutomotiveResearch,anindustrybody,estimatesthatsuch

retoolingcouldcostalleast$100billion.Butmoneyismoney,sotheinfusionofcheap

creditwillhelpthecarmakerspaytheirbillsnextyear.HGiventhemarketpositionofthe

BigThree,thingswillgetstickybymid-2009,becausetheyhavetokeepspendingon

newprogrammes,HsaysJoePhilippiofAutoTrends,aconsultancy.(3)Therulesarestill

beingworkedout,butthedealmeansthatcarcompanies-blessedwiththegovernment

guarantee-shouldgetloanswithaninterestrateofaround5%ratherthanthe15%they

wouldfaceontheopenmarketintoday'sconditions.Thestipulationthattheloansarc

onlytorfirmswithfactoriesatleast20yearsoldrulesoutnearlyallthe"transplant"

factoriesthatforeigncarmakersbuiltinAmericatogetaroundtariffbarriers.Andevenif

someJapanesecarmakersdoqualifyforloans,theyarenotexpectedtoaskforthem.

(4)Soasumthatseemedpreposterousonlyafewmonthsagohaswonoverwhelming

approvalfrompoliticians.Comparedwiththedemandfor$700billiontounderpinthe

financialsystem,whocancomplainaboutamere$25billionforcarmakers?Andusing

governmentmoneytokeephonest,hardworkingcar-industryworkersintheirjobsis

easierforpoliticianstojustifythanhandoutsforgreedyWallStreetbankers.Thesalcs-

pitchisevenmorecompellinginanelectionyear.(5)0nceindustrialsubsidieslikethis

begintoflow,itisdifficulttostopthem.ArecentstudybytheCatoInstitute,aright­

wingthink-tank,foundthatthefederalgovernmentspentsome$92billionsubsidising

businessin2006alone.Only$21billionofthatwenttofarmers:muchoftherestwent

tofirmssuchasBoeing,IBMandGEintheformofexport-creditsupportandvarious

researchsubsidies.(6)TheBigThreearealreadycomplainingthatitwilltaketoolongto

dishoutthemoney,andtheywanttheprocessspeededup.Theyalsowantafurther$25

billion,possiblyattachedtothesecondversionoftheWallStreetrescuebill.Thelogicof

bailingoutWallStreetisthatfinanceunderpinseverything.Detroitcannotbegintomake

thatclaim.But,givenitssuccessfullobbying,canitbelongbeforeailingairlinesand

failingretailersjointhequeue?

12、Americancarmakers,especiallytheBigThree,arcindeeptroublebecauseofthe

followingfactorsEXCEPT

A、theincreasinglyhighpetrolprices

B、theimpactofimportedcarsfromothercountrieslikeJapan

C、thetightercreditwhichimpairscustomers'financecapability

D^theconsumers5preferencetomorefuel-efficientvehicles

标准答案：R

知识点解析：细节题。第一段第三句和第五句以及第二段首句阐明了汽车制造商受

到打击的多种因素，包?S用户转向青睐小型汽车、融资困难、高油价等，因此排除

［A］、［C］、［D］o但三巨头流失的客户转向了日本公司在美国的工厂，且第三段第

二句提到，美国为了保^本国汽车产业设置了关税壁垒，使得外国汽车制造商不得

不在美国设厂，因而直谖从日本等国进口的汽车并非重大威胁，故选［B］。

13、Thepassagesuggeststhatinfactcanreceivetheguaranteedloans.

A、allcarmakersinneedofretooling

B、oldU.S.carmakersanddealerscaughtintrouble

C>factoriesofforeigncarmakersintheU.S.

D、majorcarmakersliketheBigThree

标准答案：D

知识点解析：推断题。取据第五段末句可知，除了金融行业，能拿到政府巨额补贴

的往往是一些大公司，因此［D］为正确答案。根据第三段第二句可知，法案以工厂

至少具有20年历史为限，因此并非所有陷入危机的美国汽车生产商都有资格申请

政府贷款，而且也不面向汽车经销商，故排除［A］和［B］；根据第三段末句可知，上

述限制条件看似对美资和外资企业一视同仁，实则几乎将所有的外资汽车工厂排除

在外，当然历史较短的美国汽车企业也不具备资格，而一些日本汽车工厂即使符合

条件，恐怕也拿不到优惠贷款，故排除［C］。

14、Politiciansapprovetheloanguaranteeforcarmakersbecauseofthefollowing

reasonsEXCEPTthat.

A、themoneyneededjustbecomesavailable

B>thebankersreceiveamuchlargersum

C>theyhopetowinmorevotesbydoingso

D^thecarindustryneedshelp

标准答案：A

知识点解析：细节题。艰据第四段第二句可知，政府提供给金融行业高达7000亿

美元的援助，给汽车行业区区250亿美元乂为何不可?而且根据前两段的介绍，汽

车行业的确遭遇困境，急需资金。又根据第四段最后两句可知，政客们对该法案投

赞成票，可以表明自己支持汽车行业和帮助汽车工人渡过难关，从而有助于自己赢

得更多的选票。因此［B］、［C］、［D］都是促成资助汽车产业的贷款担保法案通过的

因索，并不是因为政府一下子有了钱，故选［A］。

二、简答题（本题共8题，每题1.0分，共8分。）

15、PASSAGEONE

标准答案：Makingthecompetitionfair.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到最后一段。根据坡后一段引述的空客方面人士的

表态，空客认为波音787也得到了国家补贴，暗示空客为避免在竞争中落后，也必

须获得相应的补贴，因此可推断levellingtheplayingfield是指使竞争公平.故答案

是"Makingthecompetitionfair.

16、PASSAGETWO

标准答案：Hecouldhaveachievedmorewithhisgenius.

知识点解析：山题干关键词定位到第一段。mostaccomplished肯定了达-芬奇的成

就，同时underachievers（字面意思为“成就不足者”）又暗示他本应取得更高的成就。

纵观文中对达-芬奇画风的描述，特别是第八段前两句指出他善于深入观察和细致

表现，第九段首句指出他有时候会花上几年的时间去思索一幅画。可见，达・芬奇

一方面表现出了杰出的艺术才能，另一方面正是因为他绘画时极其认真、细致，所

以完成的作品不多，不是一，个高产的画家，故答案是“Hecouldhaveachievedmore

withhisgenius.

PASSAGETHREE

17、Whyisthereproductivecollapseparticularlywonying?

标准答案：Becauseitcomesalongwithanincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

知识点解析：由题干关键词定位到第二段。该段首句指出，这种出生人口的骤减尤

其令人担忧，因为它与平均寿命的延长相伴随。所以答案为“Becauseitcomesalong

withanincreaseinlifeexpectancy.

18、Whatdoes"thelinehadakinkinit"（Para.4）mean?

标准答案：Theturningpointappearedintheline.

知识点解析：由题干定位到第四段。该段指出，回顾1975年，图表曲线显示，生

育率随着HDI的上升而下降；而2005年时，在HDI约大于0.9时，曲线没有下

降，反而上升，由此可知，曲线上出现了一个转折点，所以答案是“Theturning

pointappearedintheline.

19>Whatdoestheword"uptick'*attheendofthe5thparagraphreferto?

标准答案：IncreasingfertilityratesincountrieswithHDIabove0.9.

知识点解析：由题干定位到第五段。该段解释了发生“人口转变”（即国家越发达生

育率越低）的原因。最后一句中的conversely表明此处行文发生转折，转而解释另

一现象，即第四段介绍的“J形''分布：一些国家在发展到HDI超过0.9时，生育

率不降反升。根据迈斯基拉博士的观点，一些最发达国家实施了有利于妇女的就业

政策，使得妇女可以多生核子而无后顾之忧。因此答案是“Increasingfertilityrates

incountrieswithHDIabove0.9.

PASSAGEFOUR

20、What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheindustrialsubsidypolicyofthe

government?

标准答案：Slightlycritical.

知识点解析：作者尽管认为汽车行'也遭遇危机，需要援助，但对产业补贴政策的弊

端是持批评态度的，故答案是“Slightlycritical.第三段第二句指出，政府在法

案中对申请贷款担保的条件做了巧妙的限制，只有老牌的美国汽车公司才能获得优

惠待遇：根据第四段后三句可知，政客们在批准巨额贷款担保时，政治因素（为援

助金融系统的7000亿美元自圆其说、赢得选票等）是主要的，真正帮助汽车行业

摆脱困境的动机反而只是陪衬；第五段首句则进一步表明了作者的担忧：政府补贴

往往流向大公司，此情形可能一发不可收拾。综上可知作者的态度是“Slightly

critical.

21、Whatisthefunctionofthe5thparagraphinthepassage?

标准答案：Starttomakeanadditionalpoint.

知识点解析：文章前半部分介绍的是美国汽车产业（特别是三巨头）身陷经济困境，

而联邦政府则慷慨解囊，提供巨额贷款担保；从第五段开始则从政府援助汽车产业

的措施说起，触及政府产业补贴政策的弊端：大公司通过游说获得巨额补贴，而且

得寸进尺，并且预言除金融、汽车之外的其他行业可能也将要求政府的援助，导致

产业补贴一发不可收拾。因此第五段转向另一个话题，不再局限于汽车行业，因此

答案是“Starttomakeanadditionalpoint.

22、Whatdoes"thatclaim"inthelastparagraphreferto?

标准答案：Thecarindustryisasimportantasthefinancialindustry.

知识点解析：由题干关健词定位到原文最后一段。该段倒数第二句中的Detroit指

代美国的汽车产业。第五段末句已提到，大公司善于通过游说将政府的巨额补贴纳

入自己的腰包。金融界要求政府资助的一个有力的理由便是：“金融支撑一

^^（financeunderpinseverything）o显然，尽管汽车产业对维持就业和经济增长也十

分重要，但却无法声称刍己具有和金融业同等的重要性，能起到国民经济命脉的作

用，故答案是"Thecarindustryisasimportantasthefinancialindustry.

专业英语八级（阅读）模拟试卷第2套

一、选择题（本题共74题，每题1.0分，共74分。）

Theoilindustryhasbeenonahotstreakthisyear,thankstoaseriesofmajordiscoveries

thathaverekindledasenseofexcitementacrossthepetroleumsector,despitefalling

pricesandatougheconomy.Thesediscoveries,spanningfivecontinents,aretheresultof

heftyinvestmentsthatbeganearlierinthedecadewhenoilpricesrose,andofnew

technologiesthatallowexplorerstodrillatgreaterdepthsandbreaktougherrocks.

"That's